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The Effect of Labor Policies on Productivity, 2008.
A discussion on how US labor market polices have had a negative effect on employee productivity.
1,720 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, for over 20 years, workers have been faced with the dilemma of lack of job security, which has led to decreased productivity. Another major change that has affected productivity is American corporations' shift of focus away from making employees feel secure and appreciated, or providing them with ample pension and health care benefits plus wage increases to outpace inflation. The paper points out that, instead, the new focus of American corporations emphasizes the fiduciary responsibility to the stockholder and maximizing profits. The paper also adds that advanced technology, requiring less people but more skilled workers, and government labor policies, which removed trade barriers making it easier for American companies to outsource labor and relocate to countries with low labor costs, have had an adverse effect on American worker productivity and the American middle class. The paper concludes that the corporate/business paradigm shift from employee to stockholder is the most significant factor leading to reduced employee productivity and the erosion of the American middle class.
Outline:
Introduction
Hypothesis
Background Research
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Lack of job security is not a problem new to 2007, or even 2000, but one that has been on the rise since 1972. American companies have downsized dramatically since the late 1970s.
"In the first downsizing wave, 12% of the out placed workers left the workforce completely, 17% remained unemployed after two years. Of those finding new employment, 31% took a wage reduction of 25% or more and 32% of worker's wages were reduced by one to twenty-five percent while only 37% found no wage loss. These figures translate to 63% of people finding replacement jobs that are inferior to what they held prior to being downsized."
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Microeconomics, 2008.
An analysis of anticompetitive legislation and antitrust laws in the United States.
779 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper illustrates the negative impact that the federally mandated minimum wage has on the economy as well as the individual low income worker. Additionally, it examines the body of anticompetitive legislation. The paper argues that this anticompetitive legislation actually results in monopolistic structures and anticompetitive behavior by privileging some parties over others.
Outline:
Abstract
The Federal Minimum Wage
Antitrust Laws
From the Paper
"The fact of the matter is that Microsoft owns the operating system as well as the web browser and is simply fulfilling a consumer desire to achieve fully integrated functionality. Additionally, since its product in the form of the browser is free Microsoft cannot be said to actually be generating revenue from this strategy either. However, the indictment against anticompetitive legislation rests in its tendency to quell innovation in the open market because companies are unable to fully capitalize on their products and services because of the artificial constraints placed upon them by government regulations."
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A Change in Liberal Democracy, 2008.
A discussion of the shift in the ideology of liberal democracy.
2,142 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the existence of the Cold War had many effects on liberal democratic states and also affected to a degree the way in which democracy was, and continues to be, understood in these states. The paper explains that this includes the United States, which in some ways has come to see democracy as a given that more and more people have been willing to give up aspects of a democratic state in the face of a threat, as has been seen in the acquiescence of the people to a variety of intrusions on their democratic rights since 9-11. The paper also discusses how the success of democracy in the Cold War should have solidified that political ideology as to be preferred, but its very success seems to have opened it to new threats from within. In conclusion, the paper shows that more and more, liberal democracies are defining themselves in terms of collective security over individual preference, and this signals a profound shift in thought that only makes the future more uncertain.
From the Paper
"Schlesinger says that America in the past has stood as an example of a federal, multi-ethnic society that worked, but he seems to believe that this is no longer the case. The U.S. has worked because it has been able to offer answers to the question of what reasons are there for different ethnic groups to see themselves as part of the same nation. Schlesinger now sees an eruption of ethnicity in America, which may have many good consequences, but which he also believes has many bad consequences."
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Globalization, Europe and Great Britain, 2008.
A look at the impact of globalization on the welfare state in Europe and Great Britain.
3,071 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that globalization has had some striking consequences for the people of Great Britain, for the people of Europe (principally Western Europe) and for the social policies geared towards assisting them. The paper suggests that globalization has been a negative force in the lives of working-class people and that, even if it has not quite led to the contraction of social welfare policies in Europe and in the UK, it has certainly served as the external impetus keeping governments from doing all they might on behalf of the less-fortunate. As a final point, the final part of this paper asserts that France has been relatively more resistant to the de-centralizing forces of globalization than either Britain and Germany, but there is simply no evidence that any of these three major countries have been able to escape the neo-liberal pressures of the global marketplace.
From the Paper
"At the same time as the United Kingdom finds itself burdened with a society that is more polarized than ever before, it must also be borne in mind that the state - courtesy globalization - is seen by many has having less control over internal matters than ever before. Furthermore, countries like Great Britain have been forced to acknowledge that the new logic of globalization splits apart the traditional coupling of economic growth with an increase in social standards; in other words, a country can grow more economically powerful without necessarily seeing the living standards of many of its working-class families increase (Mishra, 1998)."
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Money and Banking Concepts, 2008.
This paper explores interest rates, the economy and finance management.
1,386 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the monetary and banking system with respect to several theories regarding interest rates. The paper looks at some guiding principles with respect to the economy and financial infrastructure. The paper also examines several risk structures and risk assessment models.
Outline:
Abstract
Loanable Funds Theory
Liquidity Preference Theory
Risk Structure of Interest Rates
Bank Management Principles
From the Paper
"Economics has long relied on the concept of supply and demand in the free market as one of the fields most basic tenets and this is just as true for monetary theory. In terms of interest rates and interest rate determination, the loanable funds theory of interest states that the interest rates in the market, all other things being equal, are determined through the supply of funds in that market as well as the availability of funds for lending (Walter, 2004, p.89). However, within this loanable funds theory of interest there are several related factors that affect the interest rate specifically which must be accounted for. On such basic economic premise is that the supply of loanable funds is controlled by the amount of savings in the market and the average increases in overall deposits which affect the amount of loanable funds."
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The Argentina Debt Crisis, 2008.
This paper explores the debt crisis in Argentina and its causes.
2,178 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the debt crisis in Argentina that helped plunge the nation into a financial crisis in 2001. The paper argues that much of the blame should be directed towards the Argentine governments' policies of the 1980s and early years of this decade. The paper also contends that the IMF (International Monetary Fund) should be criticized but stresses that both parties share the blame.
From the Paper
"The debt crisis which wracked many developing countries in the early 1980s (and thereafter) came about because of overly-extravagant domestic policies and exorbitant government spending - at least according to a United States Department of State dispatch from 1994. In any case, the developing nations - which obviously did not have huge tax bases or swollen coffers like their confreres in the developed west - were confronted with huge budget deficits and with overvalued exchange rates. According to the US State Department, the developing world (or at least many of its constituent nations) relied on short-term, variable rate loans to get them through the fiscal crises of the period - but those policies made them susceptible to the depredations brought about rising interest rates."
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Collaborative Job Outsourcing, 2008.
This paper analyzes the positive and negative aspects of collaborative job outsourcing for developmental projects.
1,240 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer analyzes a collaborative perspective on developmental projects that are normatively associated with outsourcing jobs. The writer notes that by understanding the positive aspects of corporate structural development through job outsourcing, one can realize the greater profits gained by having accesses to low wage job markets on the global scale. However, the writer points out that the lack of stability in third world countries that support these types of job markets are often problematic for American corporate expenses for these developmental operations. In essence, the writer maintains that by analyzing the overall scope of global issues with job outsourcing, developmental projects can be viewed through a positive and negative set of arguments detailing the complexity of collaborative job markets.
From the Paper
"In many ways, the American economy and the free trade aspects of job outsourcing play a large part in how large corporations can make a great deal of money on exportable jobs in the technology sectors. The differing aspects of the global market often produce lower wages, which American companies can utilize to their interest. While the job values for American citizens are much higher, which allows companies to seek these lower wages in third world counties or within the sector of the world where America has influence. In essence, these are the major aspects of the global market, which in turn, affect how job outsourcing has become a modern trend in gaining higher profits for companies that are seeking lower wage job markets overseas to counter the high cost of native worker jobs in America and Canada."
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Japanese Industrial Finance: An Article Review, 2008.
This paper reviews the article "Japanese Industrial Finance at the Close of the 19th Century: Trade Credit and Financial Intermediation" by Y. Miwa and M. Ramseyer.
1,188 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Japan's economic development at the turn of the 19th century with respect to an article published by Miwa and Ramseyer entitled, "Japanese Industrial Finance at the Close of the 19th Century: Trade Credit and Financial Intermediation." The paper is of the opinion that the article is useful and largely successful at supporting the authors' points. The paper points out, however, that the article is prefaced with an over abundance of historical data that is, at best, only partially relevant from a historical perspective.
From the Paper
"This article discusses several issues relevant to the Japanese economic experience during the late 19th century as it relates to financial revolutions that anticipate rapid economic growth. The observation is made that Japan did experience such a financial upheaval but that it was not artificially inspired but rather the natural by-product of private investor demands for greater financial infrastructures. Additionally, the authors observe that while securities existed in tandem with traditional bank credit structures, trade credit was largely relied upon in order to raise capital for ongoing industrial expansion."
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Locke and Rousseau on Economic Inequality, 2008.
A comparison of John Locke's "Second Treatise of Government" and Jean-Jacques Rousseau's "Discourse on the Origin of Inequality".
2,790 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This essay compares and contrasts two theoretical models regarding economic inequality. The first is presented by John Locke in his "Second Treatise of Government", which addresses the origins of economic inequality. The second, which is in sharp distinction to these views, is presented by French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau in his "Discourse on the Origin of Inequality". The paper outlines the strengths and weaknesses of both. It argues that, while both works are very similar in their imagined origins of economic inequality in the early history of property, they differ radically in how they represent property and the justifications for its differing accumulations that ultimately give rise to economic inequality. The paper concludes that Locke envisions property and moderate levels of economic inequality as a good thing, while Rousseau condemns this inequality as a corrupting influence upon human society in every respect.
From the Paper
"However, while there is a superficial similarity between how Locke and Rousseau each conceive of the state of nature, there is one important distinction between the two: property. While Locke conceives, as noted above, of an equality of property as existing in the state of nature, Rousseau contends that the innovation of property itself marked the ending of the state of nature and the beginning of human society.
"This is an important difference, and it goes to the heart of how each philosopher conceives of economic inequality. For example, it is clear from the outset of Rousseau's description of the state of nature and its defining characteristics that he sees property as not only a negative aspect of human society but as being fundamentally illegitimate as well."
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National Security Strategy, 2008.
An analysis of the US National Security Strategy (NSS-2002) and the National Security Council Report 68 (NSC-68).
1,290 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on analyzing a particular aspect of the National Security Strategy, that is, NSS-2002. It uses the National Security Council Report 68 (NSC-68) as a reference point to understand the difference in the perceptions of threat facing the United States and the difference between the two policies. The connection between the two policies highlights some political, economic, and cultural realms that have been affected by the dimensions of the policy. Overall, it is clear that US foreign policy is reactive rather than preventative, since both NSS-2002 and NSC-68 were devised to counter, rather than to prohibit actions that were seen as harmful to the United States. The paper concludes that even domestic policies necessarily affect global economy, due to the integration of societies, thus careful consideration of foreign policy on use of power is imperative.
Outline:
Introduction
National Security Strategy (NSS-2002) and NSC-68: A Critical Review
Conclusion
From the Paper
"What are the similarities and differences between the NSS-2002 and the NSC-68? There is the common misconception that the NSS-2002 is simple about combating terrorism. As can be clearly seen from the eight principles outlines, the NSS-2002 surpasses combating terrorism, but has an overarching aim of promoting free trade and combating all aspects of terrorism. It is necessary to distinguish between state-sponsored and non-state sponsored terrorism, so as to understand how the NSS-2002 integrates all aspects of threats irrespective or origin and devises mechanisms to combat these issues."
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Urban Economic Geography, 2008.
This paper explores neo-liberalism and its implications for the North American urban environment.
2,803 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes neo-liberalism within the context of urban economic geography, while simultaneously providing an analysis that shows its progress and impact within the North American region. The paper focuses on the economic implications of neo-liberalism and discusses how, since there are challenges to neo-liberalism, it is imperative that central themes related to the urban economic geography be analyzed. The paper includes color graphs, charts and diagrams.
Outline:
Introduction
Understanding Urban Economic Geography
Neo-liberalism and Urban Restructuring
Growth of Neo-liberalism in North America - Some Contradictions for Urban Economic Geography
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The paper will provide a unique outlook on geographic thought, since it will be done with the necessary analytical tools used in the social sciences. Urban economic geography is one of the few specializations that can simultaneously analyze a complex issue such as neo-liberalism and its economic and political implications in the domestic and international realm and aspects of urban geography. The analysis will provide some insight into the spatial geographic development within the US as the issue is examined within the urban context."
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An Article Critique: Trade and Labour Standards, 2008.
A critical review of the article "Trade and Labour Standards--Theory, New Empirical Evidence and Policy Implications" by Vivek Dehejia and Yiagadeesen Samy.
804 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the article "Trade and Labour Standards--Theory, New Empirical Evidence, and Policy Implications" where the authors discuss labour standards in high standard and low standard countries, potential links between these labour standards and each market's comparative trade advantages and the relationship between labour standards in general and export markets. The paper shows how the authors are adept at proper research methodologies but maintains that they need to refine their topic and make the subject of the research somewhat more useful for the intended audience.
From the Paper
"Labour standards are an important issue within the context of trade negotiations and the policy formulation which accompanies them. The authors do an excellent job of making the relationship between these two concerns readily apparent to even the average reader that may not be intimately familiar with trade related information. The primary concern regarding labour standards in trade negotiations is how they impact a particular market's ability to leverage comparative trade advantages or in how to construct an equitable tariff structure: "Labour interests in high-standards countries argue that low labour standards are an unfair source of comparative advantage, and that increasing imports from low-standards countries will have an adverse impact on wages and working conditions"(Dehejia & Samy 3)."
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