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Frequent Flier Mileage Programs, 2005.
A look at the accounting issue regarding frequent flier mileage experienced at United Airlines.
1,573 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This essay involves collecting and summarizing research in regard to a specific company or industry that has experienced an accounting issue. The focus of the essay is United Airlines, but it could have been applied to any other major airline. The main research comes from the December 1991 story by Charles W. Taylor entitled, "Airline Accounting: AICPA versus FASB," which was in the December "CPA Journal Online". The paper incorporates an analysis of the company, industry, and the account issue with the author's personal opinion of the subject matter. A large portion of the paper focuses on the impact on investors and other stakeholders and also presents insights into the opinions of the article's author.
From the Paper
"One solution that has made investors and stakeholders very happy was for the airlines to offer frequent flier miles and other reduced fairs. United's frequent-flier program, Mileage Plus, grew significantly, due to the continued success of partnerships such as First USA Mileage Plus Visa and Master Card, MCI WorldCom and E*TRADE. Revenue from third-party mileage sales reached $107 million during the first quarter, representing an 18 percent increase over the same period last year. Recently, United and Safeway launched Grocery Miles -- the largest partnership between a national grocer and an airline -- which allows customers at nearly 1,300 U.S. stores to earn frequent-flier miles in United's Mileage Plus program for their grocery purchases. (PR News Wire, 2000) As bankruptcy looms, frequent flier miles have become a major topic of discussion. But these frequent flier miles were an accounting problem as far back as 1990 and 1991."
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Financial Planning for Retirement, 2004.
An analysis of the necessary financial planning for retirement.
2,219 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper describes retirement planning as an ongoing process that a person needs to keep up with if goals are to be met. The paper contends that for those at or near retirement age, the planning process goes from accumulation of wealth to making the right decisions about assets. While one will still continue to accumulate money from investments, one will also be looking at using that money for day-to-day living expenses. The paper explains that the right choices are imperative in order to have the retirement lifestyle one desires.
Table of Contents
Early Financial Planning for Retirement
Financial Planning for Retirement: The 30s
Financial Planning for Retirement in Middle Life
Financial Planning for Retirement in the Later Years
Financial Resources for Retirement Planning
Social Security
Pension and Profit-Sharing Plans
Other Retirement Accounts
Other Resources
Retirement Strategies
Summary
References
From the Paper
"Credit card debt should also be evaluated when one is in their 20's. Many credit cards have interest rates of 20% or higher. Over time, a concerted effort should be made to lower balances on these cards. Continuing to maintain high balances and high interest rates delays
putting money aside for retirement. Financial goals should be shared with one's partner. It is of critical importance that each person is involved in the planning and agree on what type of lifestyle he or she wishes. Once the goals are mutually agreed on, both parties should be involved in carrying out the financial strategies necessary to achieve those goals. Each person should know and understand which investments to have and why. This is a critical period to educate oneself about how to handle finances."
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Financial Statements, 2005.
A brief examination of the four main components of a financial statement.
1,254 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the four basic financial statements are the balance sheet, the income statement, the cash flow statement, and the statement of stockholders' equity. This paper refers to each, in part, and then emphasizes the interrelations between them.
From the Paper
"Resuming what I have argued for previously, there are two major arguments that demonstrate the interrelationship between the four basic financial statements. First of all, many of the values that are reflected in one statement generally find themselves in another. Even more so, there is a flow of information from one financial statement to another. As we have seen in the examples above, data from the cash flow statement is recorded on the statement of stockholders' equity or on the balance sheet."
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Financial Reports, 2005.
An overview of the purpose and use of different types of financial statements.
1,787 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how all the information accountants gather about a company is used to prepare documents referred to as financial statements and how, although there is no consensus regarding which documents are financial statements and which aren't, there are several universally accepted papers of which the income statement and the balance sheet are excellent examples. It explores different examples and uses of these financial statement, such as the cash-flow statement and the statement of capital.
From the Paper
"The financial operations of a company have to be kept under strict observation. Investors need to know exactly what is the position of the company, so an objective opinion is required. This is where the auditors come in. Auditing may be defined as "a systematic process of objectively obtaining and evaluating evidence regarding assertions about economic actions and events of an economic entity to ascertain the degree of correspondence between assertions and established criteria and communicating the results to users". Of course that auditing is an expensive operation, but the safety it brings makes it worth the effort. Auditing is mandatory for certain companies, especially when the interests of a large number of people are at stake."
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Technical Analysis in Finance, 2005.
An overview of the concept of market analysis, using technical analysis techniques.
1,683 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at technical analysis, a method to forecast price movements and market trends, by analyzing charts of the past market action, which consider the account price of instruments, volume of trading and, should it be applicable, the open interest in the instruments.
Outline
Technical Analysis
Qualitative Analysis
Fundamental Analysis
Technical Analysis Versus Fundamental Analysis
From the Paper
"Hence technical analysis concentrates on the study of the market prices themselves rather than an evaluation of those factors directly. This method requires a detailed study of, besides other things the actual daily, weekly and monthly price changes and is expected to give the most effective means to capitalize on the future direction of price movements. These strategies most often use a set of mathematical measurements and calculations to keep track of the market activity. Buy and sell decisions are then made on the basis of the output generated by the charts, manual calculations, computers or all of them put together."
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WorldCom, 2005.
A look at the unethical business conduct of communications company, WorldCom.
1,814 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the unethical management and business conduct of WorldCom and its CEO, Bernard J. (Bernie) Ebbers. The paper details Ebbers's ethical failures in his attempt to make WorldCom the number-one stock on the market and describes the consequences of his mismanagement.
From the Paper
"While much of the business world was gnashing its teeth over the dot-com bust, telephony was having a bad day, or at least, that portion of it that had been subsumed into giant WorldCom was. In 2001, ?The number of competitive local telephone companies in operation dropped to 150 from 330 the previous year, and long distance carriers lost pricing power and market share to the regional Bell and other local telephone companies. Many companies had entered the market for Internet services in the late 1990s, and the resulting expansion in network capacity led to a glut in the market? (Zekany et al, 2004, p. 101+). That situation might lead some CEOs to err on the side of caution, but the CEO of WorldCom, Bernard J. (Bernie) Ebbers, was riding a huge wave of publicity, generated by his own grandiose scheme for WorldCom to become Wall Street?s all-time Number One stock."
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Budgeting Basics, 2005.
Analysis of the Atlantico Company's budgeting policies and recommendations for improvement.
863 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a brief explanation of the theoretic basics of budgeting and then proceeds with an analysis of the budgeting policies of the Atlantico Company. The paper concludes with recommended alterations for Atlantico's financial policy. Included at the beginning of this paper are different tables on Atlantico budgets, an income statement, and a balance sheet.
From the Paper
"Another advantage budgeting is that is confers managers increased control on the business, based on variance analysis. Noticing unfavorable variances may trigger certain responses, which have the capacity to solve the already existing problems and to prevent future ones from appearing. For instance, if costs are too high, waste may be cut out or an expensive supplier might be changed. Should the sales be too low, a supplementary effort in advertising, promotion or sales could prove useful. If there is a problem with low production, the manager could look for bottlenecks in order to remove them or he/ she could try to raise labor efficiency."
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General Electric, 2004.
A discussion about the equity, cash flow, and notes analysis for the General Electric Company.
880 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the specific components of the statement of changes in owner?s equity and statements of cash flows from line items to balances in General Electric. The paper discusses the changes in those balances from the prior year, presents possible specific explanations for any changes from the previous year, and suggests how management can use that information in helping the business to achieve its goals.
From the Paper
"General Electric still stands tall in the public?s estimation and in its international reputation as a pioneer of Six Sigma management policies regarding internal quality control. (Six Sigma, 2004) According to its annual report, GE Share owners? equity increased $8.9 billion, $4.3 billion and $7.9 billion in 2002, 2001 and 2000. Thus, the performance of the General Electric company in sheer dollar terms continues to improve, not simply as a statistical blip between the current financial year and the financial year of the past, but steadily, and over time. The increases were largely attributable to net earnings of $14.1 billion, $13.7 billion and $12.7 billion. These increases were only partially offset by dividends declared of $7.3 billion, $6.6 billion and $5.6 billion in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively."
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International Accounting, 2005.
An evaluation of research theories and methodologies in accounting.
2,387 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper describes and evaluates research theories and methodologies in order to classify accounting systems internationally. The paper explains the purpose of classification and the two methods used for classifying international accounting systems, looks at some of the problems of these methods of classification, and touches briefly upon the impact that culture and society values have on accounting.
From the Paper
"Classification of international accounting systems has many purposes, as it aims to help financial users to better understand each system and to contribute to the harmonization of these heterogeneous systems. Classifications intend to sharpen the description, analysis and prediction of accounting systems (which refers to the extent to which national systems are similar or not, the pattern of development of systems, which may have important potential for change, and the reasons why some systems dominate others), to help describe and compare different national systems in order to better understand them, to make assessments of harmonization prospects, to guide national policy makers in taking the right steps in order to achieve full economic development, to help developing countries choose appropriate systems, which would not impede but facilitate their development, and to help MNEs overcome problems of establishing control systems."
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Consolidation of Financial Statement Analysis, 2005.
A look at whether the present effort to improve the securities laws in the U.S. as well as the financial reporting and disclosure laws is achieving its objectives.
3,734 words (approx. 14.9 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the current effort at reform of securities laws in an attempt to determine whether those reforms will be effective in avoiding another Enron-type crisis. The paper reviews literature relevant to this topic and makes an assessment as to the viability of the reforms in view of the scope of the problem. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.
Executive Summary and Synopsis
Introduction
Explanation of Clarke and Oliver Observation
Analysis
Financial Statement Composition Today
?Patching Up? Initiatives
Sufficiency of Initiatives to Date
From the Paper
"However, in contrast to the ?on market? exchanges, derivative transactions that are conducted ?off market? (these are, in effect, non-standard direct contracts between bilateral parties), have attracted increasing attention from regulators with good reason: ?Over the past decade or so, the volume of such transactions, across a wide swath of asset classes and instruments, has been extraordinary? (Warner 2001, p. 5). In the market in which Enron competed, schedules of fees for buying and selling securities are not fixed, and dealers derive their profits from the markup of their selling price over the price they paid. The investor may buy directly from a dealer willing to sell stocks or bonds that he owns or with a broker who will search the market for the best price."
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Due Diligence, 2004.
This paper discusses the due diligence process and provides a checklist as used in the case of the ChipeX Company.
1,605 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that venture capitalists make appropriate risk assessments, called due diligence, to find out if they are really and truly buying the company, an interest, or a product as presented in that infamous ?fine print?. The author points out that the checklist delineates a request for various kinds of documents from the company or the producers in question with whom the venture capitalists are dealing. The paper relates that the due diligence checklist includes a list of banks or other lenders with whom the future company might have a financial relationship, including credit agreements, debt instruments, and other agreements evidencing outstanding loans to which the company is a party or was a party within the past two years.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Checklist
Corporate Documents Regarding ChipeX Company and Subsidiaries
Issuances of Securities
Material Contracts and Agreements
Employees and Related Parties
Memo
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This is a financially chancy and dicey time for technological investment. According to some of their independent analysts, the microchip to be developed by the aforementioned former members of ChipeX Company is a sure thing. This alone, however, should raise red flags. Even though the technical viability of the product has been sung in its praises by many technologically forward independent experts, in business, particularly the business of technology, experience and the dot.com bomb has taught us all that there is no sure thing."
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Real Option Valuation, 2004.
This paper discusses the Real Option Valuation technique as compared to other measurements used for long-term investment decisions.
2,985 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Real Option Valuation technique, which involves the prediction of the returns with an assumption that the asset valuation is closely connected to the management of assets, is an alternative over the discounted cash flow technique. The author clarifies that the Real Options Valuation technique emphasizes the value of the flexibility of the management while making decisions during the operation of the project; thus, it integrates the strategic planning options, such as to include, defer, abandon and other choices, which prevents committing error decisions. The paper relates that a weakness of the Real Options Valuation approach is that it neglects the influence of other parties.
From the Paper
"The terminology, Economic Value Added, is also used to mean the economic profit. A positive economic profit indicates greater returns of the company over the cost of capital. In order that the company operates with a real profit it should be ensured that the returns are more than the cost of capital conversely it leads to loss. The long term investments are associated with uncertainty, and therefore necessitate firm decision making techniques analyzing and estimating the probability of outcomes taking and the values of these expected outcomes. Even though the firm managers try to put all their efforts for reducing risk taking assistance of the best possible information available, the uncertainty of weather and markets cannot be avoided. This makes essential the firms to depend upon the various decision making techniques while making strategic long term investments."
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