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Market Socialism, 2005.
An overview of market socialism with a focus on Eastern Europe.
1,990 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at market socialism - a theory that advocated an amalgamation of capitalism (specifically the free market) and socialism. It discusses when and why market socialism came into being and how it fits in with Marxist ideas about the market. It also examines the effect of the collapse of socialism in Eastern Europe and in particular, where Yugoslavia fits into socialist theory.
From the Paper
"The critique of real existing socialism resulted in some socialists adapting existing theories (e.g. market socialists) while other academics saw the failure of state socialism as an indication that socialism was finished: 'It is the failure of both the political right and the left to disentangle the concepts of private ownership and the competitive market that has led to the premature obituaries for socialism.' 'A reasonable person might expect that recent events in eastern Europe would put this proposal [market socialism] to permanent and well-deserved rest.' With the failure of Soviet style socialism, market socialists saw an opportunity to improve on Marxism by incorporating the market into socialist theory. "
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The European Union, 2005.
This paper discusses the emergence of the European Union (EU) as a military actor.
2,240 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, since its inception, several events have conspired to push the European Union (EU) towards implementing foreign and security policies and military intervention; the ethnic conflicts on the doorstep of Europe in the Balkans and specifically the failures in Bosnia and Kosovo have prompted EU leaders to consider the role of the EU in military and humanitarian concerns. The author points out that, in the war on terror, the American response was 'shock and awe'; whereas, the 'European way of war' includes not only the Petersberg Tasks of peacekeeping and humanitarian aid but also trying to deal with the congeries of economic, political, social and human factors, which, if left unaddressed, can contribute to conflict and to support for terrorism. The paper concludes that the EU's identity as an actor on the world stage, as it has developed over the years, has proven it to be a successful economic and political participant in world affairs and, therefore, has been obliged the EU to take responsibility for international conflict and humanitarian crises in its capacity as a major world actor.
Table of Contents
Bosnia
Kosovo
Macedonia
Congo
The End of the Cold War
The 'War on Terror'
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The massacre at Srebrenica in Bosnia, July 1995 was called 'the worst mass murder in Europe since 1945'. The massacre was the culmination of civil war between Serbs and Muslims, brought about through ethnic rivalries. At the time, the United Nations (UN) was in official command of troops in Bosnia and had designated Srebrenica a safe zone for Bosniaks (Bosnian Muslims), but the UN troops (under a Dutch commander) found themselves unable to intervene. The troops, called in for peacekeeping and humanitarian aid, were not authorised to engage with the Serbs. While the EU with its newly formed Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) attempted negotiations, it was a case of too little, too late."
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Josef Stalin and the Birth of Soviet Russia, 2002.
A personal account of the rise of Josef Stalin and the effects on the Polish people through a first-hand, personal interview of a gulag survivor.
5,000 words (approx. 20.0 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 126.95
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Abstract
A detailed paper that outlines the history, rise, fall and death of Josef Stalin in Soviet Russia. It contains the first-hand account of capture and imprisonment in a gulag by the author's grandfather, a Polish citizen at the time.
Paper Outline:
The Man
The Ascendance
The Terror
The War
The End
From the Paper
"Iosif Vissarionovich Djugashvili was born December 21, 1879 in Gori, Georgia; a small agricultural town situated about one hundred miles east of the Black Sea. Iosif was the son of an alcoholic cobbler and a pious peasant woman. He grew up with no siblings, because the families' first three children had died shortly after birth. Consequently, young Iosif was treasured by his mother who made great sacrifices throughout her life for him. An extremely hard-working woman, Yekaterina Djugashvili worked as a domestic servant to augment her husband's meager earnings. However, even the parents' combined incomes were not enough to keep the small family above the poverty line."
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Romania: A Country Study, 2005.
Analysis of Romanian society using UN's Human Development Report data; particular focus on health policy and administration.
4,848 words (approx. 19.4 pages), 21 sources, MLA, $ 123.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews Romanian history, details its people, location, and climate, and then delves into the issues outlined in the United Nations' millennium goals. Charts on approximately 20 different measures of health, economic well-being, technology, education and gender relations are included; current health issues are explored and changes proposed.
From the Paper
"Slightly larger than the state of Michigan, Romania is a republic in Southeastern Europe, bordered by Ukraine, Bulgaria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, and the Black Sea. The Danube River defines Romania's border with Bulgaria and much of Yugoslavia, while the Carpathian Mountains separate it from Hungary and Ukraine. Much of interior Romania contains lowlands and large saltwater lagoons, offshoots of the Black Sea (Carter 18). Far from being the gray wasteland the West often pictures, Romania experiences hot summers and cold winters, with recorded averages ranging from 95 degrees Fahrenheit in August to 15 degrees below zero during the coldest parts of the year. Romania's average annual rainfall ranges between 20 and 40 inches; for purpose of comparison, Lexington, Kentucky has an average annual rainfall of 44 inches (NART)."
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The Formal Dissolution of the Soviet Union, 2005.
Investigates the events leading up to and surrounding the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses the circumstances surrounding the formal dissolution of the Soviet Union on December 8, 1991. During this time, the Soviet Union was formally disbanded, and the world was forever changed. The essay explores the historical significance and political implications of this event. The essay also focuses on the formal conclusion of the Cold War and how this changed the international political structure.
From the Paper
"On December 8, 1991, the leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and the Byelorussian republics met in the sylvan solitude of Belovezhskaya Pushcha to discuss the fate of the Soviet Union. At the end of the day, the leaders declared the formal dissolution of the Soviet Union and the new formation of the CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States). Little did they know that this pivotal decision would alter the political landscape of the entire world. The historic edict paved the way for a unipolar world in which democratic systems of government would dominate world politics and international trade. As the Soviet Union quickly dissipated, the arms race slowed considerably and neared a halt. The Communist backbone of Asia, held together by Moscow, split and severed into several independent countries and republics."
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The Current Situation in Kosovo: European Union Involvement, 2005.
Provides a discussion of the current situation in Kosovo, regarding the political, social, economic and human rights issues in the area, as well as the European Union and United Nations' policies and actions to address these issues.
2,965 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
The political fate of Kosovo is still unclear. Since June 1999 Kosovo is under the supervision of the international community. The Serbian state refuses to grant independence to Kosovo while the ethnic Albanians in the area are either pro-independence or pro-union with Albania oriented. This paper aims at estimating the current political and economic situation in this region and at evaluating the EU involvement in Kosovo as a stabilization tool and trigger of reforms.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
The Political Situation in Kosovo
Human Rights Issues and Social Situation
What was the EU Financial Assistance to Foster these Ongoing Changes in Kosovo?
Overview of Economic Stability
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"There are still a lot of legislative gaps in Kosovo's Civil Servant Law, such as the lack of a unified salary system. The maximum period of an employment contract, according to its regulations is three years, without any specifications for further extension(Stabilization and Association Report, p.54). A trend towards politicization of the civil servants can be observed. Structures such as the Independent Oversight Board and the joint UNMIK-PISG Steering Board on Public Administration were established to act against and prevent such kinds of corruption".
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The Russo-Japanese War, 2005.
Discusses the strategies of both sides in the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905).
2,380 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper examines to what extent did strategic preparation for the Russo-Japanese War determine the success of the belligerents in its outcome. It also looks at which side did the better job of planning for the termination of the war. The paper shows that there is no doubt that the Japanese were more prepared than the Russians in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. While the Russians were trying to become an imperial nation without understanding the costs associated with being one, the Japanese drew up a plan to confront the Russians. The keystone to this plan included a naval buildup to control the seas surrounding Japan, and a system of alliances that would eliminate foreign intervention. In addition, Japan studied its enemy and devised a strategy that would cripple the Russian fleet and capture the Korean peninsula. The paper shows that the Russians had no plan except for the complete overthrow of Japan and its disarmament. While Russia did not use the tools necessary to win a decision, Japan planned and executed an almost flawless limited war against a much greater power.
Paper Outline
Introduction
The Seeds of War
Preparing for Battle
Balance of Power
Planning of the War
Termination of the War
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"As stated previously, Japanese strategists had studied the future conflict and made key assumptions. These assumptions focused on the fact that Japan had to prevent Russia from escalating the conflict and asserting its full strength in the war. Lastly, Japan would have to convince Russia that it could not win. It has already been seen that escalation would have been difficult as Russia was already diplomatically isolated and could not bring in new allies. In addition, Russian could not truly expand the war since Japan controlled the seas, and an attack on the Japanese islands was unlikely. Lastly, since Japan had limited objectives and never invaded Russian soil, the quantity and quality of Russian troops never developed."
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Ukrainian Political Development, 2005.
An analysis of foreign influence in the Ukrainian democratic elections.
2,100 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
The relationship between Ukraine and Russia is arguably the most important factor in the future politics of Eastern Europe. Thus, Ukraine serves as a beacon for alternative nation-building strategies in former countries of the Soviet Union. As these countries move towards democratic governments, other influential countries begin to get involved with their election process, such as the United States. This paper shows that the prospects of political stability and the formation of a democratic government are vital issues for Eastern Europe that are being resolved in Ukraine. The election of Viktor Yushchenko, as the President of Ukraine, has become a symbol for the possibility of the establishment of a democracy in Ukraine. The paper, therefore, addresses the question whether the election of Viktor Yushchenko was a product of Ukrainian democracy or whether the United States was directly involved.
From the Paper
"Chossudovsky also provides another possible reason justifying United States involvement in the Ukraine election. The notion that the United States supported the election just to undermine Russia has credence. Vladimir Putin publicly endorsed Viktor Yanukovych, who favored stronger ties with Russia (Calvary Chapel Mission, 2005, p. 10). This alone would give the United States a reason to push for the successful election of the pro-western candidate. The United States hoped that with the election of Yushchenko, the democratic and free-market societies of Russia and Ukraine would overcome their history and become successful neighbors."
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Isaac Babel?s ?The Collected Stories?, 2005.
This paper discusses "The Collected Stories" by Isaac Babel, ranked in the category of Russian short fiction only to Chekhov.
1,520 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Issac Babel's "Collected Stories" include finely chiseled stories about a Jewish intellectual assigned to a military unit of anti-Semitic Cossacks as in "The Red Cavalry" and stories about encounters with grotesque figures in a Jewish ghetto as in the "Odessa Tales". The author points out that, despite the unending conflict of his personal, religious and political life, Babel appears not to rant against the cruelties of the society, which he exposes in his succinct and sparkling narratives; instead, he uses dynamic metaphorical storytelling to demonstrate this conflict. The paper relates that totalitarian states cannot tolerate writers like Babel, who, along with dozens of other Russian writers, was hauled off to the Gulag because they did not satisfying the Bolshevists.
From the Paper
""Lyubka," a massive woman nicknamed "The Cossack," runs a bordello in Odessa where she also deals in contraband goods. The story turns ironically on the reversal of sex roles when Lyubka makes a wily schlemiel the manager of her inn and bawdyhouse because he finds a way to wean her wailing baby when no one else can. He places a sharp comb next to her breast and the baby, after bawling in pain from having his mouth pricked, finally accepts a bottle. Life in the ghetto or among the Cossacks is incongruous and improbable; but Babel's uncanny juxtapositions of cruelty, comedy, and figurative celebration save his short stories from the cloud of fantasy."
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temporarily unavailable
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The Future of 'Europe', 2005.
This paper examines the novel "Cafe Europa" by Slovenka Drakulic, and offers insight on the future of Europe as a united entity.
1,550 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 0 sources, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper uses some of Drakulic's examples of cleavages between Eastern and Western Europe to define the obstacles that stand before a united Europe. It points out that language barriers, currency, nationalism, and distrust are but a few of the aspects that keep Eastern and Western Europe divided, yet many political scientists see a future for Europe in which these cleavages dissolve.
From the Paper
"Through encounters with border police, stories of traveling, hygiene, and personal accounts across Europe, Slavenka Draculic, author of Cafe Europa captures many aspects of the strong social and economic cleavages that continue to divide Eastern and Western Europe. The question provoked by the book, that is, the future for Eastern Europe and its acceptance by the West, is a complex one."
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Turks in Germany, 2005.
Immigration and national identity in the European Union:The case of the Turkish community in Germany.
2,954 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the new reality for immigrant population groups in European countries. It looks at how the European Union's open-door policy has allowed for freer movement of immigrant group throughout the continent and discusses how this affects demographics and socialization of these groups. This paper focuses on the Turkish community in Germany.
From the Paper
"The ebb and flow of people across borders has been always been a concern for nation-states and with the creation of the European Union this concern has not stopped or ceased but rather intensified within the community. As nationalism disappears in the wake of European integration replacing it will be a European identity yet to be defined. How these communities have integrated their new neighbors as well as the government's response to the increased social and economic strain is an indicator of times to come."
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