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Improving Students' Literacy Skills, 2008.
An analysis of four literacy methods and strategies in order to determine which is the most effective.
5,075 words (approx. 20.3 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 127.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the effectiveness of different teaching methods for middle school and high school students. It takes a look at the traditional textbook-based, passive method of instruction. It then introduces four new methods: the experimental method, the concept mapping method, the ABC method of questioning, and the question answer relationship (QAR) method. The paper's primary experimental hypothesis is that a traditional, textbook-based, passive method of instruction is less effective then all four literacy methods tested. Its secondary hypothesis is that all four literacy methods are less successful without an element of hands-on direct involvement with practical learning materials integrated into the lesson. The paper concludes that future avenues of research should include studies designed to identify which of the four literacy methods represent the optimal combination of hands-on active participation lesson materials with instructional elements.
Outline:
Introduction
Experimental Hypothesis
Experimental Method
Class Discussions and Discussion Maps
Concept Mapping
ABC Method of Questioning
QAR Method
The Use of Visuals
Identifying Limitations of Literacy Strategies
Analyzing the Application of the Active Instructional Approach
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Discussions are useful for teachers in evaluating students' ideas and building excitement for science. Discussions offer windows into students' thinking, provide students who struggle in reading and writing with a chance to participate more actively in class, and create situations where students can express their ideas differently than in traditional school tasks. Discussions allow students to use their own vocabulary to express their understanding and their peers' ideas to drive their intellectual and academic work of understanding scientific phenomena. Many times learning science is focused on learning content-specific terms and not on understanding and explaining phenomena. Discussions engage students in thinking about their personal experiences and schema and reconciling these ideas with new learning. This process is challenging, but peer collaboration is highly effective. Finally, sense-making discussions are fundamentally scientific because they open a forum that allows all students' ideas to be heard, and for these ideas to be evaluated, connected to their personal experiences of phenomena, and compared with scientific explanations of such phenomena. For example, during a discussion about the heart, the students came to the conclusion that the heart is important because it pumps blood. This led to a question about how the heart pumps blood. During this discussion, I took notes so that later experiments and projects could respond to the questions that my students were asking. The students worked together to generate ideas and understanding and collaboratively generated a question that could deepen their understanding."
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Do School Sizes Matter?, 2008.
An analysis of the article "School Size Matters in Interesting Ways" by S. Mertens, N. Flowers and P. Mulhall.
1,210 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the article "School Size Matters in Interesting Ways" and evaluates how the authors address issues relating to school size and how this impacts interdisciplinary teaming, school climate and student outcomes. The paper examines the introduction, methods and conclusions of the article. The paper shows the strengths of the study and a minor weakness and concludes that the article as a whole appears to address a significant area of need in school investigations.
Outline:
Introduction and Definition of Problem
Methods
Results and Conclusions
From the Paper
"The introduction of the topic relates to the sizes of schools in the United States. There is currently a discrepancy between the viewpoint of parents and teachers relating to the benefits of smaller sized schools and the general trend in school size. Specifically, the authors note that shool sizes have shown a growing trend over the period form 1988-1993. Larger schools are promoted by citing benefits such as a greater variety of activities, more grouping options for students, and more diversity among students and teachers."
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Bilingualism, 2008.
This paper looks at the concept of bilingualism and what it means for the U.S. and its citizens.
942 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the entire world is undergoing a major change with the increase in globalization and becoming a flat enterprise. The writer also discusses that it will be pertinent for future generations to know more than one language to succeed in their careers, regardless of what these occupations may be. In addition, the writer maintains that the U.S. is far behind other countries in terms of knowing other languages. The writer concludes that for the U.S. to remain a successful economically competitive country, it will have to promote more language acquisition among children.
From the Paper
"Over the years, as scholars attempted to define bilingualism, different theories were suggested. For example, in order to conceptualize linguistic organization in bilinguals, in 1953 Weinreich made a distinction between compound and coordinate bilingualism. The compound bilingual had one semantic system and two language codes, and the coordinate bilingual had two semantic systems, and two language codes. Compound bilinguals acquire their languages in a joint context and are thought to store linguistic information interdependently. Coordinates instead acquire their languages in separate contexts and are considered to maintain independent linguistic stores. However, this concept was later negated, because semantic systems often overlap and actually sometimes converge. Today, people do not see the difference so much as distinct semantic systems as they do separate cultures."
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The Montessori Method, 2008.
This paper discusses the Montessori method for childhood education.
1,614 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the Montessori method in terms of the cultural conceptions of children and childhood that are essential to the method. The paper looks at the method's ideas pertaining to the emotional development of children that are combined with fundamental learning objectives in order to ensure educational attainment on all levels of development. The paper highlights how the Montessori method is suitable for all children in all cultures.
From the Paper
"The Montessori method, developed by Maria Montessori, is based on the idea that self-motivation is the key to all learning in childhood. Additionally, the method focuses on the emotional development of children through an educational method of learning practical skills through the use of genuine tools (Logan, Frost, and Rosenberg, 2006). This focus allows the instructor to blend emotional, social, moral, and cognitive development into a holistic learning method aimed at providing a complete learning experience."
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Education - Curriculum Reforms - The Past 25 Years, 2008.
A review of the changes in curriculum over the past 25 years.
1,098 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper defines "curriculum" and states that the educational curriculum has undergone dramatic changes, reflecting the changes in culture today. The paper relates that the educational curriculum has undergone many reforms, as the classrooms of today are filled with students of diverse age, socioeconomic status, etc. and that their diversity is definitely greater today than at any other time in the history of education. This paper analyzes and outlines the reforms in the educational curriculum over the past 25 years and includes a discussion on diversity.
Outline:
Introduction
Definition of Curriculum
Curriculum Reforms
Diversity
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Diverse educational goals, as well as varying life and economic circumstances, produce different patterns in student attendance. What was at one time the traditional college student, a white male of 18 to 20 years old, attending a four-year, liberal arts college full-time, and living on campus, is now a minority student in higher education. In addition to those students, the current college population also includes significant proportions of older students returning to school due to changes in the economy, women's roles, and work environments. Over half of the undergraduate population is over 21 years of age, and 41 percent are over 24 years of age. Another difference is the socioeconomic status of current students. This ranges from those whose families are able to finance their education fully, to adults whose incomes must also cover family expenses, to low-income students who require financial assistance. Students from lower economic and societal classes during their youth have led many of today's college students to value vocational training over learning for learning's sake. As compared to the past, women currently make up the majority of most institutions' undergraduate student bodies."
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Cooperative Learning, 2008.
A research paper looking at the outcome of cooperative learning in lower secondary level students.
10,458 words (approx. 41.8 pages), 22 sources, APA, $ 209.95
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Abstract
The purpose and viewpoint of this paper is to examine the outcome of cooperative learning in schools and especially of lower secondary level student. The teaching tactics of cooperative learning were selected by the author as he has knowledge that it is a successful teaching method when carried out among elementary and secondary students. This paper focuses on the identification of the history of immigrants though wall mural paintings and the eyes of the painters of these murals.
Outline:
Abstract
Target Audience
Background of Cooperative Learning
Statement of purpose
Underlying pedagogical principles / theoretical underpinning
Description of pedagogical approach and processes involved (methodology)
Personal Reflections
From the Paper
"In this paper we will be also be explaining the methodology that will be used in the study. The methodology will encompass the reasons behind choosing a specific tactics, structures and facts that were used as well as explain how they were used. In explaining how a specific method was used, we will emphasize the changing impacts it had when applied in different scenarios such as the classrooms, under and outside my moderation or guidance and in a group scenario.
"Furthermore, we will appropriately mention all additional peripherals that helped us in forming our evaluations like curriculum structures, teaching methods, etc. We will also analyze the results of the difference of impacts along with the expected results and how far these expected results were achieved."
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Faculty Recruitment in Community Colleges, 2008.
This paper looks at methods of recruiting teachers for community colleges.
853 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 25 sources, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper addresses strategies to use to attract and retain high-skill employees in a community college. The paper suggests that if community college administrators pay attention to the basics of marketing, recruiting and retention, they can increase their chances of attracting and keep good candidates once they join the faculty.
Outline:
Types of Employees Being Recruited
Constraints
Current Levels of Dissatisfaction
Recruitment Strategies
Management
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The traditional methods of recruiting teachers, such as tenure and pension benefits, have eroded significantly over time (Holt, 2002). For this reason, employees are finding that private-sector positions offer similar benefits to those offered by community colleges. Budget restraints at the community college level have made it difficult for community colleges to compete for teaching talent with better-funded private and public 4-year institutions (Baker, 1994). Thus salary cannot be competitive with those institutions, and other enticements must be found to find and hire the appropriate employees (SantibaNez, 2004)."
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Acculturative Stress in Hispanic American Students, 2008.
A literature review and research proposal for studying acculturative stress in Hispanic-American students.
4,955 words (approx. 19.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 125.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the literature to identify the environmentals factors the trigger the student's feeling of alienation caused by acculturative stress, and discover the strategies, which instructors should use to remove these issues. Although the paper focuses primarily on Hispanic students, other racial and ethnic groups are investigated. The author concludes that acculturative stress is associated with the feeling of estrangement although it is not clear, which episodes within the classroom environments provoke such feelings. The paper also stresses the need for such research and suggests a methodology.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Acculturation in Various Racial and Ethnic Groups
Acculturative Stress and Educational Needs of Hispanic Students
Conclusion
Methodology
From the Paper
"As for Hispanic immigrants, they adjust to American culture in order to participate in the social network around them, establish and maintain friendly, relaxed and close relationships with the members of the host culture and primarily feel emotional fulfillment with the positive interpersonal experience.
"A number of scholars describe American culture as individualistic, whereas migrants normally come from the countries with higher level of collectivism, which points to the similarity in acculturation frameworks among African, Asian and Hispanic migrants."
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The Tenure System in Education, 2008.
A critique of the tenure system in education.
1,230 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses issues surrounding tenure, a system of professional employment whereby an employee achieves permanent status pursuant to which continued employment is guaranteed, largely without regard to critical evaluation. The paper points out that, historically, the purpose of tenured academic faculty was to ensure the academic freedom to teach material and promote critical insight that could otherwise expose educators to reprisals and intellectual coercion for teaching or promoting views that were controversial or that contradicted the philosophical, religious, or political positions of the government or academic institutions. In principle, the paper adds that academic tenure was designed to promote lifelong devotion to teaching. The paper explains that of the institution of academic tenure is criticized because, in reality, it promotes an initial period of intense career focus and achievement intended more to achieve tenured status than anything else, followed by professional mediocrity for the duration of an educator's professional career. Ultimately, the paper suggests that educational tenure should instead provide appropriate rewards and privileges in conjunction with standards that promote continued performance.
Outline:
Background and History
Conflicting Issues and Criticism of Academic Tenure
Re-evaluating Educational Tenure in Contemporary Society
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In academic institutions, professors are initially hired as associate professors or adjunct professors and only considered for tenured professorships after a term of employment in that capacity; generally, academic tenure is awarded after 5 - 7 years of employment as an associate or adjunct professor. The evaluation for academic tenure usually includes a formal review of an educator's performance, as measured by published research and academic writings, as well as a review of feedback solicited anonymously from a candidate's current and former students (Hohm & Shore, 1998)."
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Charles W. Eliot, 2008.
A discussion on the problem of whether secondary school is a preparation for life or college.
1,749 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper deals with educational researchers and reformers who develop literature to effectively decide as to whether secondary school is a preparation for life or college. The paper discusses how, under the leadership of Charles W. Eliot, the longtime president of Harvard University, the Eliot team changed school programs. The paper concludes that for decades educators have looked for answers to what causes alarming drop out rates. The paper deals with the many facets and argues the idea that secondary education should be a preparation for college and only secondarily a preparation for life.
From the Paper
"Returning to the subject at hand, how the ideas of the Eliot team change schools at the time the committee report was published. The answer is that the ensuing curricular changes developed upon the idea that a well rounded education involved learning abstract concepts, to achieve success in further education, rather than in vocational or practical application standards. The committee's report spurned educators to step away from the demands of the day, to educate individuals for vocation and placed curriculum squarely back in the hands of academic pursuit. Which left those who sought a more practical means to drop out of school, as it was not seen as neccesasary to anything but further education, and seek employment training that would better suit their needs, the exact opposite of the intentions of many educators."
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Promotional Plans for Tertiary Education, 2008.
This paper is a literature review on effective promotional plans for tertiary education (private universities).
870 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper is a short literature review of tertiary educational systems around the world. The paper discusses promotion of this system, along with a number of other challenges the system is facing, including identifying how best to accommodate the increasing number of students, how to mobilize staff and resources, how to develop relevant curricula and teaching procedures, as well as how to remain competitive during a period of skyrocketing costs.
From the Paper
"There are some important constraints and considerations that must be taken into account in developing appropriate promotional plans for tertiary educational institutions in order to ensure their effectiveness, though. For instance, depending on the geographic setting, a promotional plan for a tertiary educational institution could highlight the additional and more lucrative employment opportunities afforded to graduates. For instance, Shavit, Muller and Tame (1998) maintain that the linking of educational qualifications and occupational achievement is the weakest in less stratified and standardized social systems. According to these authors, 'In Ireland -- a weakly stratified system -- employers rely on success in school because this is tested according to nationally standardized procedures, and thus workers' credentials represent their respective rank in the job queue' (p. 7)."
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Training Programmes for New Teachers in Saudi Arabia, 2008.
A research study devised to identify and evaluate training courses in Saudi Arabia for new teachers.
15,108 words (approx. 60.4 pages), 0 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper reports on a research study carried out to identify existing training evaluation activities in the educational department in Riyadh in Saudi Arabia; evaluate the new teacher training course in two levels, reaction and learning, and determine the effectiveness of the evaluation processes in relation to its contribution to the organisation's strategic objectives. Based on these findings, the study makes recommendations concerning further considerations and changes relating to training evaluation processes. To accomplish this, a critical review of the peer-reviewed and scholarly literature is combined with a survey of new teachers to determine their perspective of curriculum development and the effectiveness of their curriculum and faculty in preparing them to become educators. A summary of the research, salient conclusions
and recommendations for policymakers and educators alike are
presented in the concluding chapter.
Outline:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Review of Related Literature
Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-gathering Method, Database of Study and Sample Selection
Data Access and Ethical Issues
Data Analysis
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"In the past decade, there has been a considerable growth and improvement in training as part of the human resource development in many organisations. To account for the worth in the investment of training, evaluation has often been part and parcel in the design of training programmes in organizations. Evaluation is said to help uncover the values of such training efforts. In fact, the importance of evaluation of training has been well documented in training literature. For example, in their book, Academic and Educational Development: Research, Evaluation and Changing Practice in Higher Education, McDonald and Wisdom (2002) emphasise the importance of having an evaluation strategy in place that can be sustained and which has a developmental role, in other words, one that does not just focus on the specific, possible narrow, aims of the curricula but deliberately explores the broader contexts involved. This approach is congruent with the views held by many educational researchers and teachers alike today. For example, according to McDonald and Wisdom (2002), "Most educators who are committed to the ongoing improvement of their practice engage in a cycle of critical reflection on that practice" (p. 45). While many educators remain committed to ensuring ongoing improvement in practice, there remains a paucity of timely research concerning how this can best be accomplished in some settings, which brings up the statement of the study problem discussed further below."
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