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Biodiversity and Conservation, 2008.
This paper examines the importance of conserving biodiversity, with a focus on the tropics.
1,514 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how ecologists are concerned about the conservation of biodiversity, for the future inheritance of the earth and its beauty and for poverty and hunger alleviation. The paper looks at several studies that show that conservation parks in tropical countries make a substantial difference in preserving biological diversity. The paper maintains that it is vitally important to preserve as much biodiversity as possible, and to do so particularly in countries where biodiversity is richest. The paper concludes that conservation managers need to put practices in place to target potential investors for the future preservation of the earth and its resources.
From the Paper
"Biodiversity and conservation have been difficult issues in the ecological field. This is not least so because of issues such as increasingly rapid species extinction and also the increasing human population and influence upon the natural environment. Nonetheless, ecologists are concerned about the conservation of biodiversity, as such conservation holds advantages not only for the future inheritance of the earth and its beauty, but also on a more practical and economic level. This is so because the diversity of species on earth have consequences for the often fragile ecosystems we as human beings share."
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Low-Intensity Crises, 2008.
This paper investigates two low-intensity crises; the London smog of 1952 and the Swiss Sandoz Ltd fire of 1986.
3,072 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the London smog of 5-8 December, 1952 and the fire at Sandoz Ltd, Switzerland, during November, 1986 and the identification and management of these disasters. The paper reveals the consequences and lessons learned from these crises and shows how events like these often result in large-scale losses of either human life, assets or ecological harmony. The paper emphasizes that in terms of future crisis management, it is crucial to investigate such crises of the past and learn from our past mistakes.
Outline:
London Smog
The Fire at Sandoz Ltd.
From the Paper
"The world in which we live has become increasingly industrial, technological, and digital. As such, many hazards present themselves in terms of phenomena such as pollution and its effects. As a result, unforeseen events might occur that result in low-intensity crises. The way in which these are identified, monitored and managed can mean the difference between life and death, and also the difference between tens or thousands of injured persons. In terms of future crisis management, it is also crucial to investigate crises of the past. This will ensure that past mistakes will not be repeated, and that lessons will be implemented for future improvement of crisis management systems."
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Monterey Bay, 2008.
An outline of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, a federally protected marine area offshore of California's central coast, which supports one of the world's most diverse marine ecosystems.
4,702 words (approx. 18.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 121.95
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Abstract
This paper states that the Monterey Bay region has escaped the type of environmental damage experienced by much more densely populated areas in California, but the human ecology of the region shows that there has been damage done to the ecology and that this damage is ongoing. The paper comments that the problem is found both on land and in the sea and other waterways of the region. A number of areas are protected as parklands, though many of the problems cross borders because they are airborne or waterborne. The paper also discusses other issues involving changes to the types of plants and animals found in the region, with exotic flora and fauna introduced through human action. The paper concludes that efforts are being made by government and private institutions to address these problems and to restore the natural habitat as much as possible.
Outline:
Introduction
Native American Populations
Current State
Land Animals
Parks
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Today, the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS) is a federally protected marine area offshore of California's central coast and extending from Marin to Cambria, encompassing a shoreline length of 276 miles and 5,322 square miles of ocean. This area supports one of the world's most diverse marine ecosystems, home to numerous mammals, seabirds, fishes, invertebrates, and plants. The MBNMS was established for the purpose of resource protection, research, education, and public use and is part of a system of 13 National Marine Sanctuaries administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration."
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Sudden Oak Death, 2008.
Analyzes, compares, and reviews two articles on sudden oak death.
2,688 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the article entitled, "Sudden Oak Death: Endangering California and Oregon Forest Ecosystems" by David M. Rizzo and Matteo Garbelotto provides a clear and comprehensive overview and assessment of the serious problem of sudden oak death and how it also analyzes in detail the functioning and range of Phytophthora ramorum pathogen in relation to concomitant environmental, ecological and site criteria. The paper then analyzes the article entitled, "Effects of Landscape Heterogeneity on the Emerging Forest Disease Sudden Oak Death" by Condeso et al. and notes how this article, in contrast to the first, is focused on a specific aspect of the problem of the spread of the pathogen P. ramorum and sudden oak death; namely the effect of landscape structure as it relates to the disease.
Outline:
Article one
Introduction
The Problem
Findings
Solutions
Conclusion
Paper 2
Introduction
The Problem
Findings
Solutions
Conclusion
Section Three
Comparison of Articles
From the Paper
"The article also emphasizes the central concern that the damage that this pathogen causes is intimately linked to the delicate and complex ecological balance in the areas concerned. This in turn relates to the fact that the pathogen also affects other biological entities. In essence one of the central problems is that it has a broad host range and that it also affects "...almost all wood plant species in coastal forests". 1 This aspect has serious implications for the understanding and treatment of the disease, as well as for the range and complexity of its impact on the trees and general ecology. This in turn is also related to the problem of the secondary impact of the disease on other organisms such as insects, which play a vital role in the maintenance of ecological balance. "
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Environmental Management, 2008.
A discussion on ensuring that environmental policies are translated correctly by corporations, in order to combat organizational barriers to policy implementation, as discussed in the article "ISO 14001: A Case of Cultural Myopia" published in the Eco-M
767 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews an article entitled: "ISO 14001: A Case of Cultural Myopia" published in the Eco-Management and Auditing Journal in June, 2000 by John Moxen and Peter A. Strachen and relates that the purpose of the article is to add to the process of evaluation of the efficacy of the ISO 14001 system of environmental management. The paper comments that the system's purpose is for ensuring that environmental policies are translated properly by corporations from the environmental policies into the behaviors of the organization and specifically for combating "organizational barriers to policy implementation." After discussing the situation the paper comments that it is obvious from the review of this journal article that ISO 14001 does not hold great promise for enabling successful and effective environmental management within corporations.
From the Paper
"The danger presented by ISO 14001 is that it has the capacity to create additional barriers to effective and creative environmental management strategies and solutions. The systems of hierarchy prescribed in ISO 14001 are very likely to effectuate what Moxen and Strachen term a "role culture" which is a culture that vests much value in tradition and precedents and observation of rules of a formal nature and is a culture that effectively places impassable barriers to creative and innovative strategic environmental management. Moxen and Strachen conclude by stating that "environmental programmes are more likely to be implemented successfully when environmental management systems are organic and support a task-based culture."
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Population Growth and the Environment, 2008.
This paper explores how population growth is harming our environment's resources.
1,786 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the exponential population growth on our planet is depleting our finite resources of land, water and fuel. The paper asserts that we are utilizing these three resources at unsustainable levels, as a result of population growth and human disconnect from the earth.
Outline:
Introduction
Land Depletion, Resources and Sprawl
Population and Water
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The world population has increased exponentially over the last 100 years, as technology and development outstrip the ability of the fragile planet to absorb the massive influx of polluting and needy people. To survive people must have land, water and fuel and yet, upon the earth such elements are finite, unless technology meets the demand for sustainable or human created sources of these elements."
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Kyoto Protocol and Climate Change, 2008.
A discussion of the purpose and expected outcome of the Kyoto Protocol.
756 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Kyoto Protocol and how its formation can be considered a turning point with regard to climate change and global warming. It also describes the aims and goals of the Kyoto Protocol and whether it can be implemented successfully. The paper suggests that it will take many more decades before global warming and other climate changes which are caused by greenhouse gases will begin to decline.
From the Paper
"If it is true that humans are the ones who are affecting global warming, then humans must turn this detrimental propensity around. It has taken 150 years to get to this point, and it will take at least half as long to undo what has been done. That is why the Kyoto Protocol is so crucial at this point in history. The formation of the Kyoto Protocol is considered a turning point when humans decided to change longstanding harmful habits. The Kyoto Protocol cannot have any immediate results because nations throughout the world have just begun to harness and control their emissions. Fifty years ago one could hardly breathe in Tokyo, the air was so thick and it was not that long ago that the San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles had yellow skies daily throughout the summer, with warnings to remain indoors. It has taken those cities a decade or two to cut back and clean up. It will take smaller, poorer nations, heavily yoked to industries run on fossil fuel for their livelihood much longer to change their energy sources and their economies."
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Environmental Determinism and Probabilism, 2008.
Defines the theories of environmental determinism and probalilism and their application to understanding mankind.
1,390 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that environmental probabilism states that almost all or any behaviors may be probable within one or in any environment; whereas, determinism states that it is the physical environment and not social conditions, which shape a person's character and behaviors. The author points out that the concept environmental probabilism has emerged as a direct result of reactions to the supposed shortcomings and inadequacies of environmental determinism. Although these environmental theories today are being used in anthropological research to better understand the exact role human beings play in nature, the paper concludes that hopefully more theories related to these theories will emerge soon, which will explain human behavior in a more succinct and terse manner.
From the Paper
"Reportedly, Winston Churchill made the statement that a human being shapes a building, and thereafter, the building shapes him. He meant to say that there exists a subtle relationship between one's building and one's behavior; environmental psychologists have found this to be true after extensive research on the subject. The relationship is viewed through a list of possibilities and probabilities, and this then is the principle upon which 'probabilism' is based. This concept has given rise to the idea that there is a probability of the built environment playing a positive or a negative role on organizations and campus environments."
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Cellphone Towers, 2008.
A review and discussion on whether we can be assured that cellphone towers themselves do not produce radio-frequency radiation.
1,229 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses cell towers and antennas and questions their safety in the community. The paper confirms that the number of cell sites has increased over the years in proportion to the expanding number of subscribers. These tower structures are erected on various locations such as parks, schools and fire houses. The paper considers if these towers really put us at risk and states that according to the Food and Drug Administration Act, exposure to cellphone radiation on the ground is significantly weaker than exposure on the direct path of the transmitted signal of the antenna. This exposure is several thousand of times less than the minimum safety levels recommended by expert studies. Thus the paper confirms that civilian exposure to cellphone radiation is well within the safety margins.
From the Paper
"Electromagnetic radiation, composed of electric and magnetic energy moving at the speed of light, is the one feared by most people. The electromagnetic spectrum is a wide range of electromagnetic signals ranging from high-frequency x-rays and gamma rays to low-frequency radio waves. Your cellphone's electromagnetic radiation has a 3kHz-300GHz frequency. This falls just after the very low frequency like your computers and before or just the same frequency as your everyday microwave oven. And still the radiation coming from the sun poses more danger than your cellphone."
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Environmental Issues, 2008.
This paper examines the environmental problems in the Caspian region.
1,686 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper focuses on the Caspian region that is particularly affected by environmental problems. The paper examines the problem of pollution and the reduction of arable land and shows how they are set to increase in the future, especially if one takes into account the threat of global warming. The paper concludes that the only solution to this problem is an integrated and internationally monitored plan of action or remedial plan, as was implemented in the case of the Great Lakes in North America.
Outline:
Introduction
The Caspian Region
Solutions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There has been a considerable growth in the interest and concern about the global environment during the past decade. Governments, policy makers and environmental bodies are becoming more involved in the way that problems such as pollution and unmanaged ecosystems affect the environment in the world. This concern has been recently increased by the acceptance in the scientific community of the reality of global warming and climate change, which has been almost certainly linked to human causative factors such as carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. These concerns have refocused attention on various problems areas around the world."
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A Global Environment, 2008.
This paper discusses how we are creating and living in a world without borders.
751 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the environment became a global concern at the end of the 20th century. The paper also discusses the newfound ability to interact with people instantaneously around the world using the Internet relay chat (IRC). The paper then discusses a change from the end of the century that is not positive, namely the fact that progress in eliminating hunger is slow. The paper quotes the report "Are we Really Reducing Poverty?" by Vandemoortele that argues that global poverty figures under-estimate global poverty and over-estimate poverty reduction. The paper concludes that the major implication of today's global world is that people of all backgrounds and cultures are going to have to get along with each other.
From the Paper
"As the last century ended, the world continued at a faster and faster pace with changes occurring rapidly and regularly. It was just an indication of what would be happening in the next decades. Many of the major changes that took place at that time dealt with the new concept of "A World Without Borders," where countries everywhere were being impacted by similar issues and challenge and communication and transportation allowed people to quickly move interact with others on the other side of the globe."
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Environmental Ethics and Morality, 2008.
An analysis of the ways that people are contributing to environmental problems on the planet.
3,830 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the environmental problems of the world, including world hunger and disease, lack of democracy, overpopulation, resource depletion and the destruction of habitat and species. It looks at the ways that people are contributing to these problems and briefly discusses the political aspect of the overwhelming planetary problems. The paper also looks at the role of media in these problems.
Table of Contents:
Deep Ecology
Social Ecology / Murray Bookchin
Barry Commoner, Michael Coor, And Paul J. Stamler
Ching Lai Cheng
UN Compact & Human Rights In Depth
From the Paper
"Ching talks on page 328 about a very important point brought up in this class and that is "over-advertising" (which supposedly stimulates the "consumption of goods"), which in this paper I will call "manipulative" advertising, in solidarity with the instructor. The lies, distortions, and basic con jobs that are part of today's television, movie, magazine and Internet advertising campaigns should be attacked with logic and facts by legislators and other leaders. Much of the advertising on television today is morally disgusting; but while there is no way to really stop it, people in positions of influence should condemn it. The materialistic attitudes in America, unfortunately, are here to stay. But educating young people in schools, churches, and other social venues is more and more necessary. Many millions of young people today are addicted to electronic games (X-Boxes, Nintendo, etc), cell phones, text messaging, emails, movies and other technologies. While they are certainly influenced by advertising perhaps more than any previous generation, at the same time they seem to have more autonomy from their parents than any previous generation as well. Rather than legislate what advertising should be acceptable for the mass marketing of goods and technologies, leaders should encourage parents to teach their children about the natural world, and share values with them that transcend their immediate desire for fun and games."
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