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Arts and Crafts Movement, 1993.
A look at the philosophy of the architectural school of the late 19th century and the views of the proponents John Ruskin, Louis Sullivan and Augustus Welby Pugin.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 47.95
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"Architecture and Morality
Architects Auguste Welby Pugin, John Ruskin, Louis Sullivan, and the protagonists of the Arts and Crafts Movement would have disagreed with the statement, "Architecture and morality have nothing in common." It is the purpose of this paper to explore the philosophies associated with these architects and the Arts and Crafts Movement and their relationship to the above statement.
The Arts and Crafts movement began as a mid-Victorian reaction to the ugliness and inequality caused by industrialization. It was a sacred search, a quest for a return to quiet beauty, simplicity, and honest craftsmanship (Anscombe, 1981, p. 7). Architecture was seen as a reflection of the health of the society. In the 1880s the designers who chose to..."
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Church Decorations in European Areas Beyond Byzantine Control, 1993.
A look at examples, styles and themes.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 47.95
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"Byzantine Influences: Church Decorations in Areas Outside Byzantine Control
Among the churches outside the territories of Byzantine political control, many show some degree of the Byzantine style of church decoration, as well as some alterations due to local influence. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss in detail six works of art from outside of the areas of Byzantine rule and the degree of Byzantine influence and departure from it.
St. Mark's in Venice dates from the years of 1063 to 1095. Its architectural plan is that of the cruciform--one dome at the crossing and one on each of the arms of the cross, one of the most important plans for churches developed by the architects of Justinian (Rice 98). The St. Mark's is the most important surviving example of this cruciform type of architectural design."
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Medieval Dome, 1992.
Discusses the evolution of structure from the 6th Cent. A.D. in the Byzantine Empire, focusing on the Hagia Sophia dome and examining innovations, design, materials, styles and examples.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 13 sources, $ 111.95
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"This paper will be concerned with the evolution of the dome in the medieval period. The medieval dome first rose to prominence during the sixth century A.D. in the Byzantine Empire. At that time, the Byzantine Emperor Justinian ordered the construction of Hagia Sophia. Domes had existed before that time, as can be seen in the second-century design of the Pantheon in Rome (Janson 258). With Hagia Sophia, however, the dome was given greater importance than ever before. The dome of Hagia Sophia was certainly the largest and most impressive one yet. Its architects, Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus, achieved a remarkable effect through their innovative use of structure and space. As claimed by the Byzantine historian Procopius, the structure of Hagia Sophia "seems not to rest upon solid masonry, but to cover the space with its golden dome ..."
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Trinity College Dublin, 1992.
An architectural study, examining style, structure, design, site, organization and aesthetics.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, $ 63.95
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"A present Fellow of Trinity once observed that the architecture of the College reminded him of the music of Handel. One sees this at once .. the beautiful West Front, the porticos of Sir William Chambers in the Front Square, the gracious lines of classical architecture (Maxwell, 1956, p. 1).
Professor Constantia Maxwell, professor at and historian of Trinity College Dublin, chose to begin her history of the College with a reference to its stately architecture, with its eighteenth.century neoclassical restraint, which she goes on to contrast to the turbulent late sixteenth century, in which the College was founded.
Indeed, the architecture of the College is what first and most directly impresses the visitor. Its academic tradition is ..."
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Islam and Art, 1992.
Discusses the impact of the Islamic religion on its architecture, calligraphy and images.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"This study will examine the ways in which the religion of Islam is clearly reflected in its arts.
At the heart of Islam is the same monotheism which marks Judaism, and it is no surprise to discover that, as Pal writes, there are important parallels between Islam and Judaism with respect to their views on art. Pal writes that "As a religion Islam did not develop an artistic or iconographic tradition as Christianity or Buddhism did, but rather remained closer to Judaism in its emphasis upon the abstract" (Pal, 1973, p. 9).
There has been some misunderstanding with respect to the Islamic attitude toward imagery in art. Richardson writes that "Decorations in mosques such as the Islamic Center are confined to calligraphy and geometric designs. Islam forbids any art that depicts the human figure including that of Prophet Muhammad. Any ..."
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Greek Temples, 1992.
Examines the development of Greek architecture and influences of Egypt, Persia and Crete.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, $ 63.95
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"The purpose of this research is to examine the Oriental influences on the development of Greek temple architecture. The plan of the research will be to set forth the context in which Greek temple architecture attained its highest form, and then to explore the scholarly debate on the origins of such architecture in a manner that has the effect of showing the extent and kind of influence upon the perfection of geometric and monumental structures that may have come from more archaic civilizations in Persia and Crete, but especially from Egypt.
To understand the extent of Oriental influences on the emergence of Greek temple architecture, it is important to realize what any such influences might have wrought. In this connection, an important term that is used repeatedly throughout the literature of classical Greek architecture is Doric Order. An ..."
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The Dome in Roman and Renaissance Architecture, 1992.
An analysis of renaissance architecture, with an emphasis on St. Peter's Basilica and Hagia Sophia.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 7 sources, $ 119.95
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"The Basilica of Saint Peter
Saint Peter's Church, Basilica of St. Peter, is the largest church in the world; located in the Vatican, Rome, over the grave of Peter the Apostle; has 29 alters in addition to the high alter. Interior length, 615 ft; width at front, 87 ft; length of transept 450 ft. First consecrated in 326 A.D.; rebuilt with many changes in plans, among which was Bramante's, which was later changed from a Greek cross to a Latin cross ground plan. After 1547, construction was under the direction of Michelangelo, who designed the dome, which has a diameter of 138 ft and a height of 404 ft to the top of the lantern; consecrated in 1626.
Hagia Sophia, is an outstanding example of Byzantine architecture (Constantinople); originally built as a church by..."
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Glass Pyramid, 1992.
An analysis of the 1988 Paris edifice by the Chinese-American architect I.M. Pei at the entrance to Louvre Museum.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 12 sources, $ 127.95
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"This paper will be concerned with the Glass Pyramid, which is located at the entrance to the Louvre Museum in Paris. Unveiled in 1988, the Glass Pyramid was designed by the esteemed Chinese-American architect I. M. Pei. This structure is an important work because it provides an example of the introduction of modern architecture into a historic context. The Louvre has existed since the late 12th century A.D., and it has undergone many architectural changes over the course of the years. As a result of these changes, the buildings of the Louvre complex show a variety of different architectural styles. Pei's Glass Pyramid adds an element of modernism to this conglomeration of historical styles. As such, it helps to bring the Louvre up to date. An important feature of the Glass Pyramid is that it modernizes the Louvre without detracting from the beauty of the historic..."
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Philip C. Johnson, 1992.
An analysis of the development of the architect's work, style, experimentation and influence.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 11 sources, $ 39.95
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"The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of the work of Philip C. Johnson on the architecture of today. The plan of the research will be to set forth the context in which Johnson's architectural designs emerged in the twentieth century, and then to discuss the elements of Johnson's approach that may be said to reach importance vis-a-vis the general scheme of architectural development in the contemporary period.
Johnson's work is widely acknowledged to be firmly modernist in character. His initial ten years of work in the architectural field saw him function as a commentator and architectural curator at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, a strong advocate of the shift toward modern, simple, cool architectural lines and materials such as glass and steel. This embrace of the modern style in architectural projects persisted from 1942, the year of..."
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German Architecture, 1992.
A brief examination ofsome 19th century developments in German architecture focusing on the early 20th century rise of the Bauhaus school under Gropius and later Van der Rahe.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, $ 39.95
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"Germany - Architecture
Architecture in the nineteenth century was not stylistically unified. There was a nostalgia for the past which resulted in a revival of a number of styles, another link with the Renaissance period. Karl Freidrich Schinkel was the most important early Romantic architect. There was a Gothic revival in this era that was seen by critic John Ruskin as opposed to the evils of capitalism and as symbolic of the freedom allowed to medieval artisans (Lucie-Smith 375). After 1830 European design and fashion had imitated historical styles in an archaeological, patriotic, and bourgeois manner. In Germany, new ideas derived from engineering, and a revolutionary industrial aesthetic were introduced around 1900. Yet these ideas were only hesitantly accepted. Jugendstil was the German version of Art Nouveau..."
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| Term Paper # 18801 |
temporarily unavailable
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The Architecture of Great Britain, 1991.
This paper examines some of the major historical developments in British architecture, from Inigo Jones in the 17th century through Sir Charles Barry in the early 19th century.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 39.95
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"The architecture of Great Britain has a long history, and over that history architecture has ranged from the simplest hovel to the most elaborate palace. The first architect of the English Renaissance was Inigo Jones. He went to Italy twice, once in 1600 and again in 1613; he returned a thoroughgoing Palladian, and not a follower of the Early Baroque. He built a Banqueting Hall at Whitehall in London that conforms in every respect to the principles embodied in Palladio's treatise, though it does not copy any specific building by Palladio. The building is rather symmetrical, self-sufficient, and more like a Renaissance palazzo than any other building above the Alps. The style of Jones is supported by Palladio's authority as a theorist, and it stood as a beacon of classicist orthodoxy in ... "
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