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The Sustainability Movement, 2006.
An in-depth look at the sustainability movement and the current ecological and environmental issues.
3,323 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the sustainability movement. Specifically, the paper discusses the definition of the sustainability movement, reviews examples of the movement and focuses on sustainability and natural resources. The paper reports that the sustainability movement is gaining ground in the United States and around the world. The paper goes on to discuss how, in order for the planet and her people to survive, the world's people must embrace the sustainability movement, for modern man is using up the Earth's resources at an alarming, and perhaps catastrophic rate.
Outline:
I. Introduction
a. Thesis Statement
II. Define Sustainability
a. Use national and International Definitions.
b. Also Define Sustainability and Natural Resources.
III. Describe the Sustainability Movement
a. Biodiversity
b. Ecology
c. Community
d. Commerce
e. Natural Resources
f. Biosphere
IV. Biodiversity
a. Describe how Biodiversity and Sustainability Support One
Another.
b. Use "biodiversity in food" to Show How Consumers can make a
Difference When They Buy Food.
V. Sustainability and Natural Resources
a. Describe how the natural world works in relationship to
sustainability.
b. Discuss the Overfishing of the Oceans.
c. Discuss Genetic Crops
d. Discuss the Natural World and the Effects of Global Warming.
e. Discuss Other Natural Resource Issues, such as Animals
Displaced by Global Warming and Other Issues.
f. Problems
g. Application of Elements.
VI. Education and Sustainability
a. Use Goodall Institute information to show how educating
children now can create future sustainability leaders.
VII. Create new sustainability project that has to do with natural
resources. (Create a local, accepted currency.)
a. Identify and Describe Project.
b. Explain how to pitch it to community, including businesses it
would affect.
c. Problems and Solutions.
VIII. Conclusion
From the Paper
"Creating the program relies on support from local businesses and banks, and thus, it would need to be "pitched" to local businesses and banks. The most difficult aspect of convincing others would be that the community currencies work, and help grow local businesses. Using models on the east coast as an example of successful programs should be an aspect of the pitch. For example, Ithaca, New York created "Ithaca Hours" which are worth $10 (the average hourly wage in Ithaca). The dollars became so popular that local credit union employees took part of their salaries in "Hours," and a newspaper grew to advertise participating businesses and offer low-cost ads for businesses who accepted the Hours. Many other communities have created their own currencies as well, and the models for these endeavors should be used to convince the local community that it can work and it can help the economy (Swann and Witt). "
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Ecology, 2006.
A look at ecology in relation to environmentalism.
919 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the subject of ecology. According to the paper, ecology can be defined as the study of the distribution and abundance of living organisms, and how such distributions are affected by interactions between organisms and their environment. The paper reports that ecology could be said to be the core science that impacts our knowledge of environmentalism.
From the Paper
"One of the fundamental shifts within ecology in the modern era is the inclusion of human ecology within the discipline. While human ecology itself has been included within the study of ecology for well over half a century, it only gained prominence in the late 1970s. Human ecology deals with how humans as organisms affect the environment as well as other organisms. This field is perhaps the most important development to environmental science in the past century precisely because now we have a much deeper understanding of how and why humanity influences the natural environment around us, deeply contributing to our awareness and knowledge of environmental damage and the harmful affects of pollution. Overall, it is evident that ecology has expanded at a tremendous pace because it has increased the scope that the field itself examines. By including human ecology as one of its disciplines, ecology now takes on significance not only as a scientific field but in both economic and political terms as well."
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Theories of Race and Ethnicity, 2007.
This paper looks at different works to examine theories of race and ethnicity.
1,123 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the concept of race. The writer points out that the concept of race is not valid from a biological point of view, due to what has been discovered through DNA research. The writer claims that the work of Michael Banton and Henry E. Hale, and the essays of Michael J. Bamshad / Steve E. Olson and Satel give the reader plenty of ideas from which to cull out the meaning of "race" and "ethnicity." The writer concludes by pointing out that there really is no "race" per se; the world is made up of cultural groups based on their own attraction and relationship to others of like cultures.
From the Paper
"That said, the issue is more complicated than merely saying that race and biology are now officially divorced, and that is simply because medicine is involved. And in the past, when medicine became intertwined with race, ethnic peoples of color and biology, a reader learns to his utter horror, shame and brutally callus disregard for human life, is sometimes not far behind. For example, Satel explains that when the "Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment" was conducted (hundreds of sharecroppers - African-Americans - were part of the experiment but never told they had syphilis), those humans (incredibly) were not given penicillin, and many died. Using humans as guinea pigs in a study of what happens to the body when syphilis is left untreated borders on the viciousness of some of Nazi Germany's "human experiments" on innocent Jews."
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Organ Transplants, 2006.
A review of Dr. William Beschorner ideas regarding organ transplantation.
846 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses Dr. William Beschorner and his belief that organ farming is a solution to the lack of organs readily available for donation and transplantation. According to the paper, specifics of his research deals with how to get the human body to adopt an animal organ, as it is the natural response of our bodies to reject anything alien.
From the Paper
"The core concept behind his revolutionary research is that by injecting cells from a potential donor into the host, the host will be able to accept transplants later on. This technique was successfully used between sheep and pigs. Beschorner used this technique to inject bone marrow from sheep into fetal pigs. As a result, the pigs were born with a tolerance to sheep cells. The pigs that were produced ultimately are transgenic, which means that they have genetic material from two different species within their body. Using the same strategy, he was able to transplant the aorta of these pigs into sheep with strong acceptance rates. He has found that "the tolerance goes both directions, the pig become tolerant to the sheep cells, and the sheep cells in the pig are programmed to become tolerant to pig cells" (NPG). This revolutionary technique is what Beschorner wishes to adapt to the next stage of his experiment. In one experiment, Beschorner grafted pig hearts onto the necks of the sheep. As a result, the sheep's blood would flow through the heart but it didn't replace the sheep's own heart. Such experiments demonstrated that only seven of the thirty five within the test actually experienced vascular rejection, whereas all of the sheep receiving hearts from unmodified pigs exhibited vascular rejection."
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| Term Paper # 96678 |
temporarily unavailable
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"A Fin is a Limb is a Wing", 2007.
An analysis of the style and arguments presented in Carl Zimmer's article "A Fin is a Limb is a Wing."
1,187 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes Carl Zimmer's article "A Fin is a Limb is a Wing," which he wrote for National Geographic. The paper discusses Zimmer's style in the article and his basic arguments. It also discusses why Zimmer may have argued so directly against creationism and intelligent design. The paper describes the article as a good and knowledgeable read, which is recommended to both adults and schools.
From the Paper
"No one will ever know for sure if either of these scenarios or another one is the truth. However, it does seem odd that the three paragraphs noted above after the introduction can easily be removed without any changes needed to the flow of the article. The first paragraph introduction moves very smoothly into "Some have emerged..." There is nothing lost by removing these middle three paragraphs than some heat."
"How much more credible the article is without these added paragraphs. Now, the article is not on who is right or wrong, but rather how much is being learned through the study of these complex marvels. The story is not whether one animal evolved into another and into another or instead that God or some other intelligent being created these creatures. The story is instead on how marvelous and wonderful such creatures are. Who would think that a fly larva could be this complex? Or a wormlike body could have such a gene structure? Just look at the complexity of a feather! However it was evolved or created, it is something to behold!"
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Acclimatization, 2007.
A discussion of the body's ability to acclimatize or adapt to higher altitudes.
1,555 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper examines acclimatization, the process by which the body adapts to changes in altitude. The body's various physiological responses to acclimatization are discussed, such as increased pulmonary ventilation and the presence of abnormally high numbers of red blood cells in the circulatory system known as polycythemia, among others. The paper concludes with a literature review which cites and analyzes various research studies in acclimatization.
Outline:
Increased Pulmonary Ventilation
Polycythemia
Rightward Shift in the Oxygen Dissociation Curve
Changes in Capillarization
Changes in Oxidative Enzymes Within Cells
References
From the Paper
" Increased resting and submaximal ventilation is observed in immediate response to altitude related hypoxia (Wyatt, 2002). This increased ventilation is achieved through increased volume and rate of breaths, and individual variation in hypoxic ventilatory response has been demonstrated (Wyatt, 2002). Research has shown that individuals with strong hypoxic ventilatory drives exhibit better performance at high altitudes than individuals with less efficient drives (Wyatt, 2002). The stimulated ventilation that results from exposure to high altitudes is due to aortic and carotid sensitivity to reduced PO2 in arterial blood. This increase in ventilation increases PO2 in the alveoli and reduces end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PETCO2), which lends to reduced carbon dioxide and H+ in the blood. In response to these reductions during the initial few days of exposure to altitude, the kidneys gradually excrete bicarbonate (HCO3), which is associated with decreased plasma volume. Increased pulmonary ventilation also results in a reduction in total water in the body due to loss of water vapor that occurs during respiration, which results in rapid dehydration during acute altitude exposure (Wyatt, 2002)."
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Science and Religion, 2005.
A discussion regarding the relationship between science and religion.
883 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the issues between science and religion. According to the paper, for centuries people have believed that the division between the two, is impossible to remedy. The paper goes on to say, that recently, steps have been taken to bridge the gap between science and religion.
From the Paper
"The most obvious factor of this research is that there are dramatically differing views of the topic. Some researchers state that to incorporate spirituality into hard science, especially medicine, and psychology, is to dilute both disciplines and to blur boundaries that should remain clear in order for the disciplines to operate properly (Sloan & VenderCreek; Conway & Gold). Others state that the integration of science and religion is a positive process that is helping individuals understand themselves better and to achieve a more whole sense of self (Field, Harvey, & Sharp; Bassett; Ontario Consultants; Pollack). Of course, some of the individuals used in this research indicated that they didn't feel that there has ever really been a clear division between the two (Long)."
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Aids, 2007.
This paper examines the fatal disease of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
813 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that although the AIDS disease is still not completely understood, what is known is that HIV infects the T-cells of the immune system, and as the body fights back, it is eventually overwhelmed. The writer notes that this leaves the body vulnerable to infections and cancers. The writer looks at symptoms and diagnosis of the disease. The writer concludes that in the 1980s AIDS was seen mainly in homosexual and bisexual men, however now the majority of new HIV infections are seen in drug users who share needles, and among women sexual partners of drug users.
From the Paper
"It is theorized that the virus passed from the blood of the chimps into humans through superficial wounds, since chimpanzees are hunted for food in this region, and that it may have begun as early as the 1930s."
"Although the disease is still not completely understood, what is known is that HIV infects the T-cells of the immune system, and as the body fights back, it is eventually overwhelmed, thus leaving the body vulnerable to infections and cancers. While some people develop flu-like symptoms shortly after infection, others have not symptoms, and it may be months or years before serious symptoms develop in adults, however infants who are infected in the womb or at birth will generally develop symptoms with the first two years of life."
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Animal Rights, 2007.
An analysis of Immanuel Kant's views on animals' feelings and rights.
1,272 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of animal rights. Specifically, it investigates what Immanuel Kant believed about the treatment of animals and animal rights. It discusses how Kant might have felt about the use of animals for biomedical research. It also provides criticisms of Kant's views on animals' feelings and rights.
From the Paper
"Kant would probably agree with animal testing, as it can aid the treatment of many human diseases, and the harm of a few animals for the good of rational human beings makes perfect sense. However, if animals can indeed feel pain and can suffer, then animal testing is often cruel and abusive. Kant might agree morally with using animals to save human lives, but a visit to a testing laboratory might change his view. Many of the cruelties these labs use in the name of science are difficult to view. Cohen believes that using animals in all testing does not make sense, but it does make sense in areas where there is the most risk to humans in testing. However, another animal rights expert disagrees. He writes, "Rights thought dictates that we cannot kill one rights-holder to save another - or even more than one other - whether or not the life of the former is 'different' from that of the latter" (Zak 281). This certainly is far from Kant's views on animals and their value to society. Kant feels they have little value other than intrinsic and humanistic value, and so, there is nothing ethically wrong with using them to benefit and enhance human life."
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Smilodons, 2007.
An analysis of the habits and hunting practices of the smilodon.
2,914 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the habits of the smilodon, which was one of the most interesting predators of the Pleistocene era. It analyzes findings of of smilodon fossils and discusses how the findings have changed many of the ideas about the smilodon. It also discusses the social versus solitary natures of the animals and their hunting practices.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
What We Know About Smilodon
Social or Solitary
Genetics and DNA
How the Smilodon Attacked
Conclusion
From the Paper
"When stalking its prey, the smilodon often injured itself and pulled soft tissues. The scars of these tissues bear the scars of these injuries. According to Rosie and Winters, the most common position for the body of a smilodon to be in when it attacked was feet forward in a lunge. This would suggest that smilodon would spring onto its prey. This theory was derived from data obtained by counting the number and location of injuries in the fossil record. It might be noted that when one compared the injuries of smilodon to canine species, there were fewer injuries from being kicked in the head. This would indicate that canine species attacked by lunging at the throat or hind quarters, whereas the smilodon landed on top of the animal's back and tried to bowl it over."
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Umbilical Stem Cells, 2007.
This paper looks at the use of umbilical cords as a source for stem cell research.
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer notes that stem cells have received much attention because of their unique capacity to renew themselves and morph into several different types of specialized cells. The writer also points out that the practice of harvesting stem cells from aborted fetuses has received much criticism from conservative groups, prompting President Bush to halt federal funding for stem cell research. This paper argues that there is a way to accommodate ethical concerns, while reaping the benefits of stem cell research. The writer maintains that umbilical cords are a viable source of stem cells, and do not raise the same ethical issues as harvesting from fetuses. The writer argues, therefore, that parents should be strongly encouraged to donate their newborns' umbilical cords to public and private banks, to provide scientists with a source of stem cells for their life-saving research.
From the Paper
"Already, umbilical cord stem cells are proving remarkably promising in the treatment of diseases. Researchers have already identified some 67 afflictions that have been successfully treated with cord blood stem cells, and more illnesses are being added to that list. Researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, for example, have released a study regarding the use of cord blood stem cells in the treatment of Krabbe's Disease, a fatal disorder of the central nervous system. Babies born with this hereditary disease suffer seizures, blindness, deafness and feeding problems before death at around age two. However, the researchers found that infusing newborns at birth with the cord blood stem cells from an unrelated donor are still alive well past their second birthday. Though some of the children show problems walking, the majority score normally on cognitive development tests and all the children exhibit normal vision."
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