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Imamura's "The Pornographers" and Japanese Culture, 2008.
A review of the psyche of the protagonist in Shohei Imamura's film, "The Pornographers."
1,710 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Shohei Imamura's most well-known film outside of Japan, the 1966 film, "The Pornographers." It views the film from the perspective of a series of interlocking journeys through the psyche of the protagonist. The paper suggests that the journey that Imamura's protagonist takes through this often nonlinear narrative structure is what makes the story so compelling, both as a film and as an example of Japanese culture in the middle of the 20th century.
From the Paper
"The closure to Ogata's long and oftentimes nonlinear psychic journey comes when Ogata makes a life-sized "sex doll," at the cost of great time and effort, in a vain hope to cure his (no doubt psychologically-induced) impotence. This is a powerful image in the film, and shows as well as anything else the transformation of the character's inner obsession into outer, material manifestations. On the surface, it seems that Ogata has reached his final destination: in leaving the real world with real women, he continues to suffer from flashbacks and his lifelong isolation and masochistic traumas seem no closer to resolution. Yet he continues to manipulate his appetite for sex, as if Imamura were using Ogata to make the statement that such primal appetites are in fact fundamental and unavoidable. As he drifts out to sea in his boat, the audience must sense a new and final journey has begun."
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Women's Experience in Modern East Asian Literature, 2008.
An analysis of women's subjective experience in modern East Asian literature, particularly in Japan.
1,051 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how, in Japan, women's literature since the late 19th century, has had particular forms expected whereby the woman who writes from her heart and reports details of life is seen as less significant than the woman whose work somehow complies with established traditions of form, subject and genre. The paper provides examples from East Asian literature to support its arguments.
From the Paper
"It is as though women's subjectivity, in their authentic expression, must crack through barriers of slightly different kinds, as both societies need to take on a new understanding of how women fit into literature and ideas. In the meantime, a wise approach is one of reading Chinese or Japanese works by women as direct accounts, trying to put aside preceding forms, concentrating on what the writer is trying to convey, more than the nature of her environment or the social or political environment. One knows that the women, not the Chinese outlook or the Japanese society's sexism, will be seen as problematic, as is well understood by women writers in both countries. Whatever appears will be assessed in relation to how well it fits with a tradition to have gone before and with criticism likely of that which diverges. Many things have not been good about women's experience in modern China or Japan at different times or in particular situations. At the same time, many things have been appreciable, as needs to be kept in mind by non-East Asian readers who may be quick to criticize the societies described or the condition or women within them. It is tremendously important that women in both China and Japan be encouraged to express themselves, as individuals, so that women's literature in both countries can be seen for its different vantage points and ideas."
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The Hundred Flowers Campaign, 2008.
This paper explores the true motivations behind Mao's Hundred Flowers Campaign (1956 - 1957) in the Republic of China.
1,895 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the Hundred Flowers Campaign in the Republic of China and argues that, although the purported motivations were to strengthen socialism by encouraging criticism, the real motivation was to strengthen Mao's position by finding out who his enemies were, and eliminating them. The paper then shows how Mao achieved several political goals with his ruthless, clever scheme which he utilized to maintain his power.
From the Paper
"The Hundred Flowers Campaign (1956 - 1957) was a very atypical incident in the history of the Republic of China. On the surface, it was framed as an attempt by the rulers of the country, especially Mao Zedong, to facilitate free communication of dissenting ideas and criticism of the ruling Communist Party (CP). Clearly this was atypical, in that the CP prior to 1956, and subsequent to 1957, has been notoriously intolerant of criticism. The incongruity of this has prompted many to question Mao's sincerity. Was the Hundred Flowers Campaign a sincere attempt to enable the people to have a say in the running of the CP and the direction of socialism, or was it a cynical ruse to expose dissidents?"
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Poverty in the People's Republic of China, 2008.
An analysis of the implications of poverty in the People's Republic of China, particularly in urban areas.
4,089 words (approx. 16.4 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 110.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the poverty in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and its implications. The paper particularly focuses on urban poverty compared to rural poverty and the general feeling among the people in PRC regarding the two. It then looks at the political repercussions of the poverty in the PRC and the repression of dissent with regards to the poor.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Two Principal Opinions
Timeless, Ominous Signs
Urban Poverty
'Poverty Eradication' in the PRC
Political Repercussions of Poverty
Repression of Dissent and the Poor
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Dissent is alive and well in the contemporary PRC, much done to break up public displays of dissent, in very old methods of deterrence rooted in policing, courts and the prison system, presented to the literate public as ensuring safety when, in fact, assuring regime safety. Chinese to benefit from liberalization are rarely inclined to question what is occurring in the countryside, content to see the urban poor kept at bay. Many might regard the situation differently, as observed by foreign journalists, certainly, if able to recognize the potential threat of millions alienated completely from the economically advanced society, some able to draw parallels between the present and centuries of other Chinese misrule to perpetuate such disparities. As the topic of Chinese poverty indicates, democratization is not likely, any day soon, in the People's Republic of China. Indeed, policies and approaches of the state have systematically pushed millions of citizens beyond the existing political system, far from the ideals of inclusion and participation that might suggest a possible shift towards democratic institutions."
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The Economy of Malaysia, 2008.
This paper discusses the economic performance of Malaysia since 1997.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, prior to the 1997/1998 Asian financial crisis, Malaysia's economy had been experiencing much of the same growth and expansion as most other Asian tigers. The author points out that Malaysia's reaction and recovery following the Asian financial crisis was unique because Malaysia refused to participate in bailout programs by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The paper relates that, in the aftermath of the crisis and in the years following, Malaysia reasserted political and governmental control over its economic structures by discontinuing its currency trading and instituting severe controls over its capital markets, which prevented the speculative action that led to the original crisis. The author underscores that, today, the government maintains a recognizable economic plan, which stabilizes the economy and the business sector, so that private and foreign investors can identify the country as a growth market that is attractive to investors.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Recovery after 1997/1998 Financial Crisis
Current Economic Status
The Future Economic Plan
From the Paper
"The Malaysian economy has suffered periodically since the Asian financial crisis from various geo-political events. However, as a testament to its innate strength it has weathered most of these difficulties. During 2003 following the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemic in Asia, the Malaysian economy still registered a 4.9% growth rate for the year (Rodan, 2004, p.112). Even during the outset of the Iraq War led and instigated the United States, Malaysia managed to quell any unease in its capital markets and in its business sector." i
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Inequality in Indonesia, 2008.
This paper discusses Indonesia and its record of inequality.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
The paper explores why Indonesia has historically lagged behind its Southeast Asian neighbors in reference to equality and human rights, since 1950 to approximately 1996. The paper blames the nation's geographically diverse and multi-ethnic character as an obstacle to equality. The paper also explains that Indonesia suffered greater political repression than most other Asia Pacific Rim countries and this contributed to its generally poor record on equality and human rights.
Outline:
Abstract
Overview
Ongoing and Persistent Issues
Developmental Aspects
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Indonesia is the 4th most populous nation on the globe and among its many islands Java is the most densely populated island mass known (Foster, 2003). Although there are over 300 various ethnicities across Indonesia, its population can largely be divided into two broad categories: the Western half consists of Malay people which the Eastern half is a mix of Pacific Islanders (Smith, 2005, p.521). Additionally, because of Indonesia's historical trade relationships with China, there are long-established ethnic Chinese inhabitants that are often the target of ethnic and cultural bias. Indonesia's official language is Indonesian and is the lingua franca of the entire region bearing much in common with Malay although some areas of Indonesia still are dominated by other languages."
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Urban Pollution in Beijing and Toronto, 2008.
This paper compares the urban pollution problems of Toronto and Beijing by evaluating the consequences of different environmental forms and how each city is addressing this pollution.
1,450 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Beijing is very much a heavy industrial city dominated by fuel and material processing facilities with a high population density although signs of western-style suburbanization are appearing. The author points out that Toronto, which is cleaner and less dependent upon massive industrial works, is well-known for carefully weighing the implications of various urban design proposals upon local communities and has a less dense population; however, this city has the problem of more local vehicles causing far too much greenhouse emission. The paper stresses that China is not doing its part to combat global warming. The paper concludes that Beijing's infrastructure pales alongside Toronto's because its mass as a global "mega-city" makes it difficult for city planners to construct a city capable of comfortably accommodating its population.
From the Paper
"At this juncture, it is appropriate to look more closely at Toronto in terms of its urban build form and in terms of commonplace life-style activities in the city that have some environmental impact. Unsurprisingly, the habitation density in the outer part of the city is much lesser than it is within the interior. The buildings are more widely-spaced and more diminutive in height; there are also many plazas and these plazas tend to have small retail stores within their embrace that accommodate almost all of the needs of a local inhabitant. Finally, there is plenty of "green space" in this area."
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China and the World Trade Organization, 2008.
A discussion of the controversial issue of China joining the World Trade Organization.
1,340 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how China has been changing economically while trying to hold on to as much of the Communist system as possible, a delicate balancing act that raises the suspicions of much of the world while also creating a good deal of internal uncertainty. The paper points out that this is part of a modernization effort being carried forth not only by those within China or by her trading partners, but also by Chinese living abroad who wish to increase business for the home country or to develop China in a wide variety of fields, including the scientific, financial, artistic, tourism, and other fields. The paper maintains that part of this effort involves China joining the World Trade Organization (WTO). Both the possibility of China joining and the organization itself were the subjects of massive protests in this era of increasing globalization and remain so. The paper concludes that China's attempt to gain benefits while retaining autonomy in certain matters is a balancing act that cannot be maintained for long without political change.
Outline:
Introduction
The WTO
China and the WTO
Theoretical Implications
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Chinese take the view that America is only harboring ill feelings about the emergence of a stronger and more prosperous China, and they believe that Washington's policy toward Taiwan is designed to obstruct China's reunification. They say that the Americans want to stop Chinese arms sales that are merely for commercial purposes while at the same time they are selling more sophisticated fighters and missiles to the unyielding Taiwanese. They also believe that the Americans use the human rights issue as a weapon to interfere in China's domestic affairs and undermine the Chinese government and note that the U.S. government created obstacles to China's entry into the WTO with the intention to weaken China economically, which has an effect domestically and internationally at the same time: "As the Chinese are sustaining their economic growth and rapidly improving their standard of living, their national pride is certain to arise" (Jisi 45)."
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Unilever's Project Shakti, 2008.
An evaluation of Unilever's new distribution network in India, Project Shakti.
1,227 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at Unilever's Hindustan Lever Limited (HLL) brand's new distribution network throughout several Indian states, known as Project Shakti. The paper explains that Shakti relies on an informal distribution network modeled after a micro-finance enterprise structure. The paper analyzes the project's competitive issues, including its consumer marketing, product/service innovation, marketing strategy and target markets. The paper concludes with a recommendation of how to expand the Shakti project.
Outline:
Abstract
Competitive Issues
Conclusion and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Unilever is one of the world's most recognized consumer product goods (CPG) companies with operations in every major region of the globe. In India, Unilever operates primarily under the Hindustan Lever Limited (HLL) brand and is India's largest CPG manufacturer and specifically within the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) segment of the industry with revenues of $2.43b in India. While successful in the India market, HLL and its parent corporation are not content because competitive pressures from both local and international brands are forcing HLL to squeeze margins while lowering prices. Unless HLL is able to further penetrate its existing markets in India as well as enter and expand new ones throughout the country, these ever shrinking margins will lead to a lack of profitability and negative revenues. In order to enter new markets within greater India and to reach the rural consumer which is a largely untapped market in India, HLL is developing a sort of grass roots sales and marketing (S&M) distribution network throughout several Indian states known as Project Shakti."
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China's One-Child Policy, 2008.
A critical examination of the Chinese one-child policy of population control.
1,191 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses China's initiatives to encourage a drop in fertility. It maintains that the policy is neo-Malthusian and is a human reproduction rights violation that discriminates against female children. The paper concludes, however, that the economic development, modernization and changes in China have perhaps rendered some of these birth control policies useless.
From the Paper
"Mao Tse Zedong's policy of the 'Great Leap Forward" included the idea that China would be stronger with more people. In the first few decades after the Revolution of 1949, the central government encouraged large families and China's population grew exponentially. This policy turned out to be unsuccessful, bringing on famine among other problems. In the late 1960s China reversed its policy believing that overpopulation can hither their economic development and began to implement initiatives to encourage families to marry later in life, have less children and allow more time in-between children. Between 1970 and 1979 China did in fact experience a large drop in fertility. Only in 1979 did this initiative actually become a law."
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Chinese New Year, 2008.
A discussion of the origins, traditions and superstitions of the Chinese New Year.
1,386 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history and current practices of the Chinese New Year. It looks at the origins of the festivities and at the Chinese New Year traditions that have been carried on throughout the ages. It then discusses the superstitions that are associated the lead-up to and celebration of the Chinese New Year. Finally, the paper discusses the significance of each of the fifteen days of the Chinese New Year.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Ancient Chinese New Year
Traditions
Superstitions
The 15 Days of Chinese New Year
Conclusion
From the Paper
"On the actual New Year's Day, hair should not be washed as this will wash away good luck for the New Year. Red is the color chosen for clothing, as it is a bright, happy color which encourages a bright future (as well as serves to fend off Nian). Children and unmarried friends are given "lai see", which are small red envelopes containing money for good fortune (ibid). Other superstitions include the consulting of an Almanac before heading out (in order to find the "best time" for doing so), the prohibiting of scissor and knife use (as this may "cut off" good fortune), avoidance of people in their bedrooms (this is considered bad luck) and external environmental cues. These include the words one first hears on New Year's Day (these are considered to reflect one's fortune) and signals such as songbirds or red-colored birds (these are supposed to be good luck) (ibid)."
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Mao Zedong, 2008.
This paper utilizes Freudian psychoanalysis to describe, analyze and interpret the life of Mao Zedong.
2,010 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper questions how Mao Zedong managed to take control of the Chinese Communist Party, establish the Peoples' Republic of China and rule the most populous nation in the world with an iron fist until his death when he came from commonplace beginnings. The paper examines this question from the point of view of Freudian psychoanalytic theory. The paper explains that Mao dreamt of death and destruction as much as he dreamt of life and liberation, making him an extraordinary man. The paper maintains that this explains to some extent how this commonplace boy was able to change the world.
From the Paper
"The only thing these two responses have in common is passion. Anyone who can inspire such very different responses is clearly a most remarkable person. Another authority refers to Mao's megalomania, his reckless fearlessness, and his "idiosyncratic self-assertion [which] became deeply ingrained in the collective experience of the CCP and ... profoundly shaped the communal awareness of the Chinese intelligentsia as a whole" (Wei-Ming, 1996, p. 156). Moreover, as we know, the CCP on which Mao stamped his personality was collectively responsible for millions of deaths, to the point that one authority sees the "destruction of lives, property, institutions, and values" as "a defining characteristic of modern Chinese history" (Wei-Ming, 1996, p. 149). As far as "motiveless malignities" go, Mao had Iago hopelessly outclassed."
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