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International Finance, 2008.
This paper looks at international finance and discusses national reserves.
1,117 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the central bank, which is one of the most important institutions in a country and whose main responsibility is the national monetary policy. The writer notes that many countries can improve the efficiency of their foreign currency reserve by investing the money and generating a return. The writer also points out that, on a global level, the increased efficiency of a central bank's use of reserve would translate into a reduction of financial crises, which would allow institutions such as the International Monetary Fund to redirect its funds to countries that are not yet capable to reach financial stability as well as design policies for those countries targeting their future stability. The writer notes that these are usually third world countries or developing countries with endemic corruption and political instability.
Outline:
The Central Bank - Roles
Reserves Policy - Evidence from Developing Countries
Central Banks and Foreign Currency Reserve Policy Efficiency
From the Paper
"A healthy reserve policy can overcome financial crises, such as those related to the country's balance sheet. Korea stands as a good example in this direction with its 1997 crisis. Investment banks started to borrowed short maturity foreign currencies and invested them in Korean won assets after the market deregulation in 1990. The same banks invested in foreign securities Russian bonds and by the end of 1997 the value of these obligations exceeded Korea's foreign currency reserves. In the context of a general fall of Asian currencies, the investors started to sell the Korean won, which eventually devaluated the national currency and forced the authorities to resort to the International Monetary Fund. The problem was not that Korean wasn't solvent, but that it wasn't liquid and this crisis could have been avoided, if the authorities hadn't let the national liquidity deteriorate so much since the beginning of 1990s."
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Supply and Demand in the Marketplace, 2008.
This paper explains and discusses the concept of supply and demand in the marketplace.
2,454 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that the general concept of supply and demand is that these two notions are essential in correctly allocating resources in a market economy and in correctly forming the price for a certain commodity, where the supply and demand for a commodity meet. In order to refer to both these notions, one needs to closer investigate the law of demand and the law of supply as essential theoretical frameworks in determining the concepts of demand and supply. The writer discusses that when the price cannot be formed at a certain level because a high or low supply or demand, the market will automatically readjust in order to be able to facilitate the new level at which price will be formed. This is one of the great impacts of demand and supply, the fact that they can regulate without a third force intervening.
From the Paper
"The way the price is formed depends on the reaction of the suppliers. On one hand, they can decide that this is an excellent opportunity to increase their own revenues and volume of sales by providing more turkeys on the market and by generating higher sales, given that the demand has increased to a certain level. However, it may be the case that no more turkeys can be supplied on the market, which would lead to the price forming higher than at the beginning. The reason for this is that demand will remain at a high level, but also at a level where it cannot be entirely satisfied by the existing supply on the market. Because of the scarcity, people are going to have to pay more in order to satisfy their need.
"The rise in the price of crude oil comes following a similar rationality. At this point, crude oil seems to be a scarce resource. Indeed, estimates regarding existing consumption and global reserves have shown that crude oil may be exhausted by 2050."
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Foreign Policy and Global Poverty, 2008.
This paper analyzes the foreign policies of farm aid and outsourcing jobs as solutions to global poverty.
1,966 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that farm aid has effectively wiped out local farmers in developing countries that have opened their borders to imports. The paper then looks at how outsourcing jobs to poor countries harms these countries' economies. The paper examines the arguments in favor of these policies but supports the assertion that such policies are not a solution to global poverty.
Outline:
Introduction
Farm Bill Policies
Pros/Cons of the Farm Bill Policies
How the U.S. Farm Aid Policies Affect other Countries
Outsourcing and Foreign Relations
Pros/Cons of Outsourcing as Foreign Aid
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the past few years, foreign relations and related debates involving the application of foreign policies have emerged as a growing concern among federal agencies, foreign governments, and the common taxpayer alike. Out of these debates, foreign aid policy and the affects on world poverty have received the most scrutiny as this issue has several pros and cons on each side. The Farm Bill of 2001 and its upcoming amendments have had a significant affect on the manner in which poorer countries receive aid from richer countries. Although intended to aid poorer countries, the farm bill policies have been detrimental to the real interests of poorer nations, and have contributed to the problem of global poverty."
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Stock Market Indices, 2008.
An analysis of major American stock exchanges and indices used to gauge market performance.
1,066 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper examines three major American stock exchanges: the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq. The paper points out that they collectively represent thousands of publicly traded corporations, mutual funds and other entities, all with different trading prices and market capitalizations. To simplify the complex task of identifying performance trends that can affect the markets and the U.S. economy, a series of indices have been designed to guage market performance. The paper holds that the four most commonly cited indices are the Dow Jones Industrial Average, the Standard & Poor's 500, the New York Stock Exchange Composite, and the Nasdaq 100. The paper concludes that, while each index has its relative strengths and weaknesses, together these indices perform a valuable role in helping both the general public and investment experts make sense of the American stock markets.
Outline:
The Dow Jones
S&P 500
NYSE Composite
Nasdaq 100
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The New York Stock Exchange created the NYSE Composite in the mid-1960s and revamped it in 2003 in what it called an attempt to modernize it and make it more transparent (TSC Staff, 2003). This involved removing mutual funds, trusts and derivatives from the index, which pared down its total membership by about 700. NYSE claimed that, under its old composition, the NYSE Composite was double-counting some companies that were also held in these mutual funds and trusts (TSC Staff, 2003). As part of the changes introduced to the NYSE Composite, NYSE also reset its base value from 500 to 5,000. This type of change has been made before, as the index was founded with only a base value of 50. These changes have arguably not diminished the overall value of the NYSE Composite index. Because NYSE trades many of America's oldest and largest blue-chip companies, it remains the flagship exchange for the American stock markets. Because the NYSE Composite provides a way to measure the overall performance of this important exchange, it will remain a critical stock market index."
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Building Businesses on Kava, 2008.
This paper explores growth strategies for the Kava island.
883 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper attempts to determine the factors affecting the implementation of strategies to serve the Kava population and also create profitable new businesses. The paper evaluates the resources and actions required for the new businesses to succeed and support the decision implementations overall. The paper examines the ethical implications from stakeholders for each solution.
From the Paper
"Kava's economy is a paradox in that certain industries are well advanced; including agriculture, petroleum, natural gas, and tourism, others including banking, education, and healthcare are not. With over 50% of the islands' population being under 15, Kava's long-term productivity as an island nation depends in large part on getting its own population educated so they can run these industries now and in the future. The factors affecting decision implementation first center on the existing industry composition of the island, with exporting agriculture products, petroleum, and natural gas a means for the island and its people to earn a living in addition to attracting visitors through tourism."
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History of the International Monetary Fund, 2008.
A review of the history and evolution of the International Monetary Fund.
3,585 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the history of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from its creation in 1944 and then provides an analysis of its creation, purpose, and function. The paper examines the organization's effectiveness in promoting international cooperation and explains how it maintains orderly exchange arrangements, and then discusses four problems that the IMF has dealt with. The paper also discusses the major transitioning points that caused a transformation of the IMF's policies and then follows with a summary of the research and salient findings in the conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Effectiveness of the IMF
From the Paper
"The effectiveness of the IMF really depends on who is being asked. As Stone (2002) emphasizes, "The interests of powerful countries define the parameters within which the International Monetary Fund operates, and the limits of what it can achieve. The IMF is, after all, an international institution, not a supranational one" (12). In reality, virtually all of the stated purposes of the IMF can be viewed as being means to other ends, and the effectiveness of these purposes relates directly to whose interests are being best served. The general goal of encouraging the economic well-being of the entire world, as expressed in clause 2 above calling for more streamlined international trade, is fairly nebulous. Nevertheless, although it is difficult to place a dollar figure on the IMF's overall contribution to global economic well-being, or even to the growth of world trade since its inception, an extrapolation of how well the organization has prosecuted its stated purposes can be discerned from the growth in international trade that has taken place in the interim. "
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Southeast Asia Regional Issues and Architecture, 2008.
A discussion of some of the detrimental effects of globalization in Southeast Asia and one architect's suggestion to counter them.
740 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the problems arising from the fact that Southeast Asia has become an economic power in the global market. The paper points out that there has been rapid globalization in the region, where major Western companies set up shop, due to lower labor and production costs. The paper argues that, although this has been good economically, not everything is positive with Southeast Asia's growing industrial complex, increased energy consumption, and use of fossil fuel. The paper maintains that this productivity and progress negatively affects the environment and contributes to the global warming. To conclude, the paper suggests a way to prevent the increase of greenhouse gas emissions by setting up a team of architects, engineers, and scientist to design environmentally-friendly vehicles, factories and productivity devices, as well as green houses, buildings and offices that will use solar energy.
From the Paper
"The key issues hounding the continuous and total development of Southeast Asia can only be solved by a leader who is firm but fair, and believes in the spirit and substance of a true democracy. The firmness can imposed on those who rape and pillage the region's natural resources that actually endanger the lives of those in the region but the world too. Fairness must be applied to those who strive to contribute to improving the region without expecting a windfall in return - where seeing the region improve is reward enough. As an architect, I can try and do my best to help solve some if not all of the problems in Southeast Asia. I know I may not be able to solve then all but I can be one person who could make a difference. I will not only be an architect who designs and builds but an architect of socio-political and economic change."
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Media Coverage of Increasing Oil Prices, 2008.
A comparison of different types of media regarding the subject of increasing cost of oil.
2,365 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the way various forms of media present the same story from different, and sometimes even opposite stand points, particularly in the case of the increase in oil prices.
It points out that the presentation of the news depends on two major variables: the importance and relevance of the story, the independent variable; and the target audience of the media channels, the dependent variable. The paper maintains that, although the purpose of media is to inform the population about any significant events in an impartial manner, it has often been used as a means of manipulating the masses. The paper takes a particular look at the significant increase in the media's interest in oil prices over the past few years, revealed in the increased numbers of newspaper articles, news broadcasts, radio programs and Internet videos, articles or posted comments on blogs. The paper concludes that television, radio and internet media channels influences more people by using simpler expressions and explanations than printed publications, such as major newspapers and journals.
Outline:
Research Statement
Resources
Hypothesis
Hypothesis Concepts
Analysis
Hypothesis Test with Data
Tabular Presentations
Data Analysis
From the Paper
"However it is true that one story should be presented in an objective way, it is also true that it needs to be adapted to the target audience and presented in a means that is understood. For instance, the Wall Street Journal is devoted to specialized readers which possess high education. Therefore, the news will be presented in a more complex manner and without numerous explanations, as it is expected that the consumers already possess knowledge of the issue presented. Youtube on the other hand addresses a less complex crowd, the simple citizens, and will explain the issue in a simpler way, accompanied with explanations."
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International Trade on Income Inequality, 2008.
This paper researches the effects of international trade, immigration and the decline of unionism on income inequality.
2,893 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
America as the land of opportunity is a concept that has been around since the country's inception. Americans should have the economic opportunity that is associated with this general concept. As such, the topic of income inequality is of great importance. This paper explores the effects of international trade, immigration, and unionism on income inequality.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Income Inequality
The Effects of International Trade on Income Inequality
The Effects of Immigration on Income Inequality
The Effects of the Decline of Unionism on Income Inequality
Is Income Inequality Getting a Bad Rap?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Rising inequality and decreasing poverty could very well be a consistent feature of the New Economy. Rapid technological advancements have not only created great fortunes for a select few, but have also substantially improved the wages and quality of life for people at the lower end of the economic ladder. A better-educated society has also led to less poverty, while still increasing the income inequality gap, since those with college degrees have a wider spread of incomes. Although income inequality is disturbing, it is far better than poverty. More income inequality, with a faster growing economy, and less poverty is far more desirable than an economy with equal distribution of income but a high rate of poverty. This is not the first time in history that this blend of greater income inequality and reduced poverty has occurred."
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Biofuels, 2008.
An investigation into the introduction and use of "biofuels" in the USA.
2,957 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
The paper states that the US is the largest producer of corn in the world, with the massive overproduction currently directed to producing ethanol. This paper examines the issues relating to corn ethanol production and comparisons are made between corn ethanol and other oil based fuels, as well as a comparison between corn ethanol and other forms of biofuel which have recently been developed.
Outline:
Introduction
Corn Ethanol and Oil Fuels
Importance of Corn Biofuel
Production of Corn Biofuel
Energy Input to Production
Ethanol Practical and Competitive Uses
Other Biofuels
Biologically Based Ethanol
Biodiesel
The Future of Biofuels
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Early reports showed that there was a requirement for more energy in the process of producing ethanol than the energy source would release and there were several other studies in the twenty years which followed which confirmed these findings. The majority of this energy is assumed to come from fossil fuels (Pimentel and Patzek), which implies that corn ethanol is actually no better than simply using fossil fuels when production is taken into account. It has also been shown that the burning of corn ethanol in automobiles also contributes significantly to air pollution. "
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Unemployment and Inflation, 2008.
A discussion of the definitions of unemployment and inflation.
970 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at unemployment and inflation. It begins by listing the various types of unemployment and differentiating between voluntary and involuntary unemployment. It also examines terms such as cyclical, frictional, structural, hidden, and classical unemployment. The paper then defines inflation and tries to determine whether there is a correlation between inflation rates and unemployment rates. It uses graphs and equations in attempt to determine this. The paper concludes by supporting the argument of macroeconomists that there is indeed a correlation between unemployment and inflation.
From the Paper
"Apparently, inflation and unemployment have nothing in common. However, they are tightly connected when we take into consideration the economy of a country. Their connection is not, as one may expect, a direct proportional one, but on the contrary. When the unemployment rate is high, the inflation decreases.
The best way to understand the correlation between the rate of unemployment and the rate of the inflation is by looking into the Phillips Curve. However, there are several economists that consider this perspective as outdated. We will tackle both sides."
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Globalization of Manufacturing, 2008.
This paper discusses perception versus the reality of globalization in manufacturing.
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
The intent of this paper is to provide an overview of both the perception versus the realities of global manufacturing. The writer points out that the reality of outsourcing is that it is a global business dynamic that reflects a company's need to follow the lowest cost of manufacturing, service and support around the globe. In addition, the writer notes that the Internet has forced the responsibility of global competition on previously parochial, regionalized businesses. The writer concludes that that the Internet and globalization has forever changed the face of global competition, and that offshore outsourcing is going to continue and grow due to cost advantages.
Outline:
Summary
Financial Implications for the U.S. Regarding Outsourcing
Offshore Outsourcing Has Become the Political Football of Choice
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The key take-away from the debate at the CEO Forum was not necessarily how key economic indicators are defining varying degrees of growth or lack thereof in the American economy. Rather, the discussion made one very glaring and uncomfortable fact true; unions and their usefulness are quickly losing relevancy, and in a globally competitive arena, labor costs will make or break the long-term competitive strength of any nation. Artificially inflated labor rates, as Ford Motor Company has done for example, are a strategy that no longer works as the auto company's recent financial performance proves. Jobs and professions that require brains over brawn and muscle dominate high growth professions, and while Democratic party officials worry about the loss of their constituents from unions, the broader fear that needs to be confronted is equipping the next generation of American workers with the intellectual tools to compete, not simply an attitude of entitlement that tends to pervade households where multiple generations have been in unions."
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