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Martin Luther King Jr and the Nazi Regime, 2008.
A look at how the American Civil Rights Movement and the Nazi regime in Germany that led to the Second World War stand as examples of how social and political perspectives interact with each other.
3,018 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that the actions of the Nazi regime regime both internally and externally were justified by legal and political rule that gave justification to social segregation, war and even in principle, the holocaust. The paper then points out that, similarly, the Civil Rights Movement highlighted that despite social enlightenment regarding the equality of races, there has been little effect on the political and social representation of minorities in the U.S. The paper concludes that Martin Luther King's statement reminding that the legality of Hitler's actions in the war reflects how the law can be used to the disadvantage of society. This reflects that social conditions influence politics and legislation just as much as they affect society and the need for these various social institutions to check and balance each other.
Outline:
Introduction
Impact to society
Legal foundations as justification
Implications to the civil rights movement
Contemporary legal and political systems
Conclusion
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From the Paper
"According to Stychin and Mulcahy (2007), the establishment of legislation, aside from creating legitimacy for an action, also protects the action from legal consequences even if they interfere with civil or natural rights. In contemporary legal and judicial systems, there is an assumption of the law to take precedence. The only avenue in such settings otherwise is through the order of appeals or higher courts. Thus, the provision or availability of legal justification also implies the political support or justification of the action. At the same time, as illustrated in King's illustration of the right of African Americans to civil liberties, there is an assumption that the public can hold its political institutions accountable. "architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir" (King, 1963b)
This has significant implications to socio-political systems. Pattison and Evans (2006, p. 712) point out that public policies such as laws, "fundamentally change the relationships between citizens and their careers and among careers and the law and the state". This also implies that the law, which is separate from the system itself since it is defined by legislature, is the overriding component in the system (Unger, 1977). Thus, the law may not reflect what is just or equitable but more evidently political perspective of the state. This then requires active action to change and implement legislation through reform or social movements."
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"Survival in Auschwitz", 2008.
A review of Primo Levi's "Survival in Auschwitz".
1,773 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Primo Levi's "Survival in Auschwitz", which describes his personal experiences in the Auschwitz concentration camp. It discusses how, for Primo Levi, the strength and tenacity to withstand the terrors of the death camps had much to do with his physical and mental stamina, his scientific background as a chemist and perhaps his personal religious beliefs, which certainly helped other Jews to survive.
From the Paper
"Without a doubt, Levi did indeed possess great luck, good, sturdy health and much spiritual strength upon entering Auschwitz and certainly retained these traits when he was released in 1945. Physically, Levi was a rather small man but possessed much body mass and strength as a result of climbing mountains as a hobby. He once declared that he "learned the virtues of resistance, endurance and sustenance in the mountains" and admitted that without these "virtues" he would not have been able to survive the death camp at Auschwitz (Pytell, "The Grey Zone: Viktor Frankl's Auschwitz"). Clearly, as a denizen of the Auschwitzian version of "Hell on Earth," Levi found himself dependent on these "virtues" in order to endure and overcome the horrible conditions at the camp and the never-ending taunting and coarse discipline of his Nazi inquisitors. "
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Hitler's Other Victims, 2006.
This paper explores how the young German people were essentially robbed of their youth by Hitler.
1,316 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the education system in Germany just prior to and during WWII was very much controlled by the German party and describes how schools would feed constant propaganda to the students. The paper relates that membership in the Hitler Youth was compulsory for all teenagers and it would ultimately prepare the youths to become future Nazi leaders. The paper reveals that these teenagers would be used for the war effort, with thousands either left dead or wounded. The paper stresses how these young impressionable minds were faced with propaganda and caught up, unknowingly, in Hitler's fanaticism.
From the Paper
"The early youth movement was part of the German Workers' Party which was founded in Germany in 1919. During Hitler's imprisonment the group failed during that time. Other groups were formed, but a large common unit did not exist. Other units still managed to exist until "Hitler banned all independent youth groups in 1933", Cassidy writes. (Cassidy, 1998) Hein furthers states that "In 1931, Baldur von Schirach was appointed Reich Youth Leader and one of his primary goals was to unify all of the different Nazi youth organizations." (Hein, 2005) The most common synonym for the Hitler Youth group after this period was Hitler-Jugend often referred to with just two letter, HJ."
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Nuremberg Laws vs. Jim Crow Laws, 2008.
A comparison of the practical differences between the Nuremberg Laws in Germany and the Jim Crow Laws in the United States and the racism upon which each of these legal systems was based.
8,467 words (approx. 33.9 pages), 46 sources, APA, $ 179.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the Nuremberg Laws in Germany with the Jim Crow Laws in the United States. It discusses each of these areas of racial regulation in turn and then further examines the subtle distinctions and clear practical differences between the dangerous racism upon which each of these legal systems was based. The paper includes APA style footnotes but does not include a bibliography.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Jim Crow Laws in the United States and Nuremberg Laws in Germany
The Protection of Ethnic Purity: Similarities in Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws' Regulation of Interracial Relationships and Underlying Legislative Intent
The Protection of Ethnic Purity: Contrast within in the Nuremberg and Jim Crow Laws on Interracial Relationships
Segregation in Education: Further Parallels in the Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws
Segregation in Education: Contrasting Aspects of the Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws
The Deprivation of Civil Rights: Similar Laws and Practices Causing "Civil Death" of African-Americans in the United States and Jews in Nazi Germany
The Deprivation of Civil Rights: The Final Solution and the Purely Aryan State, and Further Examples of Where Nuremberg and Jim Crow Differ
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This huge disparity can be best explained by referring back to one of the most predominant differences in the purposes of the racially hierarchical systems in place in each country. The Jim Crow laws were passed because Southern state lawmakers were struggling to protect and preserve the white supremacy that they had always lived with, and prevent African-American advancement as a necessary part of this objective. Yet in Germany, the Nazi party's goal was always the total extermination of all undesirables, including Jews, and the legislative deprivation of citizenship was at least in some respects merely a means to that end. Finally, to go along with this fundamental difference, there is one last similarity between the racial laws of these countries: the painful memories of both the Holocaust and the Jim Crow era, and all of the violations of rights, liberties and freedoms that comprised both of these experiences, are certainly still fresh in the recollection of all nations involved, and are still highly prominent historical issues today even as those who lived through these events are increasingly no longer with us."
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Josef Mengele and his Experiments, 2008.
An analysis of the medical experiments performed by Josef Mengele in Auschwitz and his justification for performing them.
1,957 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper seeks to relate Josef Mengele's crimes via a systematic analysis. It analyzes the purposes of the medical experimentation conducted by Mengele and provides a brief analysis of the types of experiments he conducted. The paper then discusses his justification for the experiments, as it is understood by researchers and finally provides a short sketch of the aftermath of his work.
From the Paper
"The history of eugenics goes beyond Mengele, as he was not the mastermind of it, but he and his particular mental state seriously added to the pseudoscience that at least for a time dominated and supported the long history of anti-Semitism. Mengele took full advantage of the ability to have free reign to play God with the lives of those who had no protection from him in an attempt to bolster his eugenic ideology. Though, Mengele escaped justice and lived out the reminder of his life in relative peace, his victims will never have closure and the history he left behind is a constant reminder of the unsettling behavior that people are capable of."
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The Rise of Hitler, 2008.
A discussion of the rise of Adolf Hitler to power in Germany.
845 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the historical background leading to Adolf Hitler's rise to power and the tactics he used to maintain his power. The paper asserts that Hitler created a false sense of security in Germany, which allowed him to quickly rise to power and gain support of the people. It maintains that, through the rejection of the ideas of modernism and glorification of World War I, Hitler easily persuaded Germany to support him and everything that he stood for. The paper adds that the rise of Nazism in Germany allowed Hitler to become dictator. It concludes that Hitler's use of propaganda in particular allowed him to transform Germany from a country in ruin to a seemingly strong and thriving nation.
From the Paper
"Another tool Hitler used to popularize himself was through the rejection of the ideas of modernism. Hitler rejected the new in hopes of reverting Germany back to its traditional ways. Modernism art before Hitler came to power represented Germany in a gruesome light. Hitler's goal was to symbolize the beauty of Germany in terms of racial purity, militarism, and heroism. Core values ruled over the thoughtful and philosophical. Many paintings images were very direct in their meanings of masculinity and power. Former modernist works were referred to as degenerate and either banned or put upon display for ridicule. For example, "Storm troops Advancing under Gas" by Otto Dix was a modernist painting that portrays the horrors of War."
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Primo Levi's "If This is a Man", 2008.
An analysis of Primo Levi's account "If This is a Man".
2,095 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Primo Levi's "If This is a Man", which discusses the true nature of man, and his ability to adapt in degrading circumstances, when faced with evil and dehumanization. The paper maintains that although the prisoners of Auschwitz were degraded and demoralized, they were not able to be dehumanized for the choice to give up is a personal decision that cannot be made by another. The paper states that Primo's work provides insight into the lives and nature of the victims of the Holocaust. It concludes that analysis of this text may broaden one's knowledge of the Holocaust and Jewish culture, as well as man's ability to adapt and handle depersonalisation.
From the Paper
"In the initiation process that welcomed prisoners to Auschwitz they were stripped of every ounce of their identity that could be taken: "Nothing belongs to us any more; they have taken away our clothes, our shoes, even our hair; if we speak, they will not listen, and if they listen they will not understand." (p.33) Even their names were removed and replaced by numbers, tattooed on their bodies; with which they would be identified: "He is Null Achtzehn. He is not called anything except that, Zero Eighteen, the last three figures of his entry number; as if everyone was aware that only a man is worthy of a name, and that Null Achtzehn is no longer a man" (p.48). The prisoners soon realize that along with individuality all social distinctions and subtleties, good and bad, wise and foolish, the cushions of law, social habits and morals within the camp are reduced to zero. In the concentration camps "there is only survival or death" (p.59). Deprived of all human-defining aspects they begin a new existence as nothing more than laboring units. It is this first initiation process that starts the erosion of the prisoners' humanity."
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Anne Frank's "Anne Frank: Diary of a Young Girl", 2004.
This paper discusses the psychology of fear as presented in "Anne Frank: Diary of a Young Girl" by Anne Frank.
1,535 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Anne Frank in her bibliography "Anne Frank: Diary of a Young Girl", being a typical teenage girl, was incredibly emotional. The author points out that the circumstance in which she recorded these sentiments was such that they were always overshadowed by her immense fear. The paper relates that, in the first few diary entries written in the Annex, although slightly afraid, Frank does not realize the true level of danger she is in and therefore fills page after page with detailed but mundane descriptions of daily life in the Annex. The author then explains that, as Frank matures, she begins to empathize with the apprehensiveness felt by the adults and, as a result, her fear begins to increase. The paper stresses that, in a child's mind, death is not a feasible occurrence; therefore, she can allow herself to believe that she does not fear it.
From the Paper
'In this entry, as well as many others, she discusses her constant fears of being caught by the Germans while hiding in the secret annex with her family. This entry is especially powerful because it sheds light on the fact that, in such small cramped conditions, there is little to do but let your mind wander. When put in a situation where you can not talk or laugh too loudly for fear of capture, all that one is left with is his or her thoughts and for a young girl, this can cause immense fright. As she points out on this same page of her diary, everything she says or does leads her back to thoughts of fear."
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Nazi Anti-Semitic Policy and Economy, 2004.
This paper examines to what extent Nazi anti-Semitic policy was motivated by the economy.
1,656 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The writer of this article points out that the anti-Semitic Nazi party, attempted to limit apparent Jewish dominance in German society and the economy through the implementation of specific polices. In this essay the writer tries to explain these policies and the reasons for their implementation, as well as the extent to which these policies were motivated by economic considerations. To achieve this aim the writer looks at the role of Hermann Goering in influencing Nazi Semitic policies and his development of the German economy from 1938 including the removal of Jewish business in an effort to create a 'Nazified' economy. The writer concludes that it can be said that anti-Semitic policies in the period 1933-39 were motivated more by the individual ideologies and subsequent political policies imposed by the founders of the Nazi party such as Adolf Hitler and Hermann Goering and the high ranking political figures within the party establishment than economic influences.
From the Paper
"The removal of Jewish civil servants was personally ordered by Hitler in April 1933 and was accomplished relatively easily. Jewish persecution was increased in September 1933 with the passing of a Law banning Jews from Agriculture. However the impact of this law upon Jewish society within Germany was negligible because there were few Jews in the agricultural industry. Hitler's view was that Germany should be made by 'sweat and blood' pure and clean of Jewish influence. The events of 1933 and the increased anti-Semitic policies of the Nazi government were not motivated by economic issues despite some policies affecting economic areas. They were instead general policies with little impact, offered as token gestures by Hitler to satisfy not only his own beliefs, but also the demands of the right-wing fanatics within his own party who were calling for radical anti-Semitic action."
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National Socialist Propaganda: Role and Nature, 2007.
An examination of the role and nature of Nazi propaganda.
1,008 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the outlook and the function of the propaganda of the Nazi regime. It explains that the propaganda came in the form of movies, radio, newspaper articles and advertisements, mass rallies and books and infiltrated all aspects of German life. The paper looks at how the Nazi propaganda's saturation of German life and the very nature in which propaganda should be used, set out by Hitler and Reichsminister Dr. Joseph Goebbels, were essential to the regime's popularity, the obedience of its people and the building of its psychological and physical strength and population numbers. The paper also notes that propaganda continued to be used by the National Socialists as a manipulator of the people even after they had gained power and that the focus shifted from politics to the demonization of the Jews and the mentally ill, and to the promotion of the Volksgemeinschaft. The paper further discusses how poster art was one of many suitable mediums for conveying these messages. In conclusion the paper shows that National Socialist propaganda takes its place in history as one of the most powerful and successful operations the world has ever known; a programme that indoctrinated a nation and seduced it into pursuing an ideological fantasy, which eventually resulted in catastrophe.
From the Paper
"One such example of Nazi poster propaganda is the announcement of the "Third Reich's Day of the Farmer of 1935". The farmer, who had always held a place of high esteem in Nazi ideology, is portrayed as a strong, tall, idealised Aryan. He stands upright with his sleeves rolled up as if ready to work or take on some tremendous task. He appears brave, strong and physically idealised and a perfect example of a good German and Aryan man. The National Socialists had recognised that the farmer was the "fount of national health and future German greatness", and with this poster the Propaganda Ministry aims to create awareness of the value of the farmer and his physical and "Volkish" qualities in that he is putting the concern for the greater Volk above himself by farming. Not only is the poster a piece of propaganda, but the event that it advertises is also a propaganda act, held to "strengthen National Socialist values"."
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Homosexuals in Nazi Germany, 2002.
An examination of the plight of both Jewish and non-Jewish homosexuals living under Hitler's regime.
3,487 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
During the twelve years of the Nazi reign, nearly 50,000 men were convicted of the crime of homosexuality. This paper looks at how representations of journalists and historians of the homosexual experience during the Holocaust are compromised by the small number of accounts available in the research, and by the oppression faced by autobiographical reporters. It discusses how by design, Hitler had attempted to squelch any and all threats to his ideology, and in doing so, he succeeded in eradicating the voices of thousands of gay men and women who silently died in the ovens, their harrowing stories taken to their graves.
From the Paper
"When Adolph Hitler ascended to power in 1933, Germany was experiencing a period of severe economic hardship. Charismatically, and very likely operating with a delusional mind, he pledged the downtrodden German people that his regime would create a wondrous future by implementing a grandiose strategy in which a master German race would rise up to dominate Europe and beyond. Hitler's plan to create such a superior race of Aryans required him to exterminate any person who posed a physical, psychological, philosophical or political threat by resisting rigid adherence to his Fascist blueprint of a pure, superior German race. Because the Aryan population was highly constituted with blonde haired, blue-eyed, pale-skinned Caucasians, Hitler became obsessed with a pathological compulsion to exterminate all people who did not fit his prototype of the new master race. "
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Why the Churches Were Silent, 2008.
An in-depth discussion of the Catholic Church's passive stance during the slaughter of the Jews in the Holocaust.
2,913 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
The paper explores what the Catholic Church and the Vatican did and specifically did not do during the years of Hitler's Germany and the murder of the Jews. The paper provides a brief history of Judeo- Christian relations in Germany as recent as the Second Reich. The paper shows how the Vatican, Pope Pius XII and the Catholic Church could have saved the lives of millions with their powerful influence. The paper discusses why the Vatican and German Catholic Churches watched silently as so many Jews were cruelly sent to their deaths.
From the Paper
"The morality of the Catholic Church took a backseat slide between the years of 1933 and 1945. The church still struggles with their rather passive stance during the slaughter of the Jews in the Holocaust. In fact, they still have not recovered from it. Why did these "holy ones" keep so silent during the Holocaust? Was it for peaceful diplomatic means? Was it to try to salvage the papacy? Perhaps the anti-Semitic foundations in Christianity were partly to blame. Whatever the case, the atrocity we know as the Holocaust that took the lives of over six million Jews and little was done by the world, especially by the Vatican, Pope Pius XII and the Catholic Church, who, with their powerful influence could have saved the lives of millions."
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