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Superstring Theory And The Big Bang, 2002.
This paper defines and explains the relationship between superstring theory and the big bang.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper dicusses the historical origin, the theorized expansion of the universe, and the nature of strings and string behavior.
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Colonizing the Moon, 2002.
A look at the practicalities of colonizing the moon.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines and analyzes the feasibility of colonizing the moon. The discussion includes the kinds of technology colonists would need to establish a permanent presence on the Moon, what they would need to survive, and what commercial aspects would be involved.
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Astrology, 2002.
A debate on whether astrology can be considered a science.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issue of whether there is a scientific basis for astrology. The author presents a brief history of astrology and then proceeds to analyze the scientific criticisms of astrology.
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Oh Look! There's More to Halley than His Comet!, 2002.
A biography of the life of the scientist Edmond Halley who discovered the comet named after him.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a discussion about the scientist Edmond Halley. Halley is credited with the naming and discovery of Halley's comet but he was responsible for many other scientific works in addition to the comet. The author takes on a journey through the life of Halley and explains who he was and what his life works were about.
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The Mystery of the Universe, 2002.
Presents a history of astrology, scientific discoveries and astronomers.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
Scientific discoveries and tools have changed our knowledge of the universe over the years. With astronomers past and present, we have learned about the planet Earth, our Sun, and the planets that surround. This paper details the history of astrology, prominent astronomers, and the solar system.
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"Are We Alone", 2002.
Discusses the book "Rare Earth" by Paul Davies which explores the existence of other intelligent life forms in our universe.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 1 source, $ 89.95
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Abstract
In his book, Davies raises the really Big Questions like "What is life?" Davies goes on to state that "the origin of life remains a deep mystery." Davies' proposes that intelligent life could be relatively common in the universe. This book provides a solid overview of current knowledge and theory on extraterrestrial life.
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Astrology And Astronomy, 2002.
A discussion of the effects of astrology and astronomy on today's society.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
A 7-page historical survey of the bond of Astrology and Astronomy and how as the result of the scientific method that bond was broken and how both are still influencing us today.
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The Production of Space, 2002.
A look at theories of region and space in contemporary geographical thought.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
Graduate level paper that discusses theories of region and space in contemporary geographical thought, from both a physical and human perspective. Focuses on human element in the definition of space, and modern technological capabilities for changing space and redefining regions.
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Heating Problems During Re-entry of Space Shuttles, 2003.
Analysis of space shuttle re-entries, focusing on the problems encountered by the Columbia.
791 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
As the space shuttle Columbia began its re-entry into Earth's atmosphere on February 1, 2003, it began to break up. While the exact cause of the shuttle break up is still being investigated, there are many theories being considered, many of which have to do with heating tiles under the shuttle. The paper examines the process of an air-shuttle's re-entry into the atmosphere and shows where things could have gone wrong with Columbia.
From the Paper
"In the final stage, the shuttle approaches the upper atmosphere and enters the ionization blackout. In the ionization blackout, hot ionized gases of the atmosphere surround the shuttle. This prevents radio communication with mission control for the about twelve minutes. At this point the shuttle is traveling at 17,000 mph. As the shuttle collides with air molecules, friction is generated which leads to surface temperatures of around 3000 F. The steep angle of re-entry ensures that most of the aerodynamic heating is directed towards the underside of the shuttle where the heat resistant tiles offer the greatest amount of protection. As the atmosphere thickens, the shuttle's thrusters are eventually switched off, at which point the shuttle's aerodynamic flight features kick in, and it can be flown like an airplane."
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Black Hole, 2002.
This paper attempts to dispel the claim that there is a growing black hole in our galaxy.
1,038 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper uses scientific data to support the claim that based on what is known by astronomers both about black holes and about our galaxy. The author finds that the scenario of a growing black hole is unlikely and would have already been discovered by multiple laboratories that exist to monitor our skies. The writer continues with a forecast of defense for which scientists are prepared in the event of the threat of a black hole.
From the Paper
"The Schwarzschild radius also helps marks the point at which the gravity is so great that no state of matter can withstand it. This distance falls at approximately a factor of twice the Schwarzschild radius; the exact value has not been determined. However, the effect of its gravity on distant orbiting objects remains unchanged. The gravity pull is determined as a force originating at and acting on the centers of the objects. When the star collapses into a black hole, its center of mass remains the same, thus having no effect on the orbiting objects."
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The Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Missions to Mars, 2003.
Examines the justifications for the development of intelligent autonomous systems in space missions to Mars.
2,440 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
Intelligent systems are becoming increasingly important in deep space missions, especially missions to Mars. This paper covers three intelligent technologies: (1) The intelligent space ship 'Deep Space One' and its autonomous navigation system; (2) The Mars global surveyor and the deep space terminal and (3) The 'Sojourner' and Rocky 7 and 8 rovers.
The paper includes illustrations.
From the Paper
"Deep Space One marked the first mission of NASA's New Millennium Program which is aimed at testing highly advanced technologies for low-cost planetary missions [3]. The key component being tested by the mission was its AutoNav system. AutoNav is made up of three main tools: the Nav Main (simply Nav), the Nav Executive (NavExec) and the Nav Real-Time (NavRT). Nav and NavRT have architectures very similar to those of expert systems where decisions are based on algorithms built on sets of well defined rules. As well its decisions are supported by information gathered autonomously. In that respect it is very similar to the path planning software used in planetary rovers, which will be discussed later."
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Cosmology, 2002.
Examining different theories about the age of the universe and how it all started.
1,687 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explores some theories about the beginning of the universe and focuses on the Big Bang Theory. It explains that depending on whose research you follow, the universe could be anywhere from 9.5 billion to a few trillion years old. This paper introduces and discusses the Big Bang Theory, explaining how, according to the theory, the universe came in being. It then discusses the Redshift critique of the theory.
From the Paper
"In 1929, Edwin Hubble decided that because the light coming from most galaxies was redshifted, the universe must be expanding after exploding from an infinitesimal volume of superhot, superdense concentration of matter and energy. The explosion is called the big bang which propelled matter in all directions and at all speeds. According to the big bang theory, the farther away an object is from us, the more redshifted its light. Also, a greater redshift means the object is moving away faster than objects with less redshift. If the universe is not expanding, this cannot be true and the redshift must be due to other causes. An astronomer can tell how old the universe is by the rate of expansion. If the redshift is due to something other than expansion, nothing can be said about the universe's age. The old paradigm of a steady state universe suggests that the universe is a closed system, with matter and energy in a constant flux."
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