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Influences on the Duration Character of US Imports, 2008.
An analysis of factors that influence the ways that imports impact the US economy.
1,977 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines several key aspects in which imports affect the US economy in not so apparent, but nonetheless influential ways. It discusses trade theory, the comparative advantage and particularly aggregate goods theories. It then looks at the influence of geography related to trade and specifically the corporate strategies of outsourcing and off-shoring which has led directly to an increase in imports. Finally, the paper discusses the role of immigration and its impact on imports in the US.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Products and Services-Comparative Advantage
Regional Location
Immigration Aspects
From the Paper
"If one were to factor in the increase in the number of foreign immigrants and the factors that are weighted positively in terms of determining qualification for entry, such as Master's Degrees, PhDs as well overall length of time within a certain career field, it is clear that education and job skills are going to concentrated among this immigrant population ("Selection"). These immigrants tend to maintain the professional and social relationships they had in their countries of origin. By maintaining these professional relationships and social contacts immigrants into the US actually come to facilitate expanded trade activity as they recognize opportunity or are actually tasked with sourcing products or services in their home markets by their employers (Rauch 1180-83). Thus, immigration into the US also tends to facilitate expanded trade in the form of imports and, to a lesser degree, exports."
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Market Valuation Models, 2008.
This paper discusses the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and the arbitrage pricing theory (APT).
1,095 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and the arbitrage pricing theory (APT) both depend on the identification and quantification of risk vis-a-vis a given financial device or product and thereby a financial product's volatility. The author points out that the primary assumption of the CAPM is that there exists a relationship between risk and the expected rate of return (ERR) and this relationship is then factored into the pricing structure of financial securities. The paper relates that APT is a model that relies on the integration of several factors at once rather than bundling all factors into a single beta. The paper concludes that the APT is the model of preference because the APT is the only valuation model, which can account for the full spectrum of market and asset-specific factors that can affect price and risk determination within the context of the global economy.
Table of Contents:
Overview
The Capital Asset Pricing Model
The Arbitrage Pricing Theory
From the Paper
"There are several weaknesses with the CAPM, which has limited its effectiveness in the financial services industry. The most prominent of these weaknesses is that it is primarily a single-factor risk assessment method which relies on a single covariance to the overall financial market the security is traded in. This single covariance is the CAPM's beta which is effective in ideal market conditions but when extra-market factors affect change in the market or to the industry in which the security functions, this single-factor aspect becomes less accurate because it cannot accommodate such variance."
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Fast Track Trade Legislation, 2008.
This paper discusses fast track trade legislation and its relationship to other foreign trade issues.
1,535 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that fast track trade legislation in the US is the process by which the President can introduce legislation to Congress involving trade agreements with foreign countries. The author points out that this type of legislation is unique in that there is a time limit on any debate and that the legislation must either be passed without modification or rejected altogether. The paper relates that the justification for fast track legislation is that it expedites trade negotiations with other countries but still allows congressional oversight. The author presents the issues of globalization, natural resource depletion, labor organizations and poverty in relationship to fast track free trade legislation.
From the Paper
"Labor organizations oppose free trade because it can mean a loss of jobs in certain sectors of the U.S. economy. The increase in globalization has also given rise to a large number of U.S. firms relocating production processes to other countries to benefit from cheaper labor costs. Labor intensive industries such as manufacturing and textiles have almost entirely left the United States. While American consumers as a whole benefit from lower prices for these goods when they are imported back to the United States workers who have lost their jobs may have a hard time finding new employment."
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Analysis of Microeconomics, 2008.
An overview of the US economy through the analysis of microeconomics.
2,636 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses different elements of microeconomics that contribute to the overall economy in the U.S. The author of the paper cites research that has been carried out on minimum wage issues and describes how the downturn of the housing market impacts on other sectors of the economy.
Outline:
Minimum Wages
Antitrust Laws
The Housing Industry & Employment
From the Paper
"Economic theory itself tends to undermine the argument that minimum wages are somehow beneficial. Economic theory states that if the price of unskilled labor increases then employers are just as certain to seek alternative labor sources that are less expensive (Wolfson & Belman). In practice, this theory plays out by managers who, when faced with increasing labor costs, refrain from hiring the 3 employees they might have hired were it not for the increased cost of labor and instead only hire two more skilled laborers but still at an overall savings. This point is made exceedingly clear in Solomon's article where she observes that: "At Petite Provence eatery in Portland, co-owner Didier Blanc says the minimum wage...has had an 'aftershock effect' forcing him to raise wages for all employees...the costs are passed on to customers"(par.13). Alternatively, these managers or companies may seek to invest in the automation necessary to ensure that the manual labor is no longer necessary or to off-shore the work entirely to less expensive markets. In that sense, elevating the federal minimum wage does in fact manifest a positive influence on productivity and output because industry is inclined to automate and become more efficient across the board which is good. However, while the minimum wage increase in Portland can be viewed as a positive argument for raising the federal minimum wage, it also indicates that the benefit to the low-wage workers most impacted will be short-lived:"
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in China, 2008.
This paper discusses the role of government policy in attracting
foreign direct investment (FDI) in China.
2,860 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, with the advent of its reformist policies in the late 1970s, China opened what is potentially one of the world's large markets to foreign direct investment (FDI). The author points out that, initially, the government tried to draw that investment into areas that were familiar to emigres resulting in a spectacular influx of FDI. The paper reports that, in subsequent years, the government has attempted to redirect FDI to other areas, with much less success. The author points out that FDI is allocated through the decentralized, largely market-oriented mechanism, which supports the view that the Chinese central government has only a limited capacity to compel private groups and local governments to adhere to policies it believes are in the national interest The paper concludes that China has received a huge amount of FDI, which will have profound impacts on that country in the coming decades.
Table of Contents:
The Reform Period and Foreign Direct Investment
The Goals of Reform
China and FDI: The Initial Success
The Inability to Control Special Interests
The Lack of Social Embeddedness
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Indeed, the change was sufficiently sudden that in several instances, the ideological rationale for the change was not formulated until after markets were opened to foreign investment. The rationale for the new policy was reflected in several areas. In terms of economic development, the Chinese conceded that despite major gains, their economic condition was not improving at a rate comparable to that of other comparably situated countries. The new policies were advanced as allowing China to secure needed new sources of capital, advanced technology, advanced management skills."
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Latin America: A Financial Analysis, 2008.
This paper looks at the debts of Brazil, Argentina and Mexico and their potential financial recovery.
1,238 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the economic policies of Brazil, Argentina and Mexico that led to their high level of debt. The paper then looks at the improvements these countries have made to create a more stable financial environment. The paper discusses how these countries are rich in cost competitive fuel supplies and are involved in the production of bio-fuels. The paper reveals that if these countries could supply enough of these fuels at a cost-effective level, their indebtedness would be an issue of the past.
Outline:
Financial Issues
Improvements
Outlook
Conclusion
From the Paper
"When discussing the countries of Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico it is difficult to think of them in similar context. In fact, a very different picture appears in one's mind with the verbalization of each of the previously mentioned countries (i.e. culture, sun, beaches). However, what should come to mind when discussing these countries is what several individuals share with these countries and that is debt. Argentina as well as Brazil were both competing for the title of "the biggest debtor in South America" in recent years (Davies 35). This was not a proud position to be in but Mexico was a close runner up."
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Modeling Strategies for Financial Hedging, 2008.
An examination of GARCH or generalized auto regressive conditional heteroskedasticity, which is a modeling technique that allows researchers to predict for financial variances.
962 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The predominance of existing research related to hedging strategies relative to the futures markets is typically concerned with agricultural, foreign exchange (forex), and petroleum products. This paper attempts to offer some insight relative to the mathematical modeling techniques which financial hedging strategists employ in order to be successful at mitigating risk. The paper explains that modeling volatility within the financial markets has not received a great deal of academic attention. The paper then looks at how Siddique and Harvey, in "Auto regressive Conditional Skewness" undertook a study of auto regressive conditional skewness which utilized GARCH techniques wherein they concluded that auto regressive models might be successful at modeling time-series variations relative to asset pricing such as stock returns but not necessarily for futures and related hedging strategies. The paper shows that researchers successfully applied the GARCH model to daily returns volatility of two separate futures markets in commodities. The paper concludes that these researchers proved that every hedging entity can adapt these models to develop a functional model that can accurately incorporate intervention related to exchange rate fluctuations into a futures volatility model that works to effectively hedge each entity's particular needs and constraints.
Outline:
Abstract
Garch Modeling
Durban-Watson
Omega Function in Modelling
From the Paper
"Predicting, managing, and leveraging the uncertainty in futures market is however vital if a comprehensive market strategy is going to be developed that enables an entity to efficiently control, or at least manage, the cost-basis of its investments or operating expenses. GARCH techniques can be used to construct models that control, to some degree, conditional variances related to futures as well as spot market prices and allow better management of financial or commodities portfolios."
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Foreign Direct Investment and Government Policy, 2008.
This paper explores the nature of the control that the Chinese government has over its economy, specifically, over foreign direct investments.
3,104 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 25 sources, APA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly considers the "strong" versus the "weak" state-centered approaches and describes the various institutional arrangements which China instituted for allocating foreign direct investment (FDI). The paper looks at the evolution of China's regional development policy between the late 1970s and the present time. The paper then attempts to correlate the Chinese government's regional policy preferences to the allocation of FDI among the provinces. The paper concludes that the central government has only a limited capacity to compel private groups and local governments to adhere to policies it believes are in the national interest.
Outline:
The State Centered Approaches
Strong and Weak Versions
China: A Weak State-Centered Economy
China and FDI: The Initial Success
The Inability to Control Special Interests
The Lack of Social Embeddedness
The Failure of Redirection of FDI in China
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Does a modern government have the power to direct foreign capital investments, such as foreign direct investment (FDI), to particular regions which the government wishes to see developed? To ask this question is to ask if the politics of economic development in a given country is or is not "state-centered." To say that a nation can impose a state-centered approach to issues of economic development is to say that the government can assert authority over both the population it governs and also over actions that take place within its territory. In the modern world, foreign capital investment in developing countries has raised a serious challenge to the assumption that states do control what goes on within their territory."
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Hospital Length of Stay, 2008.
An analysis of hospital operations relative to length of stay metrics.
945 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper uses various economic tools to discuss hospital operations relative to length of stay metrics. The paper concludes that hospitals can increase operating profits and margins by reducing length of stay strategically as a method to funnel patients to higher margin outpatient and diagnostic services.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Overview
Analysis
Outcome
From the Paper
"Another economic model that can be applied to community hospital operations is a demand curve which reveals at what point LOS decrease is most effective relative of hospital services usage rates overall. This is an important metric in hospital operations because in order to achieve and sustain profitability a hospital must elevate its use of services across the board including outpatient care and general medical visitations as opposed to relying fully on occupied hospital beds. This graph indicates at which occupancy rates LOS can be maximized squared by the number of overall patient admittances over a 6 month period."
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Purchasing Power Parity (PPP), 2008.
This document discusses purchasing power parity (PPP) as it relates to exchange rates.
2,055 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper uses the example of the Starbucks Index to demonstrate PPP by taking the average price of a cup of Starbucks' coffee in U.S. dollars and factoring the cost in five separate markets. Additionally, the knowledge gained from this exercise as well as additional research and observation is used to make general observations regarding foreign exchange rates and their importance to internal economies as well as to international industry competitors that must repatriate funds.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology and Results
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Another reason firms seek to expand PPP is because this makes those markets more attractive for FDI since this climate essentially aligns their markets more efficiently with internal production. The fact is that not all FDI is meant or intended to achieve gains in production efficiency or market access. Often, firms implement FDI project because they do already have an established market and wish to move their production and manufacturing facilities closer to that market irrespective of overall cost estimates. While the production costs may be more efficient, this is not necessarily the primary motivator."
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Failure as a Marketing Strategy, 2008.
A discussion of the value of work carried out by designers in today's economic system.
805 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the relative value of design and of designers within the current economic system. Author Nussbaum, author of "Are Designers the Enemy of Design?", is cited as arguing that designers are responsible for much of the world's excess waste and consumption because of a constant quest for product or service revision.
From the Paper
"Design is an innovative process that has quickened with the pace of technology. However, it is arguable if design has been responsible for the seemingly more rapid pace of consumerism over the past several decades as Nussbaum might suggest or if it is merely the vehicle for the competitive entities that must operate within a free market.
"Design and redesign of designs is now commonplace. Where once design configuration might have meant raw survival, it now only means seasonality as in fashion. Nussbaum hits near the mark when he says that design "with a capital D" has occupied itself almost solely with fashion, graphics, products, and similar transient objects which require constant revision in order to stay relevant (2007, para.7). What he seems to be implying is that designers have typically occupied themselves with subjects that have little meaning or any sort of real and lasting impact on society."
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