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Irradiated Foods, 2002.
This paper discusses the issues pro and con over irradiated food, food treated with radiation to destroy bacteria.
1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 6 sources, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper presents the controversy concerning the safety and long-term health effects of irradiated foods. The paper argues in favor of irradiation by pointing out that it has been used for many years without problems and that many respectable studies have shown that it is not harmful. The author also presents arguments from studies using laboratory animals that there is evidence about carcinogens, chromosomal, genetic hazards and the loss of vitamins and nutrients.
From the Paper
"Supporters of irradiated food cited the fact that this treatment has been endorsed by "such diverse entities as the World Health Organization, the United Nations, the U.S. Public Health Service and the American Medical Association". Moreover, hospitals and nursing homes have fed irradiated food to burn victims and chemotherapy patients for years due to the fact such "immunologically comprised people are particularly prone to infections from bacteria that irradiation destroys".
Astronauts have been eating irradiated food since 1972."
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Human Cloning, 2002.
This paper debates the ethics surrounding the human cloning debate.
1,920 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
The paper begins with some general comments on the pursuit of knowledge and looks at some of the most influential modern-day inventions, such as nuclear energy. It then discusses whether human cloning is possible, tracing the history of cloning research and debating the viability of such cloning. Finally, the paper addresses the moral issues involved in the question of whether a human being should be cloned and the writer expresses his/her personal position on this issue.
From the Paper
"However, no undertaking can take place in a moral vacuum. The implications of new discoveries must be incorporated into the search for them. Atomic power would seem to have been an inevitable step forward in societal evolution. Its benefits are numerous - from the production of electrical power in place of more finite and more immediately "dirty" sources such as coal and wood to the battle against disease -, but it cannot be denied that atomic power already has cost the world much in both immediate deaths (Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Chernobyl) and drastically shortened lifespans (the residents of all three locations who have succumbed to many forms of cancer and related conditions due to exposure to radiation). Indeed, atomic power may someday be the agent of extinction for the very people who sought to harness its awesome energies."
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Can Wireless LANs Replace Wired LANs?, 2002.
A discussion as to whether the new technology of wireless LANs will fully replace wired LANs in the future.
2,872 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper highlights the advantages of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) over wired ones. It explains the option of extending this convenience to our working lives, for example being able to access the Internet from any location. The paper examines what the technology of Wireless LANs is about and describes its benefits and applications. It looks at the constraints holding the technology back, such as security concerns and explores the solutions. Finally it discusses the important question of whether Wireless LANs can ever fully replace Wired LANs or is it a new piece of technology that will ultimately fail to deliver? The writer concludes by arguing that Wireless LANs are likely to grow considerably in the future but probably will not replace Wired LANs altogether.
From the Paper
"The convenience of wireless communication is so overwhelmingly obvious that given a choice, and provided there are no price constraints, almost everyone would prefer wireless instead of wired communication. This is reflected in the widespread use of devices such as remote control for TV, cellular telephones, pagers, and remote garage openers. The flexibility, mobility, and convenience that such 'wire-less' devices bring to our lives are simply magical".
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Human Cloning, 2002.
This paper discusses whether research on human cloning should be allowed to continue.
2,030 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the arguments for and against human cloning. The author takes a close view of the argument against cloning, showing the errors inherent in it. The writer concludes that cloning is not something that will necessarily be evil, but is a technology that can be utilized by society just as society utilizes artificial insemination and other technological innovations.
From the Paper
"The major argument against cloning is based on a philosophical view that focuses on how cloning could be damaging to society. It is this view that tends to create perceptions that cloning will lead to a major breakdown in society. The problem with this argument is that it rests purely on speculation and anything can be argued to be negative based purely on speculation. For example, consider the case of creating children naturally, a case that is accepted as part of society. This society includes that it is accepted that people can create children out of wedlock. To argue against natural childbirth, one could create a scenario where men travel from town to town, taking advantage of poor women and creating children as they do so. These men could be seen as creating an army of similar offspring, just as the cloning argument describes men as creating an army of identical offspring. This scenario related to natural birth is capable of happening, yet this does not cause childbirth to be banned outside of marriage. Instead, society places controls to manage these potential problems. This has shown how a purely speculative approach to the argument only creates misconceptions and causes a bias towards the issue."
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MLPS QOS vs. ATM QOS, 2002.
This paper defines and describes Quality of Service (QOS) in terms of computer networks.
3,717 words (approx. 14.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces QOA and follows with describing its function. It then details the differences between ATM and MPLS, the values of MPLS QOS and ATM QOS, traffic engineering, congestion problems and levels of hierarchy. The conclusion compares two solutions for QOS: an ATM switch and an IP router and touts ATM as the preferred solution. The paper finishes by holding that MPLS QOS could replace ATM QOS, but that is not likely to happen in the near future.
From the Paper
"Simply put, multi-label switching (MPLS) brings the traffic engineering capabilities of asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) to packet-based network by tagging IP packets with "labels" that specify a route and priority (Flannaghan, 2001). MPLS unites the scalability and flexibility of routing with the performance and traffic management of layer 2 switching. MPLS can run over nearly any transport medium, including ATM and Ethernet, rather than being tied to a specific layer-2 encapsulation. Because it uses Internet protocol (IP) for addressing, it uses common routing and signaling protocols.
MPLS was not designed to replace ATM but rather to compliment it. MPLS eases complexity by mapping IP addressing and routing information directly into ATM switching tables. The MPLS label-swapping paradigm employs the same mechanism that ATM switches use to forward ATM cells. In the case of ATM-LSR, the ATM forwarding component performs the label swapping function. Label information is carried in the ATM Header.
MPLS has the ability to run over routers in addition to ATM switches, while providing the control component for IP on both the ATM switches and routers. For ATM switches PNNI, ATM ARP Server, and NHRP Server are replaced with MPLS for IP services yet the ATM control plane remains preserved (Zheng, 2001). PNNI is still used on ATM switches to provide ATM services. Therefore, an IP+ATM switch delivers both ATM for fast switching and IP protocols for IP services in a single switch.
In the past, at a specific performance level, the price of a router was usually higher than the equivalent ATM switch. With IP+ATM LSRs, the forwarding performance is determined by the capabilities of the ATM switches, whereas the functionality is comparable to a router. Moreover, IP+ATM switches may also have similar price and performance characteristics to ATM switches."
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"Sick Building" Syndrome, 2002.
This paper investigates indoor pollutants, focusing on microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOC's).
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 22 sources, MLA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
The paper begins with a general overview of air pollutants and the discovery of "sick building" syndrome. Next the paper focuses the pollutants known as on MVOC's - microbial volatile organic compounds, studying their impact on human beings. It looks at the effects of molds on human health; namely, allergy, infection, irritation of the mucous membrane and sensory, or toxicity. It looks at the products of mold called mycotoxins, and their influence on health. The paper then turns to discuss analysis techniques, listing eight reasons why sampling is difficult. It also records criteria for ensuring the reliable measuring of indoor air VOC's. The third section of the paper deals with the growth and metabolism of indoor fungi and bacteria, focusing on the breeding and multiplying of molds. The paper concludes with a discussion on what can be done to minimize the problem and on the processes involved in treating a "sick building".
Table of Contents
Introduction
MVOCs as Indoor Pollutants and Their Impact on Human Beings
Analysis Techniques
Growth and Metabolism
Conclusion: What Can Be Done
From the Paper
"Air pollution pertains to substances and gases in the air that threaten health and life. Among these are pollutants and irritants, such as nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and carbon dioxide; particulates, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), toxic substances and some natural substances, like pollen. But most of the pollution comes from the by-products of industrialization - fossil fuel combustion, transportation, transportation, power plant emissions and those from other industrial processes. The burning of fossil fuels to generate electricity alone is the greatest source of air pollution in the USA. These outdoor pollutants can undermine health and cause environmental disturbances, such as acid rain, and are toxic."
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Fire Hazards of Trusses, 2002.
A study of hazardous fires in which trusses have caused fatalities.
2,270 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper investigate fire fatalities, caused by faulty structural trusses. It describes specific fires in which burning buildings crumbled onto firefighters and its inhabitants. The paper examines new techniques and equipment used to fight fire in buildings with trusses and it advises on evacuating all rescue personnel from a truss structured building once the roof ignites.
Table of Contents:
The Risks of Trusses in Fire Cases
Fire Suppression Under Trusses Structures
Possible Attempts for Under-Trusses Firefighting
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Structures often play the important role when a building is on fire. Upon many reviews, there are a lot of fires claiming for lives of the inhabitants of the building, but there are also some cases, which had taken the firefighters' lives as well. Such cases should not have happened, but limited information of the building's structures and length of fire could have caused it.
Chesapeake automobile warehouse happened to be a fatal case of fire (NFPA, 2002). The 12-year old building was constructed under lightweight wood trusses. There were two steel frames and another brick construction located at the building. The trusses were built using the combination of wood and metal plates that joined them altogether."
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Stem Cells, 2002.
A paper which argues that the potential benefits of stem cell research far outweigh the moral costs.
1,169 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the controversial stem cell research, including the moral dilemmas put forward by those who oppose this type of research. The author of the paper argues, however, that the benefits in the medical world from stem cell research would outweigh by far the moral costs. The paper argues that since the embryos left over from infertility clinics are going to be wasted anyway, they should be put to use by helping to save someone else's life.
From the Paper
"Last year, President Bush approved the use of federal funds to support limited research on only existing human embryonic stem cell lines. But as proponents of stem cell research have pointed out, this isn't enough. Restricting federal funding to a limited number of cell lines will hamper the progress of the research. Proponents will continue to pressure the United States government to expand these limits and are hopeful that science will benefit from this pressure soon.
Shortly before this decision was made, Sen. Bill Frist, the Senate's only physician spoke at a Senate sub-committee meeting. I am absolutely convinced ... that we can address the use of living tissue, of living cells that otherwise would not be used," said Frist. "I believe within an appropriate ethical construct, we can use that tissue to the benefit of hundreds of others, thousands of others, maybe millions of others." (Wildmoon, 2000)"
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Genetic Engineering, 2002.
Moral, ethnical, biological and religious perspectives to genetic engineering.
2,524 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper argues for and against the use of genetic engineering from a number of perspectives. It shows that, even though God has given man the knowledge to manipulate genes in such a way as to eliminate almost any blemish, the question remains whether this is the right thing to do. The paper mentions that, on the one hand, the scientific potential is mindboggling; but on the other hand, many fear that the power of eliminating certain types of genes, could be blown out of proportion.
From the Paper
"The alteration of the genetic structure of any organism is done by means of Genetic engineering that provides characters beneficial or pleasing to the individual performing the alternation. In other words it is a treatment of the DNA or RNA pool (Sarah. 2002). For instance, the most greatly well known example of genetic engineering is the sheep Dolly that was cloned in the year 1996. Here, in order to create Dolly, the scientists took out cells from the udder of a pregnant, six year old ewe and then these cells were put into not related host eggs that had their DNA separated. Thus, as an alternate of creating one fertilized egg, a reproduction or a duplicate of an adult animal was made (Sarah. 2002)."
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Wheels, 2002.
History and development of wheels on automobiles.
1,550 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses extensively the history of wheels, starting from its origin, up to its common use at present, which is for transportation. This paper also concerns itself with the development of automobile manufacturing and industry, since through many years, cars that have evolved into various models and functions haverelied on wheels as the important part of its structure to keep an automobile functioning.
From the Paper
"The origin of wheels was said to have started during the Sumerian civilization, which was during the 3500 BC. However, there have been studies that prove that wheels are not only utilized, but also essential to other people or civilization primarily because these people think of the wheel as a symbolic material that represents intangible things. In fact, it was discovered that early Mesoamericans treat wheels as sacred objects, representing the "cycle of life, death, and rebirth" (Wirth 1996). The Mesoamericans were known to associate wheels with the "supernatural, religious world," thus establishing the fact that aside from the present utilitarian value of wheels, this object is also essential for its symbolic value."
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Glass Cockpit Technology, 2002.
An examination of this new technology, its advantages over the older traditional cockpit and what the future holds.
2,705 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper explores an emerging technology known as the glass cockpit and explains the human factors that influence the implementation of this technology. This discourse describes the theoretical issues of the glass cockpit technology and the human factors associated with the invention and subsequent implementation of the technology. It also focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of the technology. The writer investigates the development of the technology and compares the glass cockpit technology with the traditional cockpit. It also discusses the military and civilian uses of the technology. Finally it explores the future trends of the glass cockpit.
From the Paper
"The term "Glass Cockpit" describes a cockpit in which all of the displays are painted onto the glass of a computer screen. Glass cockpits replace a number of, switches, gauges, and indicators with automated display systems. The use of computers to manage the on-board systems, allows pilots to describe what they want to observe at the exact time that they want to observe the indicator. Glass cockpits have allowed contemporary aircraft to require only two crewmembers as an alternative to the three needed by traditional cockpits. (Krell)"
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The Atomic Bomb, 2002.
A study of the development of the atomic bomb.
1,280 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces and discusses the atomic bombs that were dropped on Japan to end World War II. It examines how the bombs were developed, the use of the bombs and what their effect has been on the world.
From the Paper
"Numerous scientists contributed to the development of the atomic bomb with discoveries in several areas, such as physics, mathematics, radium, and more. Albert Einstein's E=mc2 helped physicists discover the speed and mass of atoms, and Eve Curie's discovery of radium gave them the material to make the bomb. The discoveries went on and on for several decades, and eventually, scientists realized they could create a devastating weapon."
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