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Eugenics, 2008.
An examination of the history and current practice of eugenics.
988 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the philosophy and practice of eugenics. It describes how eugenics is used today and the historical role that it has played in immigration. The paper looks at the differences between positive and negative eugenics and discusses the ethical considerations that need to be taken into account when discussing the practice of eugenics.
Table of Contents:
Overview of Eugenics
Eugenics Today
Eugenics and Immigration
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Even in modern culture, eugenics continues to play a role in immigration. For example, the story depicted in Dirty Pretty Things tells of two immigrants living in London who are forced to engage in sexual acts and the harvesting of their own body parts in order to remain in the country illegally. Although this may not seem like eugenics at the forefront, at its most basic level it is still a result of eugenics. For instance, if the national government did not place strict limitations on immigrants from Africa and Muslim countries (the locales of the movie's main characters) they would not have to live in London illegally. If they were not living in London illegally, then they would not have to subject themselves to such inhumane treatment as forced sex and organ harvesting. Thus, the effects of modern-day eugenics extend well beyond just limiting who can and cannot come to a country. (Frears, 2002)."
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Shortleaf Pine and Fire, 2008.
A discussion of the effects of wildland and prescribed fire on the shortleaf pine species.
2,549 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the effects of wildland and prescribed fire on the ecosystems of eastern and midwestern forests in the US. The paper discusses three detrimental effects of fire on an ecological system in general and then focuses on the shortleaf pine species and explains how the shortleaf pine actually benefits from both wildland and prescribed fire in a number of ways. The paper does note, however, that caution is needed to ensure that prescribed fires are performed properly. The paper includes a map and a table.
From the Paper
"First, it is important to understand what makes up the shortleaf pine species. The shortleaf pine, scientifically named Pinus echinata, is a member of the Pinaceae family of trees. It is the most common of the southern yellow pines, with an average height between 70 and 100 feet. The trunk, on average, is between one and a half and three feet. It is considered one of the larger pines, and has a broad, open crown. The needles of the species are slender and flexible, and vary from dark blue to light green in color. They are often between two and four inches in length, with two or three in each needle bundle. The cones of the shortleaf pine are long and egg-shaped, dull brown in color, and vary from one and one half to three inches in length. The cones remain attached following maturity, but do open at that time to reveal thin, keeled scales with small prickles (Farjon, 2001)."
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Cnidarians' Defenses, 2008.
This paper explores cnidarians' stings and how they are utilized as a defense.
1,550 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the four main groups of cnidarians and their characteristics. The paper focuses on their sting, the danger they pose to humans and the treatment needed for their stings. The paper then discusses how human occupation of coral islands tends to destroy coral reefs, which grow in all the world's oceans. The paper includes a huge amount of source material complete with drawings and photographs.
From the Paper
"Cnidarians are made up of several groups that sometimes are divided into four and sometimes into six categories. Most agree, however, that Anthozoa (corals), Scyphozoa (jellyfish), Cubozoa (box jellies), Hydrozoa (medusae, siphonophores, hydroids, fire corals) and Scyphozoa (true jellyfish) make up the four main groups. Staurozoa (stalked jellyfish) and Polypodiozoa (a single specie: Polypodium hydriforme Ussow, 1885 - a parasite) may be added to the previous four. Their name comes from the Greek word "cnidos," meaning stinging nettle. Cubuozoa jellyfish have also been called "sea wasps.""
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Global Warming and Polar Bears, 2008.
An examination of how global warming and increased human contact are affecting the polar bear population.
2,787 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how global warming is threatening the polar bear population. It describes the historical threat of humans to polar bears and how global warming is forcing some polar bear populations to move south and inland in their search for more ample food supplies and therefore into contact with humans. The paper briefly looks at possible solutions to the problem.
Table of Contents:
How Global Warming is Threatening Polar Bears
The Historic Human Threat
Global Warming: Humans vs. Polar Bears
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Protecting the polar bear from the direct and indirect threats posed by global warming is going to require a multi-national effort. First, the nations of the world, particularly those with a stake in protecting polar bears, must become more serious about global warming. For example, the United States can sign and adhere to the Kyoto Protocol, which calls for the reduction of harmful greenhouse gases, among other measures. A decade after this landmark agreement was first struck, the U.S. is still not a signatory, even though it only calls for a 5 percent reduction in emissions by industrialized nations (Hillman, et.al., 168). The U.S. is also the world's largest producer of carbon emissions, as the average American's carbon contribution is five time the world average (Hillman, et.al., 35)."
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Collagen Diseases, 2008.
This paper looks at mutations in type I collagen that leads to osteogenesis imperfecta (OI).
1,119 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), which is commonly known as "brittle bone" disease and is due to defects in type I collagen genes. The paper explains the molecular structure of collagen and its mutations and discusses the causes of this abnormality.
From the Paper
"As the most abundant group of proteins found in vertebrates, collagen contains insoluble fibers with great tensile strength and is present in connective tissues such as bone, teeth, tendons, ligament, cartilage and the fibrous matrices of skin and blood vessels. Materially, it is a left- handed triple helix with three polypeptide chains or residues per turn. In mammals, there is a variety of collagen in different tissues within the same individual. The composition of collagen is largely glycine (Gly), proline (Pro) and 4-hydroxyproline (Hyp) with smaller quantities of 3-hydroxyproline and 5-hydroxylsyl (Hyl) (Smith, 1983)."
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A Day in the Life of Clonorchis Sinensis, 2008.
This paper contains a creative account of the life of clonorchis sinensis, the Chinese liver fluke.
2,308 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The paper focuses on the Chinese liver fluke that is an extremely common worm parasite that lives in the body of its host, often humans. The paper writes from the perspective of this worm, in a first person account, about its prevalence, its significance to humans, its food sources and its methods of reproduction.
From the Paper
"Ah, it's another beautiful day in my neighborhood! How do I know? I don't have eyes, but I don't need them here, nestled in the bile ducts of my human host. All I need is right here with me, lots of tissue to feed on, like membranes and blood cells, and plenty of water to help me create my eggs. Ah, life is good when you're a clonorchis sinensis, or Chinese Liver Fluke, because you're incognito, no one knows you're home, and you have everything you need to survive! I can live right here for eight, and sometimes up to twenty years (if my human lives that long, but more on that later), you know, without my host ever figuring out I'm here, what could be better than that? So, how did I end up here, in this Asian adult host, living the free and easy life of a fluke? Well, it's a long story."
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Birds and Their Role in Seed Dispersal Mechanisms, 2008.
An examination of the role of birds in seed dispersal in Wisconsin Arboretum, Pheasant Branch Conservancy and Baxter's Hollow.
1,105 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 0 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explores seed dispersal mechanisms in three different plant communities. It focuses on the role of birds and the maintenance of plant biodiversity. The paper discusses seed dispersal in Wisconsin Arboretum, Pheasant Branch Conservancy and Baxter's Hollow. It also looks at the ways in which seed dispersal in these areas is dependent on animals.
Table of Contents:
Wisconsin Arboretum
Pheasant Branch Conservancy
Baxter's Hollow
From the Paper
"The overstory is dominated by cottonwood, boxelder and silver maple. The only apparent mechanism for seed dispersal is wind. Cottonwood and Silver Maple dominated, possibly due to their ease of wind dispersal. Nut trees were not found, possible due to the wetness of the forest floor. The forest floor is dominated by Bucktorn (80%) (Budyak et al, 2006). This is probably due to its ability to survive and germinate in wet environments, rather than due to seed dispersal mechanisms. Buckthorn is not a favorite of deer, which may also play a role in its dominance in the area. A majority of the seeds within the understory are easily wind dispersed such as Virginia creeper, sweet Cecily, and white avens. These species comprise the other 20% of the understory. Wind was the primary seed dispersal mechanism, with birds and animals playing a minor role in this area."
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus, 2008.
This paper looks at respiratory syncytial virus and its possible treatment.
2,476 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an RNA negative-sense stranded enveloped virus. The writer notes that infection with the virus is implicated in the condition bronchiolitis, which is a condition which affects predominantly infants. Often there is little need for laboratory diagnosis as the clinical symptoms and history allow for accurate diagnosis of the condition. The writer discusses the treatment of RSV that currently focuses on treatment of the condition's symptoms. This involves the use of anti-inflammatories to control the fever, and bronchodilators or corticosteroids to control the effects present in the pulmonary system. The writer concludes that there is currently no preventative vaccine for RSV although there have been developments relating to prophylactic medication which can be administered to at risk children.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Micro-Organism
Transmission
Symptoms
Pathology of the Disease
Onset and Incubation Period
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
From the Paper
"RSV is transmitted in respiratory secretions. This means that it may be contracted through close contact with anyone who has the infection, or contact with contaminated surfaces or objects. The fact that the virus is able to survive for only short periods outside the body reduces the probability of contracting the virus through contact with surfaces. Infection occurs when the infected respiratory secretions come into contact with the mucous membranes of the eyes, mouth or nose. It is possible that the disease may also be transmitted through inhaling droplets from the coughs or sneezes of infectious persons.
"In areas which have the correct type of temperate climate to encourage proliferation, community outbreaks of RSV occur. These usually begin in the fall and may last from four to six months."
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Shark Attack: Realistic Fears or Hysteria?, 2008.
An exploration of the generally held conception that sharks will attack human beings with no warning or provocation.
2,031 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
The conception that sharks are creatures dangerous to human beings and who will attack with no warning is a prevalent one. In this paper the author examines a number of incidents where sharks were reported to have attacked human beings and attempts to discover the reality between the reports and actual events. In addition, the author attempts to investigate the factors causing such attacks and to discover if, in fact, the shark is a "man eater"
From the Paper
"Under the stillness of even the calmest of seas an age-old drama plays out. Countless times, creatures designed for locating, stalking, chasing, and then tearing into living flesh closes in on its doomed prey. Its efficient design, mouth filled with teeth meant to sink into its prey and never let go, and its swimming speed, agility, and intelligence all but ensure hunting success. After a brief chase, a shark catches up to its prey, its jaws clamp down tightly, and it is all over: just in the same way that the bottle nosed dolphin that humans adore captures another helpless herring in its mouth."
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Population and the Environment, 2008.
This paper discusses the ecological impact of species' and humans' population growth.
744 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper describes community interactions between and among species that affects their continued viability. The paper then discusses how human activity and population growth alters global resources and other fundamental ecological elements of the biosphere far beyond the ability of any other species. The paper paints a picture of how humans contribute to the depletion, destruction, erosion and other dramatic changes to the ecological environment that are detrimental to nonhuman species, as well as to future generations of human beings.
Outline:
Population Growth, the Environment, and Community Interactions
The Effects of Human Activity on the Environment
From the Paper
"In principle, the relationship between population size and the environment is very simple and equally direct. Living organisms consume natural resources to provide for their energy needs. The specific mechanism through which they accomplish this vary substantially: some organisms consume other living organisms; some consume only other organisms' waste products, or scavenge their left-over consumables; still others manufacture their energy by synthesizing energy from sunlight and elements occurring naturally in the gaseous atmosphere."
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Genetic Testing: Forensic, Predictive and Carrier, 2008.
An examination of the goals and potential benefits of genetic testing in the areas of forensic testing, predictive testing and carrier testing.
1,147 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This work seeks to examine genetic testing in the light of the potential contribution of genetic testing specifically in the area of forensic testing, predictive testing and carrier testing. The paper first defines genetic testing and then discusses its goals. The paper then looks at the potential benefits that can be gained from using genetic testing.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Genetic Testing Defined
Use Of Genetic Screening
Guidelines For Genetic Testing
Mitochondrial DNA Sequencing
Forensics Genetic Testing
Summary And Conclusion
From the Paper
"Genetic testing applications offer great potential in today's society from early detection of disease, to exonerating the wrongfully accused, to identifying criminals that otherwise would have gone on to other commission of crimes, to paternity testing and the new possibility of correction of genetic abnormalities and this is only to list a few. Genetic testing has opened doors for scientific, medical health and prevention, and social advances in quality of life as well as water and food quality measures. Genetic testing is greatly beneficial in today's society."
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Genetic Testing, 2008.
This paper discusses genetic testing in forensic, predictive and carrier testing.
1,147 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper defines genetic testing, looks at the screening and testing techniques and examines guidelines for genetic testing. The paper discusses mitochondrial DNA sequencing and describes what is involved in forensic identification via genetic testing.
Outline:
Introduction
Genetic Testing Defined
Use of Genetic Screening
Guidelines for Genetic Testing
Mitochondrial DNA Sequencing
Forensics Genetic testing
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Genetic testing is also referred to as 'gene testing' and 'DNA tests' and is a process by which the individual's DNA is examined. DNA is the material which genes are composed of which serve to determine the specific characteristics of living things. DNA determines the individual's features and as well, genetic testing has the capacity to detect particular genes in terms of whether they are present, absent, or altered and specifically in detection of chromosome abnormalities through laboratory testing."
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