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The Railroad Station of Belmar, New Jersey.
This paper presents the history of the Railroad Station of Belmar, New Jersey, situated on the New Jersey Peninsula, as a potential site for preservation.
2,105 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the value of historic structures in this area is lucrative in terms of investment of any type and secure in terms of return-investment through return business in the form of tourists. The author stresses that the borough of Belmar and the surrounding and outlying areas are rich in the areas of science, military, government, social history, and architectural history. The paper concludes that, due to the small area of land that composes the borough of Belmar, the age of the building that constitutes the Belmar Railway Station, the location of the station, the going price of real estate in the area of Belmar on the Jersey Coast, and the immeasurable historical value of the station, any expenditures toward the preservation of the architectural structure of the nearly 100-year old station is a sound investment and should be strongly considered as a place of designation for historic structure grants. Many illustrations.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Objective
A Town of Many Names
The History of Belmar
Belmar: The Beginning
Significance of Historical Value of Train Station in Belmar
Belmar: Unique in many Areas of Development
The Train Station in Belmar
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Jersey Shoreline is home of the boardwalk with something for everyone from fishing to swimming as well as being inclusive of Victorian walking tours and many other delights as sandcastle contests, waterfront promenades, chowder festivals, band concerts, and countless other tourist delights. There are paddleboat cruises along the Jersey shoreline and Belmar is the host of the annual New Jersey Seafood Festival that takes place each summer, which draws a crowd of tourists in the form of both families as well as college-aged individuals. Belmar's beaches are wide and Belmer is one of the main charter-fishing industries in the area being located on Shark River."
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The Shah Faisal Mosque.
This paper describes in detail the author's visit to Shah Faisal mosque in Islamabad, Pakistan, and discusses Muslim prayer.
2,110 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in the Shah Faisal Mosque (or Masjid), one of the most beautiful mosques in the world, the Qiblah wall is very beautifully decorated with glazed tiles. The dome of the mosque has a huge golden crescent on it, the grand chandelier is spellbinding, and beautiful reflection pools add to the beauty of the mosque. The author reports that he was surprised to see that there are not any seats in the mosque, which is very distinct from a church. All Muslims sit on the floor, using a prayer mat, and are treated as equals in the mosque and in prayer. The paper reports that no one talked during the prayers because, during prayers, they are supposed to be facing God and praying to Him; no one made any prayer movements before the Imam finished his.
From the Paper
"There is a wall inside the mosque called the Qiblah. This is where the wall faces the city of Makkah. All mosques have the Qiblah. It lets people know that they are standing in the right direction to pray to God. I also found out that the minaret is a symbol of olden times. They were made so that people could hear the call of prayers called the azaan. There is a crescent moon on the dome, which indicates the direction of Makkah."
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Medieval Art and Architecture, 2004.
An analysis of medieval art and architecture.
1,526 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the notion that architects and artists working in medieval Europe borrowed ideas from all the cultures surrounding the Mediterranean or coming across the central European mountain ranges. The paper presents examples of this cross-culturalism, with a focus on Islam being the most influential of the cultural donors to medieval art and architecture. The paper contends that, although these examples do not definitively trace any single aspect of Islam into Western ecclesiastical art, they do serve as an indication that it is impossible to consider any medieval art, no matter how isolated we think Europe of the Middle Ages must have been, without considering the very substantial trade, not to mention wars and incursions, that made the traditions of one culture available to the others.
From the Paper
"In addition, the precursors of Islamic art and architecture?elements that continued to inform their vision throughout their expansion into Spain and later, via their export to ?corporate? Europe by returning Crusaders?cannot be surgically removed from any consideration of so-called Islamic influences on medieval European art and architecture. Rather, they must be viewed as a substrate that upheld the Islamic vision by virtue of continuous adherence in the society in which Islam was born, and therefore as an unbroken line into the monastic traditions of medieval Europe. It was, moreover, the monastic tradition that formed the bedrock on which all other medieval art and architecture achievements were based; the monasteries were the repositories, after all, of the learning that would otherwise have been lost."
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Bauhaus, 2004.
This paper discusses the design movement called Bauhaus, which was initiated by German architect Walter Gropius in Wiemar, Germany, in 1919.
940 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Walter Gropius applied classical architectural techniques to design theory, believing that there is no essential difference between the artist and the craftsman. Thereby, he introduced a completely new set of design principles called Bauhaus to art and crafts. The author points out that, though the Bauhaus movement was inspired by Cubism and Minimalism in design, it was still a unique, revolutionary movement. Some of the key features of this movement included less emphasis on detail and more on economic use of space. The paper relates that Bauhaus popularized functional design, a technique that focused specifically on the major functions of everything, including buildings, textiles, tables, and lamps to make them more easily accessible and usable. Color illustrations.
From the Paper
"Bauhaus artists included such prominent names as Mies van der Rohe, Paul Klee, Wassily Kandinsky and Oskar Schlemmer, who are responsible for bringing dramatic changes in the field of art and design. It is commonly believed that every change in design after the Bauhaus movement is inspired by the principles and techniques of this style. It can be rightly called the mother of all design movements in 20th century because till this day, we can see the impact of Bauhaus in the field of arts, architecture and crafts."
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Roman Architecture, 2005.
An examination of why Roman architecture is considered of such high quality.
846 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the important characteristics of Roman architecture. Ancient Romans introduced many modern and sophisticated techniques in architectural design and were the first people to use concrete in their buildings. The writer explains that this is one reason why most of their buildings have managed to withstand the test of time.
From the Paper
"Roman architecture is considered one of the greatest accomplishments of the Roman Empire because of the lasting impact of its magnificent buildings and sheer grandeur of the architectural designs. Roman architecture finds its roots in the Etruscan architecture of 12 B.C. and was markedly influenced by Greek architectural designs too. But Roman architects brilliantly added and subtracted on the architecture of preceding eras to introduce new unique techniques and established their name firmly in this field. They left an indelible mark on the architectural world with the power of their grand designs and original style."
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The Statue of Liberty, 2004.
A brief overview of the history and architecture of the Statue of Liberty.
831 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The Statue of Liberty is one of the United States' most beloved and recognized symbols. Designed to commemorate the American Declaration of Independence, the statue has a unique and interesting history. This short paper describes the statue's historical significance and outlines the statue's architectural style, construction, and materials.
From the Paper
"During the building stages, a lack of funding impacted the creation of the sculpture. In France, a lottery, and public fees were used to help raise funds for the statue. Art exhibitions, theatrical events, prize fights, and auctions raised funds for the statue within the United States. American Joseph Pulitzer also used the editorial pages of his newspaper to solicit funding among the American middle class (Statue of Liberty.org)."
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Teotihuacan, Ancient Mexico, 2004.
This paper discusses the architecture of Teotihuacan, one of the largest urban centers of the ancient world.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the city of Teotihuacan was situated in the Valley of Mexico, about 50 kilometers to the northeast of modern Mexico City, which began its growth between 200 and 100 B.C., and by around 150 A.D., had an estimated population of over 125,000 people, covering an area of more than 20 square kilometers. The author points out that the geographic location of Teotihuacan provided resources of obsidian and other materials suitable for building, ornamentation, and trade. The paper relates that the surviving buildings of Teotihuacan are of an austere design, using expressive planar surfaces and massive architectonic volumes; the temples are seen as artificial mountains, connecting the people of the city to the sky as the home of the gods and affirming their centrality in the universe. Illustrations.
From the Paper
"The surviving evidence for the city reveals a planned metropolis, with extensive and wide streets and avenues, very large buildings, and regions of religious, administrative and industrial constructions as well as extensive housing. Teotihuac?n reached its peak of size and power between circa 150 A.D. and 700 A.D., the ?Classic? period of Mesoamerican civilization during which period it extended its influence throughout Mesoamerica. It has been called ?the dominant Middle American site of the first half of the Classic era.? "
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Firefighters and Skyscrapers, 2004.
An overview of firefighters concerns over the design and construction of high-rise buildings.
2,310 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to examine why firefighters have voiced concerns regarding the ever-increasing size of skyscrapers. In particular, it looks at how, when the World Trade Centre Twin Towers, which were at the time two of the world's tallest buildings, were completely destroyed by a terrorist attack on September 11, 2001, the event should have raised enough doubt and questions about the future of high-rise safety to put an end to the construction of skyscrapers; yet, after September 11th, the world?s demand for newer and taller structures continued to dramatically increase.
Outline
Table of Content
Introduction
Twin Towers of New York
Building Construction Trends
Truss Construction
Firefighters Structural Analysis
Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix A
Appendix B
From the Paper
"The steel trusses that supported the flooring either melted or simply buckled which in turn released each upper floor down on the next below it and eventually falling completely to the ground. In other words, as the trusses failed, the concrete-slab floors literally plunged downward. When the two jets struck the buildings, the fact that they hit near the towers? tops, the weight of the floors became a force the buildings could not withstand. Although the towers went up easily utilizing these techniques, they were also the eventual cause of the buildings quick demise. The Twin Towers? radically different structural design created a situation where the load-bearing walls simply could not support the weight of the floors."
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Urban Sprawl, 2005.
Report on Thomas L. Daniel's book about urban sprawl in America, "When City and Country Collide: Managing Growth in the Metropolitan Fringe".
1,445 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines the key themes and findings within Daniel's book and discusses the relationship between Daniel's book and "Managing Urban America" by David R. Morgan and Robert E. England. The paper also highlights the strengths and weakness of the book and concludes with an overall positive review.
From the Paper
"In When City and Country Collide: Managing Growth in the Metropolitan Fringe, Thomas L. Daniels describes the recent emergence of the rural-urban fringe in a diversity of cities across the United States. Throughout the book, Daniels develops his thesis that the urban fringe has expanded in recent years as residential and commercial development in cities has boomed, and that growth management must be used in order to contain the growth of the urban-rural fringe. Simply put, the urban fringe is that land that is at the border or the urban and rural landscape, taking the place of what was once the suburbs. Pressures from urban development have pushed away traditionally rural industries like mining, agriculture and forestry. The result is the rural-urban fringe, land that sits in the middle between urban development and the rural countryside."
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The Florence Baptistery North Doors, 2004.
An overview of the history behind the design of the north doors of the Florence Baptistery (1400-24).
2,010 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
Lorenzo Ghiberti (1378-1455) was a many-sided Renaissance figure; he was a bronze-caster, sculptor, goldsmith, draughtsman, architect, writer, and historian. Among his most celebrated surviving works are the bronze doors he created for the Baptistery of the Cathedral in Florence. This discusses the circumstances in which Ghiberti secured and completed the commission to design the north doors of the Baptistery (1400-24) and analyzes their composition and character. Ghiberti?s work in Florence is then compared to that of Gianlorenzo Bernini at the Baroque church of Sant? Andrea al Quirinale, Rome (1658-70).
From the Paper
"In late 1400 the officials of the Cloth-Dealers and Refiners? Guild of Florence (the Arte di Calimara) announced a competition to design a set of doors for the Baptistery of the Cathedral. The Baptistery is a very old structure, the primary elements of which probably date to the seventh and eight centuries AD. The exterior covering of marble was constructed in the twelfth century and stood as an exemplar of architectural elegance and harmony. The Baptistery, which is a free-standing octagonal building located in the Piazza San Giovanni at the western end of the Cathedral, has three doors opening to the north, south and east. In the 1330s Andrea Pisano had completed a set of bronze doors for the southern entrance, and the Guild sought to complete the project by fitting similar doors, in bronze and decorated with reliefs, to the other two entrances."
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Fire Safety Management, 2005.
An examination the most critical components of fire safety management.
4,950 words (approx. 19.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 125.95
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Abstract
This paper explores several key concepts related to Fire Safety Management. Specifically, the paper looks at the following concepts in greater detail: Fire protection/suppression systems, building construction, exit drill in the home (EDITH), and other home safety programs.
Introduction
Fire Protection/Suppression Systems
Building Construction ? Fire Proofing
Triangle Shirtwaste Factory Fire 1911
EDITH ? Exit Drills in the Home ? Home Safety Programs
The ?Science? Behind Fire Safety and Protection
Prevention
Conclusions/Recommendations
From the Paper
"Planning and preparation are often the key to safety in the event of a fire or any other emergency. The lessons learned in an emergent situation are often critical to prevention of damage in future emergencies. Fire protection and suppression systems were created with safety in mind; these systems fulfill some basic needs including detection, notification and suppression of fires. Alarm systems are obviously structured to notify occupants of a building in the event that a fire occurs. They also serve to summon the assistance of firefighters should an emergent situation occur. Alarm systems were not always required in commercial manufacturing plants. A majority of older structures in fact had very few protective structures in place to ensure the safety of occupants and firefighters. These standards have changed however in contemporary times. Use of fire alarm systems often goes hand in hand with fire suppression systems, which act to reduce the severity of a fire once started. In some instances, in the case of a small fire, a fire suppression system may be all that is necessary to put a fire out."
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The Iconostasis, 2004.
This paper discusses the iconostasis, a feature of church architecture, which developed during the Byzantine period and later in Russia.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that one of the most unique and forthright features of the Greek Church, the iconostasis, a screen running from wall-to-wall and decorated with icons, is the prime causal factor to differentiate the architecture of a Greek Orthodox church from Roman and Latin churches. The author points out that the most frequently used icon in the sketch of the Greek Byzantine iconostasis is ?The Crucifix with Mary and John?, whereas, the most frequent icon in the sketch of the Russian Orthodox iconostasis is a simple cross at the top.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Emergence of the Iconostasis as a Consistent Theme in Byzantine Orthodox Churches
Influences that Impacted the Emergence of the Iconostasis in the East Orthodox Churches
Salient Features of the Greek Orthodox Churches and How Their Iconostasis Spread to Russia
Listing [by Frequency] of Icons in the Sketch of the Greek Byzantine Iconostasis
Russian Iconostasis of the Orthodox Church Established during the 17th?19th Centuries
Listing [by Frequency] of Icons in the Sketch of the Russian Orthodox Iconostasis
The Relevance of Iconoclasts as Perceived by St. John of Damascus and Pavel Florensky
Conclusion (s)
From the Paper
"It would also be noteworthy to here acknowledge that even before being influenced by oriental trends in concern to the iconostasis early Greek Churches had a minor fence about waist high or lower, that divided the altar from the people. Naught more than an essential barrier or columns, it was common for this fence to be adorned with pictures of the saints at the top. This barrier, invariably comprised of columns at the top of which the pictures were affixed, can be idealized as the first instance of the iconoclast within the interior of the church. Gradually and eventually, the iconostasis evolved from a rather unexceptional separating fence into a ?a great screen or partition running from side to side of the apse or across the entire end of the church?. The iconostasis eventually came to completely obscure the altar as well as the sanctuary from the portion of the church where the worshippers are located. Solid materials, such as stone, wood and metal began to be employed in the construction of iconostasis and the final version, which is still seen today, had three doors within it. The center door, known as the royal door, leads directly to the altar while the doors to the right and left are respectively the deacon's door and the door leading to the area of the preparation of liturgy."
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