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"Native Knowledge for Native Ecosystems", 2007.
A review of Robin Wall Kimmerer's article, "Native Knowledge for Native Ecosystems".
1,070 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly reviews Robin Wall Kimmerer's 2000 article, "Native Knowledge for Native Ecosystems" and highlights the article's main points as well as how it approaches the broad concept of ethno-ecology. More importantly, the paper also touches upon how the article approaches the linkage of local and/or traditional knowledge of ecological systems with academic and/or scientific knowledge of those same systems. Finally, the paper discusses the significance of the aforementioned linkage as it pertains to the future of human beings in the global ecosystem.
From the Paper
"Simply put, Kimmerer's argument is that Native Americans intensively cultivated the land so that it would provide them with sufficient foodstuffs to brave the grueling winter months. While modern-day efforts to restore the ancient biological vitality and bio-diversity of the American woods and ecosystems is a laudable goal, it is not possible without also considering how the natives were able to so successfully manage the world around them. In effect, Kimmerer argues that modern-day conservationists must "heal" their relationship to the land and understand the land spiritually and emotionally as well as intellectually. Less abstractly, Kimmerer states that twenty-first century man must adopt the "site-specific" or "diachronic" knowledge which well-served Native Americans in the past and which lends itself to successful local site restoration. "
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Alumina and an Environment Accusation, 2007.
This paper discuses the options available to Alumina, which is being accused of polluting Lake Dira and thus causing leukemia in members of the population living in the area of Lake Dira.
1,560 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper examines a case against the Alumina company in which a local resident is claiming that the company is contaminating Lake Dira and that her daughter has developed leukemia because of the contamination. The paper explains that the stakeholders in this case include Kelly Bates and her ailing daughter, the public, the EPA, the Alumuna workers, management and stockholders. The author recommends that, because there is no concluding evidence that the child was affected by the contamination five years earlier but there also is no information that completely erases the possibility, the appropriate solution for the situation is for the company to enter mediation with the plaintiff and to publish the findings of their independent study, which indicated that their current contamination levels are far below EPA regulations. The paper relates that these recommendations will present the company not only as an environmentally concerned organization but also as one that intends to respect all consumers ethically. This paper includes an extensive risk analysis matrix.
Table of Contents:
Key Facts, Regulations and Legal Issues
Values and Stakeholders
Legal Issues and Regulations
Recommended Solution, Ethical Resolutions and Company Values
Week Three Risk Analysis Matrix
From the Paper
"It is apparent that the appropriate solution for the situation is for the company to seek to enter mediation with the plaintiff in the case. There is no evidence concluding that the child was affected by the contamination five years earlier, but there also is no information that completely erases the possibility. Since the child is a victim of leukemia, the chances that the jury will also see the child as a victim of Alumina's violation of EPA standards are high. This is because of the traditional views of juries in which they find favor for victims when they have been affected by the negative actions of corporate America."
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Environmental Economics, 2007.
An analysis of the concepts raised by Jared Diamond in his article, "Easter's End."
1,561 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Jared Diamond's article relating the decline and fall of the Easter Island Polynesians, "Easter's End." The paper examines Diamond's use of the Easter Island example as a moral illustration for contemporary society and what will happen if it persists in its unmitigated consumptive habits. It discusses the points that Diamond makes and the lessons that he attempts to teach his readers.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Overview
Point and Hypothesis
Hypothesis and Theory
Evidence
Validity of Assumptions
Policy Recommendations
Conclusions
From the Paper
"This is a different perspective then. Where Diamond is accusatory of the state and its economic model as being implicitly responsible for the environmental destruction of Easter Island, other researchers view the state and the political apparatus as an integral part of the solution. That is, where human kind and human nature deserve at least as much of the responsibility for the environmental destruction as the economic model. The primary recommendation is that economic policies founded in the principles of sustainable development should aligned with the political apparatus which governs the broader society."
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Urban and Suburban Sprawl, 2007.
This paper researches urban development in Washtenaw County, Michigan.
7,467 words (approx. 29.9 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 164.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the impact of urban growth in Washtenaw County and looks at the perspectives of developers active within this region. The paper examines how perceptions of community members, organizations seeking to preserve rural and semi-rural environments and developers are frequently in conflict. The paper's research shows how planning and community integration within the development process can result in a desirable and permanent environment for all community members.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Problem Statement
Background
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Methodology
Findings and Discussion
Conclusion and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Sprawl is typically designated as the uncontrolled or unplanned spread of development from a central, heavily-populated location; recent investigation into the concept of urban and suburban sprawl suggests that sprawl can occur even when aggressive planning has taken place. Political figures and community leaders in Washtenaw County in Michigan have mounted an aggressive grassroots campaign designed to promote community-based development and preservation of open space and farmland. Regulatory efforts that are designed to limit or control development in undeveloped areas are seen as beneficial by homeowners seeking to live in residential areas, but developers and industrialists suggest that regulation does not take into account the benefits of development or that development can be accomplished using sensible use practices."
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Journalism and Environmental Issues, 2007.
This paper compares and contrasts three articles on the subject of media coverage of environmental issues.
1,054 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that the mainstream media in the United States is falling short in its responsibility to provide full disclosure about the environmental issues facing our society. The paper summarizes the findings of three articles; "NY Times Editorial Op-Ed Heat Wave Hype Melts under Scrutiny" by Marc Morano, "Defamation as a Tactic: Promoting Global Warming Alarmism by Misleading Readers" by Amy Ridenour, and "Environmentalists Surf Tsunami Tragedy" by Steven Milloy. The paper concludes that people should put their faith more in experts who have actually studied environmental phenomena than in journalists who have little, if any, expertise.
From the Paper
"The first article up for discussion is an article by Marc Morano entitled "NY Times Editorial Op-Ed Heat Wave Hype Melts under Scrutiny". The article basically summarizes Times writer Bob Herbert's contention that recent heat waves which have hit the Eastern United States are the product of (human-made) global warming. As it turns out, Mr. Herbert's arguments for his strongly-worded thesis are predicated upon information he draws from Al Gore's new film, "An Inconvenient Truth" and from other tidbits of evidence that do not stand up to close scrutiny. In fact, Morano's article is chiefly devoted to highlighting how Herbert fails to consider natural planetary evolution as the chief cause of environmental change; at the same time, he refers to the many professional scientists who argue that climactic change in various parts of the world began long before contemporary "greenhouse emissions" took root (the receding of the ice-flows of the Kilimanjaro being one example) and/or who point out that there is no factual evidence for the contention that the world is getting warmer (Morano, para.1-16)."
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Sustainable Development Strategies, 2007.
A discussion of the importance of resource management and sustainable development strategies for the world's drinking water.
1,726 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the need for sustainable development strategies, their implementation and technology's role in this implementation. The paper particularly discusses geo-information science and its role in sustainable development. It examines this in relation to concerns about the world's drinking water.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Drinking Water Concerns
African Food/Water Equation
Geo-information Science and Scholarship
From the Paper
"The role that geo-information sciences, and particularly geo-spatial mapping technology, can play in water conservation and usage strategies is virtually unlimited. Already, such organizations as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the U.S. is employing geo-spatial mapping that allows researchers to track the degradation of coastlines, water bodies, and water flows over the country's land mass: "EnviroMapper for water is a web-based Geographic Information System...application that dynamically displays information about bodies of water in the United States" (EnviroMapper). Tools such as the EnviroMapper illustrate the integral modeling capabilities of geo-spatial technology that allow researchers and policy planners to effectively control water use and commercial development in affected areas."
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Toronto's Waterfront, 2007.
A research proposal to examine the issue of waterfront development in Toronto.
1,042 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a research proposal to examine Toronto's waterfront development and outlines the economic and social implications. The paper lists a number of questions for subsequent research to resolve. The paper concludes with the writer's firm contention that Toronto's dilemma needs to be resolved before Toronto can properly call itself a world-class city. A tentative bibliography is included with the paper.
From the Paper
"To begin with, Toronto's tourism industry is a large one that employs literally thousands of Torontonians and contributes many millions of dollars each year to the local economy. Consequently, if the waterfront is not attractive to visitors there is the distinct possibility that they may look to other locations more "in tune" with their aesthetic sensibilities. Secondly, Toronto is a quickly-expanding city that is gradually running out of readily-available land. Because of this, the city will either have to begin purchasing lands adjacent to it - at considerable cost - or it will have to begin finding new areas within its limits that can be utilized for industrial or - just as importantly - residential use. Finally, the topic is important for psychological reasons, as well. That is to say, Toronto is a city eager to show the world that it is a world-class metropolitan center. Clearly, making the waterfront more attractive to outsiders is obviously a first step towards achieving a greater status relative to its American and European counterparts. As a result, the issue is a vital one that any one concerned about the future of Toronto should take seriously."
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Population Growth in Los Angeles, 2007.
This paper analyzes the population growth and expansion in late nineteenth century Los Angeles.
731 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that transportation played a large part in bolstering a sudden population explosion that made Los Angeles a major urban environment. The paper discusses how the railroads held a monopoly on land and transportation that caused Los Angeles to become a magnet for immigrant labor and migrating whites between the 1870s and the 1890s.
From the Paper
"In the 1870s, the Southern Pacific Railroad Company was a major player in "boosterism" within the history of Californian urban development. For Los Angeles, the main aspects of population growth depended heavily on the ability of people to migrate across the country, as well as from San Francisco to the north. The power of Southern Pacific to own land is manifest in its control over this resource for building railroads on the west coast:"
""The Reverend Dana Bartlett, planning advocate and settlement house pioneer, battled the corporate "octopus" of the Southern Pacific Railroad (the largest floodplain owner) to reclaim the riverbed as a nature preserve (Davis 63).""
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Environmental Issues in India, 2007.
This paper discusses India's excessive water pollution and the species in that country facing extinction.
1,656 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that many freshwater sources in India are becoming excessively poisoned with pollutants because of industrialized development. The paper explains that this increased water pollution threatens species that cannot live under polluted conditions. The paper notes the obstacles facing efforts to combat these issues and concludes that ultimate improvements in water quality and biodiversity will only emerge when the short-term benefits of economic development are carefully weighed against the long-term threat of environmental destruction.
From the Paper
"India, like much of the developing world, faces significant environmental issues. In particular, we must consider the twin threats of excessive pollution in water sources as well as innumerable species threatened with extinction. These may seem to be widely different environmental concerns. After all, the loss of biodiversity isn't necessarily related to water pollution--though it doesn't take much to see how it could be. Consider marine life that would be highly sensitive to water-borne pollutants. Equally, extinction rates could climb if fresh water sources were contaminated to the point that they were killing off wildlife. However, there is a more significant manner in which these two environmental issues are connected, and that is through their requisite root cause. I am referring, of course, to industrialization and economic development."
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Brazil's Environmental Issues, 2007.
This paper discusses two of the largest environmental problems in Brazil, deforestation and water pollution.
1,579 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper explains how deforestation and water pollution in Brazil are linked. The paper explores these issues and examines ways in which these problems could be solved and ideally prevented, such as smaller-scale, sustainable forms of agriculture.
From the Paper
"Deforestation is defined variously as the loss of trees and natural forest habitat either due to conversion to other forms of growth by removing the trees, or to an overall degradation of the forest quality (Wunder, 2000, p. 10). The problems caused by deforestation are huge, falling under the major category of Biodiversity Depletion, since deforestation causes both habitat degradation and depletion as well as the extinction of organisms dependent on those habitats (Miller, 2004, p. 12). Additional problems are caused by both the methods of deforestation and the subsequent land uses following deforestation."
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Urban Culture and Innovation, 2007.
This paper explains how urban culture and society impacted and shaped achievement in science and in technology, especially as discussed by Lewis Mumford.
3,760 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the role of the urban ecosystem in expediting the exchange of ideas, in creating vast local markets for new products, in forcing urban planners and engineers to look at new ways of meeting the pressing exigencies brought about by dynamic growth, and in concentrating human and productive resources in a geographically discrete location so that they can be exploited fully. The author points out that Lewis Mumford relates that, in the early American towns, businesses, in ceaseless competition, sought innovations to stay "one step ahead". The paper states that Mumford argues that the essential "garden city", which incorporates nature into the urban world and vice versa, actually existed in the colonial America of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
From the Paper
"One of the more controversial items Mumford raises in his work is the view that the urban community and the culture springing from it are not simply phenomena intrinsically designed to build human wealth and/or to fulfill basic human needs. Perhaps, at one time, that was indeed the case, but Mumford insists that the modern urban society is pre-eminently one in which the "conquest" of nature and the "control of life" are the chief aims of those who wield power over the productive appendages of the mega-machine."
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A Hole in the Ozone Layer, 2007.
This paper discusses the depletion of the ozone layer and the actions taken to combat this problem.
960 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the overall structure of the ozone layer and how chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs destroy the ozone molecules. The paper discusses how ozone depletion has spread from the Antarctic to various areas around the globe. The paper explores what the world is doing to combat this problem of ozone depletion.
From the Paper
"To begin with, the ozone layer is a band of, well, "ozone" located in the upper atmosphere. More specifically, ozone itself is made up of three atoms of oxygen instead of the much more common two. This band of atypical oxygen molecules is found about 10-50 kilometers above the earth's surface - the numbers apparently vary depending upon the source consulted (Gleason para.2) - and shields the planet from harmful ultraviolet radiation ("Ozone Layer" sec.1-4). The creation, the production, of this band of ozone is complex for those not well-acquainted with chemistry. Be that as it may, it can be said that ozone is mostly produced by ultraviolet light hitting oxygen molecules containing two oxygen atoms."
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