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Classicism in Architecture, 2008.
A comparative anaysis of classicism in Nazi architecture and
the work of Le Corbusier.
3,071 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how classicism has been a powerful force in the modern era and how both Nazis and modernizing architects, like Le Corbusier, employed the style and its principles in connection with their own aims. Specifically, the paper looks at how, in both cases, the classical canon was seen as a way of expressing fundamental ideas about society and the world and how classicism, with its strict rules of composition and proportion, appeared ideally suited to a movement that craved strict order and rigid discipline at all costs, as did the Nazis. It also examines how its naturally-inspired rhythms appealed to Le Corbusier because they appeared to represent the way in which nature, and even Divinity were constructed and directed and how these transcendent qualities captured the imagination of architects.
From the Paper
"Hitler's views on the ideal society were based on a supposedly rational construction of human history and biology. The Third Reich was intended to be an expression of "scientific" principals of eugenics and "natural law." In the Fuhrer's Germany, and society would be one. They would function together as a single, well-ordered, well-disciplined, organic machine. Those elements deemed undesirable by Adolf Hitler would be forcibly and violently purged from the body politic in order to create a new, purified, and stronger Germany. On the face of it, Classicism too presented many of these same "ideals." Classical architecture was particularly associated with the idea of the public monument, a concept that dated back to antiquity, but only became prevalent in the Western World during the Nineteenth Century. "
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Inigo Jones, 2008.
A discussion on the life and work of Inigo Jones.
925 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the life of Inigo Jones, described by the paper as the first and perhaps the greatest of English Renaissance architects who left a profound influence on the course of British art and architecture. The paper begins by presenting a brief biography of Jones' life and then looks at his contribution to the court masque, as well as his relationship and collaboration with Ben Jonson.
From the Paper
" One of the reasons for the fall-out between the two was that Jonson took the intellectual content of his masques more seriously than anyone else. He was, by all accounts, convinced that the soul of the masque was of infinite value. He deeply resented the tendency at the time to accord greater respect to the decoration and the "mere mechanics" of a show (Lees-Milne 45). Jonson believed that Jones was getting more credit than he deserved for his contribution to the masque productions. His resentment towards his "friend" grew from "irritation to contempt to intense dislike" just as applause for Jones got louder. "
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Postmodern Architecture, 2008.
A look at the formal and spatial qualities that characterize postmodern architecture and its relationship with classicism.
1,108 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how postmodern architecture, as its name suggests, and like so many aesthetic movements in general, arose as a reaction to the expressive sensibility of the previous generation and how perhaps the most striking formal and spatial qualities and characteristics of postmodern architecture is its lack of cohesion in all of the qualities of form and style. The paper also looks at how there are some shades of classicism in postmodern architecture--or at least neo-classicism and its embrace of an earlier era, that of Greek and Roman formality, and its transformation and appropriation of those forms in different uses.
From the Paper
"The new postmodernists derided the formulaic genre of the preceding generations of architects, which they felt had produced buildings that were "monotonous" ("Art and culture: Postmodern architecture," 2007). The new critics despised modernism's uniform, linear lines, its consistency of shape, its "glass skyscrapers" that were "based on an efficiency of construction fostered by capitalist speculation ("Art and culture: Postmodern architecture," 2007). Modernism argued for architecture's politicization, an end to its "formal isolation" and for an expansion of architecture's role to address social problems. Postmodern critics of the early 1970s felt that elitism and individual expression were superior values to modernist's embrace of a populism that had really degenerated into a routinized corporate regime (McLeod 27)."
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Medieval Architecture, 2008.
This paper looks at architecture and design from the period of the Middle Ages.
833 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that according to most historians, the Medieval Period, also known as the Middle Ages, represents about a thousand years from circa 400 A.D. to 1400 A.D., and is sometimes referred to as the "Dark Ages." For centuries, this period of time was thought to be the dark interval between the collapse of the Roman Empire and the rebirth of Western civilization in the Renaissance. However, the writer points out that since the 18th century, historians have revised their opinions on this period, particularly regarding the idea that Medieval design and architecture was crude and primitive. Tee writer discusses that several outstanding examples of Medieval architecture demonstrate that this old view is totally inaccurate, for there are many churches, cathedrals and related buildings in countries like France, England and Germany which bear out the truth, being that Medieval architecture and design was just as complicated and beautiful as any created during the centuries that followed the "Dark Ages."
From the Paper
"Not too far from this enormous chapel, one can find a single, huge window divided into horizontal tiers of transom windows which help to illuminate the whole interior.
"Overall, this beautiful building must have been a very popular gathering place for worshippers from all levels of English society, even the English peasantry who usually lived in mud huts or cheaply-constructed wooden houses and could find some form of sanctuary within the walls of Salisbury away from all the poverty and starvation that characterized the typical Medieval village or town.
"In Germany, the Church of St. Elizabeth at Marburg, built between 1233 and 1283 A.D., .."
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The Promise of the Suburbs, 2008.
This paper explores the power of the suburban ideal upon the modern American consciousness.
969 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the history of the American dream of home ownership that was realized with the advent of Levittown, or small, suburban planned communities. The paper discusses how these suburban communities allowed individuals to have a sense of personal space, be away from their extended families and nearby neighbors and escape the grime, enforced ethnicity or closed nature of many urban communities. The paper highlights that Americans' aspirations to shape their lives by changing their physical environment reveals much about the American subconscious.
From the Paper
"To understand the power of the suburban ideal upon the modern American consciousness it is necessary to go far back in American history, even before the ideal of "Leave it to Beaver" became the benchmark of wholesomeness in the American cultural mindset. The photographs of Jacob Riis of tenement life during the turn of the 20th century are a powerful testimony to the cramped, dehumanized conditions of individuals living in urban locations, the result of rapid urbanization and a rapid rise in immigration. Even in the 19th century, as America was only beginning to industrialize, the ideal of the suburban homesteader proclaimed that finding one's own patch of land, rather than renting and dwelling in close proximity to other people in a rented space was the only true, right way to live."
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The Colosseum, 2008.
A description of the history and background of the Colosseum in Rome.
1,572 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper describes and discusses the Colosseum in Rome. More specifically, the paper provides a history and a physical description of the Colosseum as well as a discussion of how the ancient Romans used the structure and an explanation of the source of its name and its usage today. The paper includes a summary of the research in the conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Superlatives quickly fail when describing the Colosseum. The encyclopedic entry for the Colosseum (2004) reports that it is a four-storied oval measuring 617 feet (188 meters) by 512 feet (156 meters), much of which is remains standing today; the building featured a tier on tier design comprised of marble seats that could accommodate about 45,000 spectators; in addition, the Colosseum encloses an arena measuring 250 feet (76 meters) by 151 feet (46 meters) and gladiatorial combats were held there until AD 404 (The Colosseum 357). The Temple of Venus and Rome faced the Colosseum (Robathan 84). According to this author (1950), "Recent investigation reveals that there was no colonnade on the side facing the Colosseum. Beneath the platform at that end where the temple stood high above the level of the Colosseum valley a series of rooms has been found."
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Strategic Planning in the Built Environment Sector, 2008.
A discussion on effective strategic management in the built environment sector.
2,344 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper evaluates the use of strategic planning concepts, frameworks and processes in the built environment sector. The paper does this by balancing the need for accurately interpreting and responding to market conditions on the one hand with the internal prioritization of strategic investments to ensure competitiveness in the coming years on the other hand. The paper then explains that this balancing act is not well suited to many built environment sector organizations whose cultures are dominated by a short-term and project-centric approach to accomplishing objectives. Next, the paper uses the Ansoff Matrix, The Boston Consulting Group Growth/Share Matrix and accompanying 'experience effect' as the foundations for making recommendations as how built environment sector organizations can increase the effectiveness of their strategic planning processes.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Using the Ansoff Matrix as a Strategic Planning Tool
The BCG Matrix in the Built Environment Sector
Summary
From the Paper
"The BCG Matrix is primarily focused on the resource allocation decisions companies need to make between competing products and strategies. For the built environment sector, this strategic planning framework is well-suited for the coordinating and synchronizing of strategic plans throughout an organization as one of its core concepts is the allocation of resources between varying business units or in the case of this specific industry, projects. The Boston Consulting Group specifically calls the ability of organizations to learn and embed processes into their organizations the experience effect (Henderson, 1970, 1972). While the BCG Matrix has achieved notoriety for its graphical definition of business unit positions relative to market growth and market share, the more valuable insights are actually in the quantifying of the experience effect dropping costs as a result of greater market share being attained."
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The Timber-Framed Building, 2008.
This paper discusses false perceptions about timber-framed buildings.
3,744 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that despite their time-tested and proven positive points, a number of false perceptions continue to challenge truths regarding the timber-framed building. The writer purports that repeated strokes of correct information can figuratively fell or cut down even the most dense deceptions depicting the worth of timber-framed buildings. During the course of this study, this researcher counters false perceptions and confirms the correct conception that timber does not easily rot, decay and deteriorate. In fact, the writer concludes that even after extended periods of time, the durability and superior quality of timber when used as a building material can be repeatedly validated. The paper includes color figures.
Outline:
Chapter 1
Introduction
Correcting False Perceptions
Origin, Defects and Properties of Timber
Defects in Timber
Properties of Timber
Strength
Thermal Insulation
Thermal Movement
Density
Chemical Resistance
Fire Resistance and the Behavior of Timber in Fires
Chapter II
Embodied Energy Explained
Examples of Timber-Framed Buildings Built in The Past
Chapter III
Conclusion
Challenging Contentions Confirm
From the Paper
"To better understand some of the general misconceptions about timber, this researcher presents an in-depth look at the origin and properties of timber, along with possible defects likely to reduce strength and stability in timber. Timber evolves from wood, a natural product derived from trees, and in some instances, from fibrous plants. As forests cover more than one-third of the world's land surface and approximately 8% of Britain, it is readily available.
"Consequently, timber proves to be a popular building material. When wood is cut and in many instances, pressed, it becomes lumber and timber which form boards, planks and numerous other products. These products, in turn, become generic building materials which may be used for almost any type of structure in the majority of world climates and environmental situations. "
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Physical Planning, 2008.
This paper defines and studies issues related to physical planning.
6,463 words (approx. 25.9 pages), 30 sources, APA, $ 149.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the theoretical issues in physical planning and its role in upgrading traditional rural industries. The discussion focuses on several issues including the conceptual differences between physical, urban, regional and rural development planning. In addition, the research also examines the correlation between physical planning and economic development along with various issues related to core facilities and secondary facilities. The investigation then concentrates upon the role of physical planning in industrial development and several issues are examined.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Definition of Physical Planning
Brief Examination Conceptual Differences among Physical, Urban, Regional and Rural Development Planning
Physical Planning and Economic Development
Content and Objectives of Physical Planning
Core Facilities
Secondary Facilities
Physical Planning in Industrial Development
Role of Physical Planning in Industrial Development
Role of Physical in Upgrading Traditional Small Scale Industries
Issues in Physical Planning Designs, Constraints, Obstacles
Challenges to Implementation of Physical Planning Schemes
From the Paper
"Indeed, physical planning is vital to the economic and social growth of nations. When physical planning is absent the population of a nation or a region may suffer greatly as it relates to their quality of life. In addition, economic and social development can be stifled because the necessary infrastructure such s hospitals, schools and industry are not available. Without the needed infrastructure a nation or a region does not have the capacity to sustain itself socially or economically and is often dependent upon nations that have the type of infrastructure that allows them to proper socially and economically development. Now that we have provided a definition of physical planning, the next section of the discussion will focus on conceptual differences associated with physical, urban, regional and rural development planning."
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Mission San Francisco de Asis (Dolores), 2008.
Looks at the archeology, architecture and history surrounding the Mission San Francisco de Asis (Dolores).
3,800 words (approx. 15.2 pages), 21 sources, MLA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the Mission San Francisco de Asis or Mission Dolores, located at nearly the geographic center of what is now San Francisco. The paper relates that the Mission is one of 21 of the original Spanish Missions constructed to foster Spanish control over the region and it is the oldest intact nave structure in California and the oldest building in San Francisco, having survived the 1906 earthquake. The paper also points out that this location is said to be the original site of a Native0American village of the Ohlone Nation called Chutchui. Additionally, the paper describes the rich fusion of Spanish, Mexican and American history surrounding this mission. Two photographs are included with the paper.
From the Paper
"The cemetery has never been desecrated but has had regional periodical re-internment and moving of bodies for various city projects. The rich history of some of those interred is of course limited to the white, as this was what was of interest to the people in the 19th century, when many of the local interest stories about the cemetery became popular. Famous governors of California and renegades of the region are buried there in addition to the Native burials and the friars of the Franciscan order who toiled and died there."
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Construction Management, 2008.
This paper presents a research study regarding the need for construction management.
753 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the need for construction management has never been more critical than in the present for construction projects and in fact due to technological advances the construction manager's realm is one that has greatly diversified. The paper then presents research that clearly demonstrates that the need exists for highly educated, trained and qualified construction project management more than ever before due to issues of safety and security. The paper also relates that the purpose of the study is to research and examine construction management and to gain an understanding of how the needs and demands in construction project management have changed as compared to historical and traditional construction management.
Outline:
Statement of Thesis
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Significance of the Study
Methodology
Literature Review
Findings of the Study
Recommendations for Research
From the Paper
"First the project must be organized prior to design and construction and while the project is ongoing the project manager will have considerations of labor, material, and equipment utilization. Cost estimation will be important as well as the economic evaluation of facilities and investments and the financing of the facilities to be construction. Other considerations include construction pricing and contracting and fundamental scheduling procedures as well as more advanced scheduling techniques. The project manager as well must consider cost-control, cost-monitoring and cost-accounting during the term of the construction project. Other considerations in project management include quality control and safety during construction and finally the organization and use of project information."
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R. Buckminster Fuller, 2008.
A look at the life and work of architect R. Buckminster Fuller.
1,005 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that R. Buckminster Fuller was inarguably one of the most important visionaries of the 20th century - if not one of the most misunderstood and least appreciated. It looks at how he was a veritable guru of design, architecture, and alternative modes of living.
From the Paper
"Around this time, Fuller began working at the legendary North Carolina school, Black Mountain College, alongside such major avant-garde figures as John Cage and Charles Olson. This is where he would begin work on his most famous project, the geodesic dome. He would go on to construct one of the earliest models of the dome at Bennington College in 1945. Four years later, Fuller managed to construct the first geodesic dome in the world - an amazing feat of architecture, in that the building was able to sustain its own weight without limits. The dome was about fourteen feet in diameter. It was made out of vinyl plastic skin and aluminum aircraft tubing. It was molded into the form of a tetrahedron. "
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