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The Doll-Maker, 2008.
A creative short story about the growing "designer baby" craze.
1,030 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a fictional story about a couple going to a clinic to have their baby designed. The paper describes the drive to the clinic of the couple, Jim and Nancy, noting that they are both quiet on their long drive to see the doctor. The paper relates that Jim realizes he was scared about the doctor and, maybe just a little, about Nancy, as well. The paper then relates that Jim wanted a baby, just not the baby that was now being built piecemeal by his wife.
From the Paper
""I'm fine," Nancy said. She was wearing sunglasses and Jim couldn't be sure if she wasn't looking at him out of the corner of her one eye. "Just keep your eyes on the road, hun'; we don't need an accident." From where he sat, Jim thought he saw the faintest flicker of a smile, but he really couldn't be sure. To be honest, she rarely smiled anymore."
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The Biological Basis for Personality, 2008.
An analysis of the impact of environmental cues on the genetic predisposition of personality development.
2,561 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper is based on the premise that personality development is affected by the environmental cues an individual experiences throughout his or her life, within the confines of the genetic predisposition. It analyzes this perspective by focusing on two critical points. It discusses that there is an emerging consensus as to what constitutes the fundamental dimensions of personality traits and it suggests that these traits have a strong biological and evolutionary basis.
From the Paper
"Though it can be difficult to accept from a philosophical perspective, the evidence gleaned from several large twin studies clearly concludes that genetics plays a significant role in determining personality, accounting for roughly two-thirds of all observed personality differences. With such a significant influence, it becomes evidence that the role of the environment is greatly diminished and likely only affects how biological personality traits will express themselves, not which traits will develop. From a practical perspective, this means that clinicians must shift from an environmental control model of treatment to one that more fully addresses the basic biological underpinnings of personality development and personality disorders."
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Delicious Fruits and Natural Seed Dispersers, 2008.
A research paper carried out on an evergreen shrub.
1,015 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a research study carried out on an evergreen shrub belonging to the Rubiaceae family. The hypothesize states that the color of these drupes in relation to the foliage has some significance, either to ecological factors or the fruit-eating animals that carry out seed dispersal. The paper examines various factors related to fruit conspicuousness and refers to similar experiments, but does not produce any conclusive results.
Outline:
Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion
From the Paper
"In order to distinguish the degree of colour difference between the foliage and drupes, a system of quantitative colour analysis must first be developed. Although basing this system upon human colour vision may seem a commonsense idea, it is important to remember that the animals which feed upon Coprosma petriei may have different visual spectrums than humans. If we are to narrow down the ecological and animal-related factors that may influence fruit colouration, it is important to include those light spectrums used by the birds and lizards which commonly consume and disperse this seed. Thus, a proper method of reflectance spectroscopy should be applied to gauge colour variations in the drupes, leaves and bark of Coprosma petriei."
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The Global Food Market, 2008.
This paper explores the issue of excess foods on the market by discussing the world food trade, dumping and biofuels.
1,348 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the problems that arise with the inexpensive foods that flood the market. The paper first explains how the global food trade can have a negative effect on the agriculture in developing countries. The paper then discusses the possibility of using crops for biofuels and examines the benefits and drawbacks of this solution. The paper concludes by stating that just continuing with the situation as usual is not an option.
From the Paper
"The concept of food trade seems such a simple one on its face. All people must eat in order to survive. If people have a surplus of food, it is better than if they have only a subsistence level of food or an insufficient quantity of food, no matter where that food comes from or what type of food is being produced. Inexpensive food is always better; lower prices mean more people spend less on food and quality of life improves all around. Global trade is better for the food trade because it keeps food prices lower. Finally, more land has to be dedicated to food production. All of these things seem simple and true on their faces, but how reliable are these statements?"
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Human Egg Donation, 2008.
Examines the ethics of compensation for human egg donation.
1,465 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the combination of deep-seated emotions, cutting-edge technology and huge amounts of money has made the supposedly intimate act of creating a child into a serious multi-national industry. The author of the paper points out that the growth of "the baby business" raises serious ethical concerns and then relates arguments for and against the practice of compensation. The author also points out that the obvious fear is that women will be exploited for their reproductive potential. The paper urges the creation of more federal regulations to adjust the various competing interests that weigh on this procedure.
From the Paper
"Critics charge that the payment of large sums of money amount of "commodification" of egg donation. This amounts to a label more than a sound objection. The market puts a price on virtually everything, and merely adding a financial element does not necessarily make something unethical. Perhaps the greatest need in this field is not control over payments but regulations to ensure that anyone agreeing to undergo the procedure is fully informed of the nature, risks, and potential complication involved, and that reproductive clinics accept responsibility if complications develop."
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Effects of Tobacco, 2008.
This paper discusses the effects of smoking on the individual.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the history of tobacco's inculcation into mainstream culture and looks at the pleasure it provides smokers. The writer also discusses the health risks involved in smoking tobacco, addiction and second hand smoke. The writer maintains that organizations that are raising awareness about the dangers of smoking are no doubt creating a healthier environment for everyone. The writer then concludes that though quitting is difficult, every smoker should make every effort to break the habit. This step would not only benefit them, but also everyone they associate with, casually or otherwise.
Outline:
Introduction
The History of Smoking
Smoking and Health
The Allure of Smoking Tobacco
Heart Disease
Cancer
Addiction
Second Hand Smoke
Recent Government Reaction to Tobacco Research
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It could be argued that tobacco's colourful history is part of the substance's attraction. The first recorded European smoker was Rodrigo de Jerez, who was a colleague of Christopher Columbus during his exploration of the New World. Jerez started smoking cigars in Cuba. Having returned to Europe, Jerez lit a cigar publicly in 1493, which led to his imprisonment in 1493 by order of the Spanish Inquisition."
"Tobacco was initially slow to take over European consumers. It is believed that not until well into the following century that tobacco was brought to Europe from its native Americas."
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Oxygen Cascade and Disease, 2008.
This paper describes the lungs and how it functions, especially oxygen cascade, and its relationship to disease.
3,380 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the main organ responsible for gas exchange, the lungs, are efficient not only in their anatomic and histological structure but also are physiologically efficient to provide oxygen to tissues and cells such that oxygen extraction can be increased in altered, demanding physiologic states within the bounds of physical laws. The author points out that the oxygen cascade, essentially described as the "diminishing returns" phenomenon, represents a natural barrier to the limits of mammalian and human cellular respiration. The paper concludes that, from uptake of oxygen, to transport of oxygen to the periphery to its delivery to tissues at the cellular level, at the different steps, oxygen tension decreases pathologies at the tissue level, which are heavily dependent on perfusion and are the most vulnerable to hypoxia.
Table of Contents:
Lung Anatomy and Physiology
Oxygen Cascade
Uptake in the Lungs
Carrying Capacity of Blood
Global Delivery from Lungs to Tissue
Regional Distribution of Oxygen Delivery
Diffusion from Capillary to Cell
Cellular Use of Oxygen
Lung Pathophysiology
Oxygen Cascade Pathophysiology and Relevant Disease States
Uptake in the Lungs
Carrying Capacity of Blood
Global Delivery from Lungs to Tissue
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Delivery of oxygen to the tissues is heavily dependent on the heart and the vascular system associated with it. This branching, closed-circuit system perfuses all organ systems. In normal individuals, global delivery of oxygen (Do2) is often more than adequate to ensure that all tissues receive enough oxygen to meet their aerobic respiratory needs (Vo2). Do2 is the product of cardiac output (Qt) and oxygen content of blood (Cao2). Cao2 is similarly the product of oxygen saturation (Sao2), hemoglobin content (Hgb), and a constant K (the coefficient for hemoglobin-oxygen binding capacity)."
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The Human Genome Project, 2008.
A look at how hominid evolutionary studies will be aided by the completion of the human genome project.
1,260 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses recent discoveries in evolutionary studies, including the human genome project, and will speculate on the impact that these new discoveries will have on evolutionary studies. The paper concludes that we can look forward to substantial and possibly profound breakthroughs in terms of understanding what it is to be human, but warns that we should not expect to find the meaning of life with our microscopes.
From the Paper
"For example, since the completion of the human genome project, scientists have achieved another milestone: they have completed the genetic map blueprint of the chimpanzee. Due to the chimpanzee's close relationship to humans (in evolutionary terms), we now have the opportunity to better understand the evolutionary processes that have combined to create human beings. The scientific analysis has revealed that some 96% of human and chimp genomes are exactly the same. More important still are the insights provided by the differences between human and chimp genomes."
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Bones, 2008.
A look at the anatomy of the human bone.
1,635 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the function of bones and identifies the five types of bones and their seven levels of bone structure. The paper looks at three types of bone cells and summarizes the most common medical conditions that affect bones.
Outline:
Introduction
Function
Bone Types
Hierarchical Organization of Structures
Bone Cells
Medical Conditions
From the Paper
"Bones also have a degree of toughness and elasticity that are required by their function. An examination of a bone structure will reveal that it is made up of two types of tissue. The first type of tissue is located on the external side and it is dense in texture and it is called compact tissue. The second type located internally is made up of thin fibres and lamellae, which are joined to form a lattice like reticular structure called cancellous tissue."
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Identical and Non-identical Twins, 2008.
This paper looks at two common types of twins and one rare type.
704 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the two most common types of twins; identical and non-identical twins, also known as monozygotic and dizygotic twins. The paper looks at the differences between identical and non-identical twins. The paper then talks about a third type of twins; half-identical or polar body twins.
Outline:
What Are Twins
Types of Twins
Identical Twins
Comparing Non-Identical Twins with Identical Twins
A Third Type of Twinning
From the Paper
"In a normal pregnancy, a single baby develops in the uterus of the mother. In very special circumstances, two and sometimes even more babies develop simultaneously in the mother's uterus. This is called a multiple pregnancy. Twins are two babies in a multiple pregnancy. Twins are considered very special and present a fascination for science and society. In the fields of psychology and sociology, there is a special subfield called "twin studies". Twins studies are especially important in the search for answers to the nature vs. nurture question. What is the most important factor in human development: genetics (nature) or environment (nurture)?"
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All About Cloning, 2008.
An overview and analysis of the cloning debate.
1,231 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how cloning evokes powerful emotions - for some, it evokes hope of miraculous cures for the paralyzed and the terminally ill; for others it evokes spiritual horror and a dread of where human science is taking us. This essay examines the facts that lie beyond these two extreme reactions.
From the Paper
"To the best of our knowledge, a human being has not yet been created in this manner. However, many other animals have been created by cloning, and some of us may even have eaten cloned animals without even knowing it! In fact, it is estimated that at the moment there are some 200 cloned cattle in the USA, and it is thought that some of them are being used for breeding (Ruse and Sheppard). Of more concern is the fact that this scientific process continues to be used to create human embryos for medical research purposes. However, it is strictly limited by most governments, including the US government (Dunn). This kind of cloning is referred to as therapeutic cloning. "
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Human Cloning, 2008.
An analysis of the current issues that involve both religion and medical science in relation to developments in human cloning.
1,315 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the medical issue of human cloning, noting that it is pertinent to ethics, since it involves a great deal of scientific questions as to how science is "playing God." The religious perspective is analyzed through Roman Catholic arguments against human cloning to better understand how this conflict is developing between both factions. In essence, this paper analyzes the two sides of the "playing God" issue in relation to the medical scientific advancements of human cloning.
From the Paper
"The Catholic point of view on procreation is an act that occurs from the union of two people, those married under God's union and vows. Cloning is direct violation of the act of two people, and socially makes for an unethical third party (scientists) to be involved in this sacred union between two people. This perspective often brings forth the changing element of a society that is steadily becoming less dependent on religious doctrines, which invariably must give way to the empiricism of modern science. In essence, Catholic Bishops oppose cloning of new human lives because mankind does not have the right to play God."
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