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Testing Drinking Water for Nitrates, 2007.
This paper examines research about the effects of nitrates present in drinking water.
4,116 words (approx. 16.5 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 110.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that many parts of the world have experienced elevated levels of nitrates in their drinking water by virtue of past industrial and agricultural practices. The paper provides a review of the relevant literature to determine the effects of nitrates in drinking water sources and examines what types of testing are typically done to assess the presence of nitrates, in particular in New Jersey. The paper discusses current and future trends in this area. The paper concludes that elevated levels of nitrates in drinking water supplies can result in profound adverse health consequences. People around the world are using their groundwater resources faster than they are being naturally replenished and this has caused further concentrations of any pollutants that might be present.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In a day and age characterized by debates over oil and potential future energy sources, an important fact is being overlooked. By all accounts, fresh water is far more important than oil and people had better pay closer attention to what is happening to their drinking water sources today. According to Roberts (2001), "Water use in the United States averages about 100 gallons of drinking water per person per day, more than just about any other country. A very small proportion of this water per person, approximately two gallons, is actually used for drinking and cooking. We use the majority of the water that comes into our homes for bathing, flushing toilets, doing laundry, watering lawns, filling swimming pools, and washing cars" (p. 64). Throughout the world, people obtain their drinking water from a wide range of sources, and these same techniques are used in the United States."
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General Motors (GM), 2006.
This paper discusses the effect of higher gas prices on General Motors.
890 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the economic performance of General Motors (GM) has been declining steadily for the past six years to the point of being on the verge of bankruptcy because it lacked the vision to anticipate rising oil and gas prices worldwide, based on increased international demand for these resources. The paper points out that, unlike more forward-looking foreign car companies including Toyota and Honda, GM has not focused at all on producing a hybrid automobile, still producing far too many over-sized and gas-guzzling cars. The paper states that higher gas prices seem to be here to stay; hopefully, GM management will learn from its past mistakes.
From the Paper
"A direct negative correlation clearly exists, then, between high gas prices and the declining profits of GM, and has existed for some time. Further, as of April 2006: "GM said its April sales fell 11 percent, primarily due to a 21 percent decrease in car sales. Truck and SUV sales were down 2 percent." Oil shortage in general (i.e., decreasing growth in production, caused by some oil refineries being off-line, as a result of natural disasters like Hurricane Katrina); and unstable governments and economies in oil-producing countries (e.g., Iraq) have also resulted in decreases in oil exports, thereby shrinking the oil supply and thereby raising the demand for (and the price of) oil even further."
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Snow Leopards, 2007.
An analysis of snow leopards and the danger they face of extinction.
1,683 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper offers a vivid description of snow leopards, a medium-sized member of the wild cat family. The paper details the three main factors that make it difficult for snow leopards to survive today; human hunters want their beautiful coats, the animals' bones and body parts are popular requirements for traditional Chinese medicine and their natural prey and habitat have been depleted through hunting and poisoning. The paper discusses their habitat and relates the ecological disaster that would happen if snow leopards were to become extinct. The paper concludes that the snow leopard shows how working together, rather than willfully slaughtering for one's own gain, can ultimately benefit not only the environment, but also the human beings and animals living in it.
From the Paper
"Snow leopards are considered a medium-sized member of the wild cat family. Their height to the shoulder comes to about 24 inches and their weight ranges between 60 and 120 lbs. the animal is 47-59 inches long and its tail 31 to 39 inches. What makes the animals unique is not only their lovely coat, but also the fact that, unlike other wild cats, they neither purr nor roar. Instead, it makes a sound that could be described as "happy", which is similar to the chuffing sound made by tigers. They are excellently adapted for steep, high, rocky areas with chests that are well developed, short forelimbs, long hind limbs, large paws and a long, thick tail."
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Toxic Pollutants, 2006.
A discussion regarding the level of toxic pollution with which we are living.
2,372 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the dire issue of toxic pollutants and government intervention. According to this paper, world governments are not doing enough to combat this serious problem.
From the Paper
"A series of proposals had been made at the time, based on the moral demand that encompassed Agenda 21. Offering greater financial support for developing countries, building home institutions for greater national protection capacity and an appropriate legislation, increasing the role of the indigenous people, of women, and the young generation in order to ensure a wider range of action, these were just some of the guidelines for subsequent follow ups. The Commission for Sustainable Development was therefore created to ensure a better coordination of measures at global, regional and national level. The 2002 Summit generated the further statements of principles, along with reaffirmed efforts to "promote the integration of the three components of sustainable development -- economic development, social development and environmental protection -- as interdependent and mutually reinforcing pillars" (Johannesburg Plan of Implementation). Thus, actions should be followed in order to ensure poverty eradication, changing patters of consumption and production, protection of natural resources. The institutional framework is also outlined, including additional emphasis on the future role of "relevant United Nations agencies, programs and funds, the Global Environment Facility and international financial and trade institutions" (Johannesburg Plan of Implementation). "
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The Environment as a Global Public Good, 2007.
This paper examines the destruction of our planet by our consumerist generation.
3,418 words (approx. 13.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how modern technology has brought the states and peoples of the world closer together than at any other time in human history. Globalization is creating conditions of unparalleled prosperity, but it is also setting in motion the destruction of the planet. The paper contends that human beings must begin to consider their effects on the natural world. The paper identifies consumerism - the desire for more goods - as the driving force that lies behind much of the threat to the Earth's natural environment. The paper maintains that if the multinational corporations - the economic movers and shakers of the consumerist world - can learn the lessons of the more traditionalist peoples of the developing world, the Earth's natural environment might yet be preserved.
From the Paper
"The physical bounty that humanity once thought inexhaustible is rapidly being cut up, drunk up, ate up, and dug up. Ancient forests are disappearing. Once-clear lakes and rivers are being contaminated. The soil and the air are being polluted with the waste products of a modern industrial society. Globalization is creating conditions of unparalleled prosperity, but it is also setting in motion the destruction of the Planet. Human beings must begin to consider their effects on the natural world. Humankind must begin to consider the ethical implications of consumer society. Men, women, and children everywhere must begin to think of the environment as a Global Public Good. A Global Public Good belongs to everyone. Together, we must begin to recognize the problem, and work to solve it."
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Public Goods and Common Resources, 2007.
This paper explains the differences between public goods and common resources and discusses the free-rider problem.
1,155 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper defines public goods as things which can be used by the masses without diminishing in value, such as street signs, traffic lights, or clean air. The paper explains that with common resources, there is not enough to serve everyone equally. They face problems of congestion or overuse. Common resources include forests, fishing grounds and pastures. The paper discusses why they are frequently overused, why private firms are reluctant or unable to supply them and why they are often unavailable in sufficient quantities in free markets. Finally, the paper examines the failures associated with public goods and common resources. The paper discusses how law enforcement is a common resource that can be overused and the paper presents a solution to remedy this.
From the Paper
"Because both public goods and common resources are non-excludible, they are frequently overused. Since it is difficult to restrict use, the user normally does not have to pay for the use of the good or resource and therefore will have no motivation to limit his or her consumption; if a private firm were to try to charge for use of a public good or common resource, because they are non-excludible no one would be willing to pay for them but instead would want someone else to pay while they get to use the resource for free. This is known as the free-rider problem."
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The Danger of Pollution, 2007.
This paper discusses the harm air pollution causes and presents strategies to limit it.
1,601 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper maintains that we must find the ultimate solution to air pollution as it affects millions of citizens every day. The paper explains that air pollution can cause diseases such as emphysema, asthma and other respiratory ailments. The paper presents solutions that can include actions on an individual or company level, for example, purchasing alternative fuel vehicles. The writer's recommendation is that government, companies and individuals all should work together to bring about cleaner air. The writer notes that the solutions mentioned have been proven effective and should continue to be enforced in order to enhance the air we breathe and our lives in general.
From the Paper
"A recent experiment was conducted on air pollution and its effects on children in regards to contracting diabetes, with some startling results. The study had as its hypothesis that; "over the past decade, there has been a worldwide largely unexplained increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes in young children" (Hathout 81). The study explored the quantitative role of exposure to air pollutants and how those specific air pollutants affected the development of type 1 diabetes in children. The results of the study showed that "odds ratio (OR) was significantly high for cumulative exposure to ambient ozone (O3) and sulfate (SO 4) in cases compared to controls" (Hathout 81)."
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Global Warming, 2007.
This paper explains that the majority of scientists agree that global warming is the result of human activity, primarily the burning of fossil fuels.
1,740 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that coal, oil and gas, which powered the Industrial Revolution and most of the technological advances over the last two centuries, have released enough heat-trapping "greenhouse gases" to change the global climate. The author points out that, even though carbon dioxide is a natural part of the Earth's atmosphere, which captures some of the energy of the sun's rays warming the planet, too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere creates too much warming. The paper suggests ways of better controlling carbon emissions such as not idling a car and driving one of the newer hybrids cars.
From the Paper
"However, not everyone is convinced that the danger of global warming is real. For example, MIT meteorologist Richard Lindzen concedes that the planet is warming, and that at least part of the phenomenon is likely caused by burning carbon fuels, yet insists that the resulting climate changes will not deviate very much from natural fluctuations, and states firmly, "We'll adapt." Lindzen discounts the projections based on computer-generated climate models that warn of pervasive and unpleasant consequences if the planet continues to warm, noting that the models predict the current carbon dioxide levels will lead to a three-to-four degree centigrade rise in temperature, but so far "we've seen only a half-degree warming.""
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Environmental Stresses, 2007.
An overview of environmental stresses in mangrove swamps and coral reefs.
1,016 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts some of the environmental stresses faced by two marine ecosystems: the coral reefs and the mangrove swamps. It attempts to show that despite differences in types of ecosystem stressors, both share common anthropogenic stresses. The paper begins by describing the coral reefs and mangrove swamps and then describes the threats to them, environmentally.
From the Paper
"Despite the vast amount of coral, that can seem mind-boggling at times, the specific environmental conditions required by coral means that it can be very susceptible to environmental changes. For examples, relatively minor surface water temperature increases can kill, or bleach, coral reefs. In Hawaii Jokiel and Brown (2004) found that sea surface temperature increases of just more than 1 degree C caused significant coral bleaching in both 1996 and 2002. They observed that the overall trend of oceanic warming is causative for increases in the frequency and severity of coral bleaching worldwide. While global warming has been pointed to as the reason for this increase, there are more direct ways that man is placing new environmental stresses on coral reefs. "
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The Pacific Northwest, 2006.
A review of "The Organic Machine: The Remaking of the Columbia River", by Richard White and a discussion regarding the impact the Columbia River has had on the Pacific Northwest.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the book "The Organic Machine: The Remaking of the Columbia River" by Richard White, a book that provides a new 'organic' model for environmental history. The paper further discusses the history of the environmental movement in the area, as well as, factors such as technology, that influence the environmental movement today.
Outline:
Part I - What is the Organic Machine as Described by Richard White
Part II - Environmental Movement Since 1970
From the Paper
"White suggests that mankind has manipulated nature to meet his own needs, stating "we treated science as if it were literally a machine that can be disassembled and redesigned largely at will" (White, 111). Further White suggests that the organic machine man has created consists of "various parts" that "can be assigned different functions" (White, 111). The Columbia River is not longer views as a whole, but rather as parts of a larger machine whose purpose includes serving the needs of many. The organic machine has been conquered and divided to fulfill the desires of mankind, with humans now capable of controlling every aspect of the rivers functioning. This fits in line with the new model of the environment, suggesting that society will only attempt to control every aspect of the environment to suite his own needs. Many will develop what they need to and split any environmental natural resources to match our wants and perceived desires."
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Global Warming, 2007.
An analysis of the effects of global warming on plant and animal life.
1,926 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the increase in global warming and the factors that are contributing to it. The paper discusses the different effects that global warming is having in different parts of the globe and how it is affecting the plants and animals of the various regions. The paper ends by specifically discussing the effects of global warming on polar bears and how it has led to polar bears being on the endangered species list.
From the Paper
"World Watch reports that the Arctic is now warming at nearly twice the rate of the rest of the globe (Mastny 2005). This warming is accelerating ice melt at the North Pole and presents serious implications for the region's wildlife and people, global sea levels, and overall planetary warming (Mastny 2005). The ice could disappear almost entirely over this century, "creating a feedback loop that accelerates overall planetary warming by replacing the ice with darker water surfaces that absorb the sun's heat" (Mastny 2005). Moreover, seals, seabirds, and other animals that depend on food found at the ice edge are also beginning to suffer from the changing Arctic climate (Mastny 2005). Changes in the ice cover in northern Canada have led to hunger and weight loss among the polar bear population, and scientists project that some regions could become uninhabitable for the bears within twenty years (Mastny 2005)."
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Deforestation in the Amazon, 2007.
This paper examines the environmental issues relates to the destruction of the Amazon rainforest.
2,559 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the causes and effects of the problem of deforestation in the Brazilian part of the Amazon, the solutions attempted so far to control the deforestation, the extent of their success and the proposed solutions. The paper describes how the Amazonian rainforest constitutes the world's most diverse ecosystem and contains more than half of the world's estimated 10 million plant and animal species. The paper explains that it is being destroyed at an alarming rate mainly due to human activity such as commercial logging, mining and oil exploration. The paper concludes that a greater commitment is required from the international community if we are to save this priceless heritage for our future generations.
Outline:
The Problem
Attempted Solutions
Proposed Solutions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In Brazil alone, where the bulk of the Amazon rainforest lies, over 530,000 square kilometers of rainforest have been destroyed since 1978. Even more alarming is the fact that the rate of destruction shows no signs of abating as between August 2003 and 2004 alone, some 26,000 square kilometers of forest in Brazil- an area larger than Israel--was deforested. (Butler, "Deforestation in the Amazon,") Some estimates indicate that if the destruction of the Amazonian rainforests continues at the current rate, we will manage to completely consume the remaining rainforests in the next 50 years. (Butler-"Local and National Consequences") Needless to add, this would be a tragedy of catastrophic proportions."
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