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The Stepped Pyramid of Djoser, 2005.
An examination of the great Step-Pyramid of Djoser, designed by Imhotep and the belief system it represented.
1,240 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper asserts that the ancient Egyptian sage Imhotep has two unique claims to fame: 1) he provides historians with the best documented instance of the deification of a man, and 2) he is the first known individual of genius. In a truly ironic fashion, the mortal man who designed the Great Step Pyramid as a tomb for the godlike Pharaoh Djoser was transformed into a god almost 2,000 years later and became the Egyptian god of healing. This paper provides an overview of the sage and vizier, Imhotep, the Great Step-Pyramid and its reflection of the belief systems in place at the time. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion. The paper includes a photograph of the pyramid.
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Imhotep
Step Pyramid of Djoser and Its Reflection of the Belief System
Personal Reasons for Selecting This Topic
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In sum, it is certainly not an exaggeration to describe the Step Pyramid as a one of the most remarkable architectural works produced by the ancient Egyptians. "That later generations regarded it with exceptional esteem is dear, not only from the veneration which they accorded to Imhotep, but also from hieratic graffiti on the passage walls of the southern building, which record the admiration felt by some Egyptians who visited the monument more than a thousand years after it was built" (Edwards 1955:63). In fact, no other known pyramid has been found with the same quantity of imposing buildings designed specifically to supply the needs of the king in his after-life. In their stead, the kings who ruled two dynasties later were satisfied with pictorial representations simply carved in relief."
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Office Design.
This paper reviews literature on office design and then applies it to a specific project to redesign an office at Vartest Laboratory Office.
4,755 words (approx. 19.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 122.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that office design, which evolved post WWII and was influenced by the Burolandschaft movement in Germany, has changed drastically with the advent of personal computer systems, creating the need for more desk space lighting to reduce the glare on computer screens. The author points out that office design theory recommends color schemes combining blues and creams, which gives the office a calming, airy affect and creates an environment that is appealing to customers and is comfortable and calming to employees. The paper reports the results of an employee survey revealed that the employees were dissatisfied with their work environment and wanted the office to be renovated because the appearance of the office was unprofessional, the office furniture was uncomfortable, the color scheme not satisfying and the kitchen area was unacceptable. Tables, graphs. Questionnaire included.
Table of Contents
Review of Project Purpose
Major Findings
Recommendation for Implementation
Introduction
Problem Identification
Literature Review
Historical Changes in Office Design
The Importance of Ergonomics in Office Design
The impact of lighting
Impression Management
The Impact of Office Design on Productivity
Color Schemes and Gender
Gender and the Meaning of Color in Interior Environments
Livability Factor
Organization Factors
Symptomatic Factors
Data Collection/Analysis
Survey on Vartest Office Appearance
From the Paper
"As a result of the information provided by the literature review, we can make several recommendations concerning the renovation of the Vartest Laboratory Office. First, management must recognize that the way that the office looks leaves an impression on customers and employees. If the office looks unprofessional, it will not attract the ideal customers. In addition, an office that is poorly designed will cause employees to question whether they are valued by the company. In addition, the company must make a concerted effort to understand that the workplace is a social environment and people's behavior will coincide with the design of that environment."
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Antonio Gaudi, 2004.
An analysis of Spanish architect, Antonio Gaudi, and his connections to his birthplace, Barcelona.
4,010 words (approx. 16.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Barcelona's famous architect, Antonio Gaudi. The intrinsic relationship between the city and the architect is explored in the paper. The paper presents a brief biography of Gaudi and examines the general characteristics, influences, and styles of his work and creations. The paper describes three of Gaudi's many projects in Barcelona: the Sacred Family (La Sacrada Familia), La Pedrera (Casa Mila), and the Guell Park.
From the Paper
"As some who has visited Barcelona, one would perhaps always remember the historical area around Los Ramblas, the old Gothic Cathedral or the Olympic Stadium, as well as the special charm of the city, proud in its Catalan spirit, but there is little chance that something is likely to impress you more than the presence of Antoni Gaudi in the city, his modernist creations, his dedication to the city and, even more so, the intrinsic relationship between the city and the architect. Indeed, Gaudi has only worked and created in Barcelona and the city represented to Gaudi something that Aix-en Provence was for another artistic genius, Cezanne : place of inspiration and artistic evolution, but probably also the only place where the interior effervescence could be properly exploited."
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Le Corbusier, 2005.
A look at the architect, Le Corbusier, and whether he is a modernist or post-modernist.
1,875 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper examines whether the French architect, Le Corbusier, was modernist or post-modernist in his style. The writer explains and analyzes the definition of these styles and concludes that Le Corbusier's style of architecture in essentially modern in that it adheres to the foundational concepts of modernism. It explains that his emphasis on functionality is particularly modernist in that it subverts and reshapes the past, but still adheres to the principles of form, functionality, and order.
From the Paper
"Basically, the design of the ground floor is quite similar to the Villa Savoye. This can be seen in that the design uses massive pilotis to make the whole building distanced from the ground as well as creating a free place for other uses such as a car park. The free area underneath the house was used for circulation and parking, as well as the entrance, elevators, and janitor's closet. (Alexander Tzonis, 2001) Also, no historical precedents and ornaments were used. The building was constructed mainly out of reinforced concrete, ...the Unite revealed its cellular structure through the use of concrete sun-baffle balconies and canopies projecting from the main body of the building. (Kenneth Frampton, 1992) large windows were installed in every apartment, giving a full view of the landscape. "Unspoiled views of the unfolding grounds, light breezes blowing freely over the soil without being blocked and sustained ecological conditions were also required." (Alexander Tzonis, 2001)"
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The Railroad Station of Belmar, New Jersey.
This paper presents the history of the Railroad Station of Belmar, New Jersey, situated on the New Jersey Peninsula, as a potential site for preservation.
2,105 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the value of historic structures in this area is lucrative in terms of investment of any type and secure in terms of return-investment through return business in the form of tourists. The author stresses that the borough of Belmar and the surrounding and outlying areas are rich in the areas of science, military, government, social history, and architectural history. The paper concludes that, due to the small area of land that composes the borough of Belmar, the age of the building that constitutes the Belmar Railway Station, the location of the station, the going price of real estate in the area of Belmar on the Jersey Coast, and the immeasurable historical value of the station, any expenditures toward the preservation of the architectural structure of the nearly 100-year old station is a sound investment and should be strongly considered as a place of designation for historic structure grants. Many illustrations.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Objective
A Town of Many Names
The History of Belmar
Belmar: The Beginning
Significance of Historical Value of Train Station in Belmar
Belmar: Unique in many Areas of Development
The Train Station in Belmar
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Jersey Shoreline is home of the boardwalk with something for everyone from fishing to swimming as well as being inclusive of Victorian walking tours and many other delights as sandcastle contests, waterfront promenades, chowder festivals, band concerts, and countless other tourist delights. There are paddleboat cruises along the Jersey shoreline and Belmar is the host of the annual New Jersey Seafood Festival that takes place each summer, which draws a crowd of tourists in the form of both families as well as college-aged individuals. Belmar's beaches are wide and Belmer is one of the main charter-fishing industries in the area being located on Shark River."
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The Shah Faisal Mosque.
This paper describes in detail the author's visit to Shah Faisal mosque in Islamabad, Pakistan, and discusses Muslim prayer.
2,110 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in the Shah Faisal Mosque (or Masjid), one of the most beautiful mosques in the world, the Qiblah wall is very beautifully decorated with glazed tiles. The dome of the mosque has a huge golden crescent on it, the grand chandelier is spellbinding, and beautiful reflection pools add to the beauty of the mosque. The author reports that he was surprised to see that there are not any seats in the mosque, which is very distinct from a church. All Muslims sit on the floor, using a prayer mat, and are treated as equals in the mosque and in prayer. The paper reports that no one talked during the prayers because, during prayers, they are supposed to be facing God and praying to Him; no one made any prayer movements before the Imam finished his.
From the Paper
"There is a wall inside the mosque called the Qiblah. This is where the wall faces the city of Makkah. All mosques have the Qiblah. It lets people know that they are standing in the right direction to pray to God. I also found out that the minaret is a symbol of olden times. They were made so that people could hear the call of prayers called the azaan. There is a crescent moon on the dome, which indicates the direction of Makkah."
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Medieval Art and Architecture, 2004.
An analysis of medieval art and architecture.
1,526 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the notion that architects and artists working in medieval Europe borrowed ideas from all the cultures surrounding the Mediterranean or coming across the central European mountain ranges. The paper presents examples of this cross-culturalism, with a focus on Islam being the most influential of the cultural donors to medieval art and architecture. The paper contends that, although these examples do not definitively trace any single aspect of Islam into Western ecclesiastical art, they do serve as an indication that it is impossible to consider any medieval art, no matter how isolated we think Europe of the Middle Ages must have been, without considering the very substantial trade, not to mention wars and incursions, that made the traditions of one culture available to the others.
From the Paper
"In addition, the precursors of Islamic art and architecture?elements that continued to inform their vision throughout their expansion into Spain and later, via their export to ?corporate? Europe by returning Crusaders?cannot be surgically removed from any consideration of so-called Islamic influences on medieval European art and architecture. Rather, they must be viewed as a substrate that upheld the Islamic vision by virtue of continuous adherence in the society in which Islam was born, and therefore as an unbroken line into the monastic traditions of medieval Europe. It was, moreover, the monastic tradition that formed the bedrock on which all other medieval art and architecture achievements were based; the monasteries were the repositories, after all, of the learning that would otherwise have been lost."
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Bauhaus, 2004.
This paper discusses the design movement called Bauhaus, which was initiated by German architect Walter Gropius in Wiemar, Germany, in 1919.
940 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Walter Gropius applied classical architectural techniques to design theory, believing that there is no essential difference between the artist and the craftsman. Thereby, he introduced a completely new set of design principles called Bauhaus to art and crafts. The author points out that, though the Bauhaus movement was inspired by Cubism and Minimalism in design, it was still a unique, revolutionary movement. Some of the key features of this movement included less emphasis on detail and more on economic use of space. The paper relates that Bauhaus popularized functional design, a technique that focused specifically on the major functions of everything, including buildings, textiles, tables, and lamps to make them more easily accessible and usable. Color illustrations.
From the Paper
"Bauhaus artists included such prominent names as Mies van der Rohe, Paul Klee, Wassily Kandinsky and Oskar Schlemmer, who are responsible for bringing dramatic changes in the field of art and design. It is commonly believed that every change in design after the Bauhaus movement is inspired by the principles and techniques of this style. It can be rightly called the mother of all design movements in 20th century because till this day, we can see the impact of Bauhaus in the field of arts, architecture and crafts."
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Roman Architecture, 2005.
An examination of why Roman architecture is considered of such high quality.
846 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the important characteristics of Roman architecture. Ancient Romans introduced many modern and sophisticated techniques in architectural design and were the first people to use concrete in their buildings. The writer explains that this is one reason why most of their buildings have managed to withstand the test of time.
From the Paper
"Roman architecture is considered one of the greatest accomplishments of the Roman Empire because of the lasting impact of its magnificent buildings and sheer grandeur of the architectural designs. Roman architecture finds its roots in the Etruscan architecture of 12 B.C. and was markedly influenced by Greek architectural designs too. But Roman architects brilliantly added and subtracted on the architecture of preceding eras to introduce new unique techniques and established their name firmly in this field. They left an indelible mark on the architectural world with the power of their grand designs and original style."
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The Statue of Liberty, 2004.
A brief overview of the history and architecture of the Statue of Liberty.
831 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The Statue of Liberty is one of the United States' most beloved and recognized symbols. Designed to commemorate the American Declaration of Independence, the statue has a unique and interesting history. This short paper describes the statue's historical significance and outlines the statue's architectural style, construction, and materials.
From the Paper
"During the building stages, a lack of funding impacted the creation of the sculpture. In France, a lottery, and public fees were used to help raise funds for the statue. Art exhibitions, theatrical events, prize fights, and auctions raised funds for the statue within the United States. American Joseph Pulitzer also used the editorial pages of his newspaper to solicit funding among the American middle class (Statue of Liberty.org)."
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Teotihuacan, Ancient Mexico, 2004.
This paper discusses the architecture of Teotihuacan, one of the largest urban centers of the ancient world.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the city of Teotihuacan was situated in the Valley of Mexico, about 50 kilometers to the northeast of modern Mexico City, which began its growth between 200 and 100 B.C., and by around 150 A.D., had an estimated population of over 125,000 people, covering an area of more than 20 square kilometers. The author points out that the geographic location of Teotihuacan provided resources of obsidian and other materials suitable for building, ornamentation, and trade. The paper relates that the surviving buildings of Teotihuacan are of an austere design, using expressive planar surfaces and massive architectonic volumes; the temples are seen as artificial mountains, connecting the people of the city to the sky as the home of the gods and affirming their centrality in the universe. Illustrations.
From the Paper
"The surviving evidence for the city reveals a planned metropolis, with extensive and wide streets and avenues, very large buildings, and regions of religious, administrative and industrial constructions as well as extensive housing. Teotihuac?n reached its peak of size and power between circa 150 A.D. and 700 A.D., the ?Classic? period of Mesoamerican civilization during which period it extended its influence throughout Mesoamerica. It has been called ?the dominant Middle American site of the first half of the Classic era.? "
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Firefighters and Skyscrapers, 2004.
An overview of firefighters concerns over the design and construction of high-rise buildings.
2,310 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to examine why firefighters have voiced concerns regarding the ever-increasing size of skyscrapers. In particular, it looks at how, when the World Trade Centre Twin Towers, which were at the time two of the world's tallest buildings, were completely destroyed by a terrorist attack on September 11, 2001, the event should have raised enough doubt and questions about the future of high-rise safety to put an end to the construction of skyscrapers; yet, after September 11th, the world?s demand for newer and taller structures continued to dramatically increase.
Outline
Table of Content
Introduction
Twin Towers of New York
Building Construction Trends
Truss Construction
Firefighters Structural Analysis
Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix A
Appendix B
From the Paper
"The steel trusses that supported the flooring either melted or simply buckled which in turn released each upper floor down on the next below it and eventually falling completely to the ground. In other words, as the trusses failed, the concrete-slab floors literally plunged downward. When the two jets struck the buildings, the fact that they hit near the towers? tops, the weight of the floors became a force the buildings could not withstand. Although the towers went up easily utilizing these techniques, they were also the eventual cause of the buildings quick demise. The Twin Towers? radically different structural design created a situation where the load-bearing walls simply could not support the weight of the floors."
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