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Population and the Environment, 2008.
This paper discusses the ecological impact of species' and humans' population growth.
744 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper describes community interactions between and among species that affects their continued viability. The paper then discusses how human activity and population growth alters global resources and other fundamental ecological elements of the biosphere far beyond the ability of any other species. The paper paints a picture of how humans contribute to the depletion, destruction, erosion and other dramatic changes to the ecological environment that are detrimental to nonhuman species, as well as to future generations of human beings.
Outline:
Population Growth, the Environment, and Community Interactions
The Effects of Human Activity on the Environment
From the Paper
"In principle, the relationship between population size and the environment is very simple and equally direct. Living organisms consume natural resources to provide for their energy needs. The specific mechanism through which they accomplish this vary substantially: some organisms consume other living organisms; some consume only other organisms' waste products, or scavenge their left-over consumables; still others manufacture their energy by synthesizing energy from sunlight and elements occurring naturally in the gaseous atmosphere."
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The Impact of Globalization, 2008.
A discussion on how economic globalization is affecting local cultures.
1,379 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper evaluates how economic globalization is affecting and influencing local cultures while also exploring why urban geographers are increasingly analyzing the world's cities for influences of globalization as well. The city of Los Angeles, California is included as an example of a city that is analyzed according to its urban layout, socio-culture influence, economic specialization, and role in globalization throughout the Southern California region in addition to the Pacific Rim. This paper concludes with a critical analysis of globalization based on the results reported.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Effects of Globalization on Local Cultures
From the Paper
"Much has been written about the effects of globalization becoming increasingly synonymous with the westernization of cultures. In fact the globalization of cultures is reciprocal on each other, especially when rapid global growth of companies quickly forces two cultures together rapidly. The research of Geert Hofstede (1983) provides a useful framework for evaluating the impact of globalization on local cultures. Hofstede devised a framework for five cultural dimensions that quantify the differences between cultures on the indices of the Power Distance Index (PDI), Individualism (IDV), Masculinity (MAS), Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI), and Long-Term Orientation (LTO)."
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Internal Phosphorus Loading in Shallow Lakes, 2008.
Explains that phosphorus released from sediments in shallow lakes plays an important role in the inability to manage the eutrophication process.
6,170 words (approx. 24.7 pages), 27 sources, APA, $ 145.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in lakes that have suffered years of external loading, high levels of bound phosphorus are released from pools into the surrounding water column. Phosphorus in pools is bound in many forms including redox-sensitive iron compounds and loosely bound organic compounds. The paper describes the microbial action, chemical reactions and physical disturbance to the sediment layer, which contribute to the release of phosphorous into the water column. The paper also reviews several management techniques, such as removing heavily contaminated sediment from the lake floor and precipitation by the addition of iron or alum, which help speed the recovery process of the lake.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Phosphorus forms in Sediment
Phosphorus Release Mechanisms
Chemical Release Mechanisms
Physical Release Mechanisms
Biological Release Mechanisms
Management and Restoration Techniques
Source Reduction Strategies
Physical Reduction of Phosphorus Availability
Chemical Removal
Analysis and Summary of Findings
Analyzing the Unknowns
Conclusions/Recommendations
From the Paper
"The first is the use of physical means such as dredging and flushing to remove sediments containing high concentrations of phosphorus. Another method is the use of agents such as Aluminum Sulfate or gypsum to bind phosphorus in the water system. Yet, other methods have focused on long term reduction of external loading as the ultimate solution to the problem. The success or failure of these methods depends on the source and fractionation profile of the lake.
It was once thought that reducing external loading of the lake would rapidly decrease phosphorus levels in lakes."
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Sustainable Development, 2008.
An argument against the predictions of the Club of Rome in 1972 and those of Thomas Malthus regarding sustainable development.
1,021 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that concerns about warming, resource depletion, global poverty and starvation are generally self-correcting and a natural part of progress. It suggests that the world is naturally stable, and there is little that we can do to enhance stability regardless of which policies we pursue. The paper discusses the earlier predictions of the Club of Rome in 1972 and those of Thomas Malthus (1766-1834). It also briefly looks at the economic thought of two economists, Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Milton Friedman (1912-2006).
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Malthusians and Marxists: Commonalities of Thought
Gaps in Malthus and Marxist Ideology
Modern Malthusians and Marxists: The Club of Rome
The Reality: Resources are Expanding
What about sustainability?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Simply put, the Club of Rome was wrong. Since 1972, population has indeed carried on rapid growth, but per-capita incomes have risen even faster. From 1972, when China and India could not feed their populations, both have become food exporters. The Club of Rome made the same mistake as their "limited world" predecessors, Malthus and Marx. They thought of people as reactive automatons, unable to change their behavior or their consumption. The Club of Rome should have known better. The "Green Revolution," which increased the world's production per acre of grains by a factor of five, had started in the 1960's. The Chinese peasant, allowed to farm 1/2 acre and sell his produce since 1965, had increased overall Chinese food production by 30% by 1972."
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Wal-Mart and the Death of Downtown, 2008.
This paper discusses the effects of 'big-box' developments, such as Wal-Mart, on the downtown and community life in cities.
2,304 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The paper uses the cities of Guelph and Vermont to show how communities can combat the phenomenon of dying downtowns. The paper illustrates how cities must focus on a sustainable economic development strategy and must have a commitment from all sectors of the community with the city council. The paper also looks at Mexico as an example of the negative effects of a Mexican version of Wal-Mart on downtown.
Outline:
Introduction
Downtown Death Delayed By Design
Power of the People
Vermont Vs Big Box Construction
Mexico's Malingering Big Box
Londerville-A Synthesis of the Research
Summit Report-Waterloo-Guelph
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"In all cities and towns all over both the United States and Canada something is dying, or perhaps already dead and that something is downtown and cultural heritage being replaced by something generic and that comes in a big box - that something is 'Wal-Mart'. While Wal-Mart has brought lower prices to these communities, Wal-Mart has also brought decay, decline, and crime. These lower prices have come with a high price tag to communities and society as this work in writing intends to show."
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The Ocean and Global Warming, 2008.
A discussion on the effects of climate change on ocean currents.
1,419 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper focuses on a Pentagon Report that was released to the world media in 2004 predicting that the north Atlantic current would stop in the near future, bringing global catastrophe. The paper explains how ocean currents work and describes the phenomenon of global warming. The paper concludes that the events put forth in the Pentagon Report are a plausible scenario, although many scientists contest the events as something which is not likely to happen in the near future.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Theory
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
From the Paper
"The Pentagon Report was released to the world media in 2004 predicting that the north Atlantic current would stop in the near future, bringing global catastrophe. It is known that in the past the ocean currents have been affected by changes in climate, although the lack of direct observations make it difficult for scientists to discover the exact nature of changes which are currently being observed. There have however been changes noted in currents in the Pacific and in the Atlantic Oceans related to climate change, suggesting that the events predicted in the Pentagon Report may occur at some stage in the future, although it is difficult to predict exactly when. If such changes in ocean current did occur, it is likely that the changes would impact on a global scale."
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Urban, Rural and Social Networks, 2008.
An analysis of Claude S. Fischer's ethnographic study "To Dwell Among Friends: Personal Networks in Town and City".
1,358 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Claude S. Fischer's ethnographic study "To Dwell Among Friends: Personal Networks in Town and City" argues with the findings of Georg Simmel and the sociologists of the Chicago School who felt that urban life had detrimental effects on the well being of the vast majority of citizens in the United States. The paper explains Fischer's essential argument that urbanism produces a different style of life, but has no visible effect on one's quality of life. The paper further explains his theory of subcultures that shows that urban environments offer more opportunities of social exchange and networking than rural environments. The paper also asserts that while Fischer's analysis is useful, with the advent of Internet we must ponder the nature of urban life from a more contemporary perspective.
From the Paper
"Fischer sharply disagrees with earlier findings on the detrimental effects that urban life has on its inhabitants. Based on his research, he draws the conclusion that whereas urban life may have once been distinguishable from rural life, at the time of his writing (the early 1980s), those differences had been nearly erased. There was no longer any such thing as "urban life" or "rural life," Fischer concludes - just a national life. The extent to which people in American society differed from one another was not rooted in where they lived, but in other factors - particularly their level of education and income, as it is these two factors that seem to have the biggest influence on the extent of one's social network."
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Environmental Implications of Depleted Uranium, 2008.
An examination of the history of the use of depleted uranium and its environmental and ethical implications.
2,634 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the environmental problems associated with the main final byproduct of nuclear waste, which is known as depleted uranium (DU). The paper first describes the history of the use of depleted uranium. It then discusses the associated ethical concerns, as well as environmental observations after wartime use of depleted uranium munitions. The paper contains graphs and figures.
Table of Contents:
Introduction and Outline of the Main Issues
Depleted Uranium Ordinance
Ethical Concerns
Environmental Observations After Wartime Use of Depleted Uranium Munitions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The most disturbing implications of all concern the discrepancy with which nuclear waste is handled and regulated to ensure its relative safety in the U.S. compared to the complete disregard that is apparent on the part of U.S. authorities in charge of occupied Iraqi territory. As the leader of global philanthropy and human rights throughout the world, the U.S. has a moral obligation to minimize the unintended environmental and human impact of its weapons of war on noncombatants. It may very well be the case that the use of DU ammunition is a necessary evil of 21st Century conflicts. Nevertheless, the moral imperative that is part and parcel of its justified use in wartime is to minimize, rather than ignore its lasting effects after cessation of hostilities."
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Environmental Racism, 2008.
A look at the phenomenon of environmental racism in the United States.
2,116 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that environmental racism underlies policies, practices and directives which discriminate against people of color in environmental issues. The paper looks at studies that show how race has remained a major determinant of socioeconomic predictors and that more than half of the populations living in proximity to hazardous waste facilities were African-Americans, Hispanics, Blacks or Asia/Pacific Islanders. The paper discusses how environmental racism has persisted despite increased advocacy and awareness. The paper then looks at the major environmental health hazards that include lead poisoning, toxic housing, toxic schools and asthma.
New Ways of Viewing the Same Situation
Color Tips the Balance
Environmental Racism Persists Despite Increased Awareness
The Income Gap is Wider Today
The EPA Ineffective, the Rise of the Environmental Justice Movement
Citizen Action and Litigation
From the Paper
"Inequality among communities is a concrete reality. Economics, political influence and race are among the criteria in the distribution of amenities as well as dis-amenities (Bullard 2003). Racism is a very major consideration in the United States. Environmental racism is one of its forms and found in housing, employment, education and voting. It is an environmental policy, practice or directive, which discriminates, intentionally or not, according to race or color. It is a form of environmental injustice concretized and reinforced by government, legal, economic, political and military institutions. It blends with public policies and industrial practices, which make Whites benefit more than color people to whom the costs are passed on (Bullard)."
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Arsenic Contamination, 2008.
A review of the arsenic contamination of groundwater in Deloro Village, Madoc, Eastern Ontario, Canada.
1,259 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper uses a qualitative review of existing literature concerning arsenic characteristics, regional and site specific geology and hydrogeology, and remediation methods, to explore the arsenic contamination of groundwater in Deloro Village, Madoc, Eastern Ontario, Canada. The paper also provides recommendations on more effective and efficient means of remediation for the site and similar contaminated areas.
Outline:
Background to the Research Project
Proposed Research
Importance of this Research
Proposed Methodology
Ethical Considerations
Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research Considerations
Revised Project Schedule
From the Paper
"The Deloro Mine, in eastern Ontario, is a significant player whose activities has resulted in both surface and subsurface arsenic contamination of both soil and water, at the mine site, and off-site as well. Gold mining and smelting, with arsenic removal, was established in 1886, at Deloro. The health and safety of Deloro workers was compromised due to high levels of metal in their bodies, specifically lead and arsenic. Environmental problems were also an issue, including the air deposition of arsenic dust. This air deposition contamination was so detrimental that residents were unable to hang out their laundry during smelter operation, for years, because of the stack soot high in metals. In the 1960s, the Ministry of the Environment (MOE) Water Resources Commission found water samples to be high in arsenic. "
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Water Geography, 2008.
Discusses terms related to water geography, safe water and dams.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper commences by defining eight terms related to water geography such as a water surplus is a period in time when there is enough water for plants to feed and aquatic life to thrive. The author then examines that Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), a federal law first enacted in 1974 and revised in 1996, which promotes better standards for public drinking water under the responsibility of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The third part of this paper considers the utility of dams by exploring the five primary advantages and disadvantages of dams. The author concludes that dams, as man-made structures, are neither good nor bad but rather neutral in value.
Table of Contents:
Eight Terms
Water Surplus/Deficit
Cloud Seeding
Giardiasis/Cryptosporidium
Doctrine of Prior Appropriations
Scour and Fill/Levees
Dissolved Load/Suspended Load/Bed Load
Chlorination/Trihalomethanes (THMs)
Anadromous Fish/Catadromous Fish
The Safe Drinking Water Act
Dams
Advantages
Disadvantages
Conclusions
From the Paper
"The collapse of a dam, while not often probable, is a real threat. Because of this dams require constant monitoring which can take a further toll on economic resources. Damns also redirect water, which may enable certain populations to benefit, including residents living near the dam, but may also harm the natural landscape and plant or marine life residing in the region a dam is created. While a dam may prevent flooding most of the time, it may result in the mass destruction of an entire residential area should the dam expire."
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Sustainable Textiles, 2008.
A discussion on the subject of recycling with specific reference to the recycling of textiles.
1,126 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the subject of recycling and the concern about deepening the "ecological footprint" that we are leaving on the earth. The paper relates that this concern has motivated the recycling of everything from paper to plastics, but that consumers who are concerned about the environment and who conscientiously recycle and buy recycled products, may not similarly understand the impact of their textile purchases. The paper then discusses the environmental problems created by the production and disposal of textile and looks at measures we can implement to alleviate the problem. The paper asserts that at every chain of the steps that are required to create a product, the textile industry and the consumer must be hyper-vigilant so the planet does not become hostage to our obsession with wearing the next new thing.
From the Paper
"The inevitable costs caused by manufacturing new products means that even though new technologies are evolving in terms of how to create new products, it is also important to develop new ways to use existing textile fabrics in circulation. "According to the Council for Textile Recycling, nationwide over four-million tons of post-consumer textiles enter the waste stream every year. Most go to landfills, but around a million tons are collected by charity groups. About half of the textile products collected is sold as second-hand items, and the rest eventually goes to rag graders."
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