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Urban Design, 2005.
An examination of the urban character in British coastal towns and the 'seaside effect'.
1,710 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to identify historical adherence in development along the British coastal area as well as urban sustainability in architectural construction and landscape design and development. Through a literature review of both modern as well as historical accounts of the coastal resort and port region of the British coast, it provides sound evidence based on architectural planning initiatives along the British coastal region that are environmentally conducive to land and urban coast sustainability as well as preservation and conservation of natural resources.
Outline
Objective
Rationale for Research
Research Objectives
Methodology
Literature Review
Portsmouth: Industrial City/Naval Port (Hampshire County)
Brighton: Resort Town/Coastal Strip (East Sussex County)
Ramsgate: Resort/Port Town - Coastal Strip (Kent County)
Sandwich: Historic Town/Coastal Strip (Kent County)
Southampton: Port/Industrial City (Hampshire County)
Hastings: Resort Town/Coastal Strip (East Sussex County)
Summary & Conclusion
From the Paper
"In a case study entitled Urban Renaissance in the South East Case Study 4 on town of Portsmouth which is a industrial city with a naval port located in South Hampshire of Hampshire County the population is stated to be 190,000 in the densely populated area. Portsmouth has built upon its' 'naval heritage' in the initiative to improve its image as well as facilities in attracting a broader range of local jobs as well as visitors. In a phased strategy the island- city, one of the most historic naval ports in Britain is surrounded on three sides by the sea as is located at the entrance to the Harbor that is historically famous."
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Three Gorges Dam, 2005.
An overview of the reasoning and planning behind the 2009 project to build a dam on the Yangtze River in China.
1,142 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how in 2009, a monumental undertaking that began in China in 1994 is planned for completion and how the Three Gorges Dam project on the Yangtze River is expected to be the largest hydroelectric dam in the world. It looks at the history behind the project and how the balancing act between development and economic issues on one hand, and other concerns such as the environment and antiquities and resettlement on the other, has long been a challenge for China.
From the Paper
"In 1979, economic reforms and the desire to expand industry encouraged construction to restart. The number of critics grew. Leaders from Chongqing demanded that the dam height be raised. Some environmentalists were angered that the dam would cause rather than solve more problems and were concerned about the destruction of natural land. Human rights activists refuted the resettlement plan. Archeologists objected that many historical sites would end up under water. Most notably would be sites that are remnants of the homeland of the Ba, an ancient people who settled in the region about 4,000 years ago. Further, a number of engineers began wondering if the dam would solve the necessary problems. "
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Deforestation in Panama, 2005.
This paper is a research study to identify deforestation practices in Panama and the approaches to alleviate this practice.
10,600 words (approx. 42.4 pages), 26 sources, APA, $ 211.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, because the forests of central America's western Pacific plains were cleared long ago for export crops and subsistence agriculture, the deforestation which has taken place in the last 50 years has been most severe in the lowland tropical moist forests of the Atlantic, or the Caribbean side of central America. The author points out that Panama has a wide range of environmental protection policies in place which are designed to address the impact of human habitation and land-use techniques and to emphasize environmental education and extension programs. The paper concludes that, because of the competition from multi-national businesses, which are not concerned about the environment, "green" businesses must develop effective business models to survive the rigors of the marketplace as well as the extremes of nature, which effect commercial forestation businesses. Many tables and charts. Annotated bibliography.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Deforestation and Agricultural Expansion
Background and Overview
Distribution of Panama's Forest Lands and Rates of Deforestation
Land Use Changes
Causes of Deforestation
Consequences of Deforestation
Impact on Agriculture and Supply
Climate Changes
Human Health
Forest Management in Panama
Signs of Progress
The Economic Value of Forest Benefits and Services
Deforestation and Property Rights
Findings and Discussion
Panama's Environment and the Components of its Eco-System
Economical and Social Consequences of Deforestation in Panama
The Climate Affected by the Loss of Forests
Forest Policies and the Existing Instruments to Conserve the Forest Areas
Ecological Viability of a Business in the Production Process, Beneficiary and Commercialization
Business Contribution
From the Paper
"As a result of the enactment of a land tenure system in 1962, some small farmers in Panama have managed to acquire some land; nevertheless, by late in the 20th century fewer than one-third of all farms were owned by the people working them. The most common agricultural products include sugarcane, bananas, rice, plantains, corn (maize), and oranges, and the commercial cultivation of these and other crops increased considerably during the 20th century. Livestock raising (cattle, pigs, and poultry) is an important and long-established economic activity, and beef and hides are exported. The country's largest cattle-raising farms are in the southwestern savannas-in Chiriqui, Los Santos, and Veraguas provinces. The provinces of Panama, Los Santos, Chiriqui, and Veraguas raise the most pigs, whereas Panama, Cocle, and Colon are the largest centres for poultry and egg production."
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GIS, 2005.
An explanation of GIS (geographic information systems) technology and its uses in various fields.
1,242 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that GIS encompasses both the digital and geographical techniques involved in the systems used for the processing and dissemination of geographic information. GIS may be defined as an automated system that allows the creation, editing, studying, analyzing and displaying spatially referenced data. It further examines how GIS has the capacity to manipulate several different spatial datasets at the same time. The writer concludes that GIS plays a significant role in resource planning and other planned activities with reference to the geographical aspects of an activity.
From the Paper
"GIS makes use of both the traditional disciplines as well as technology. It is a technology that makes use of a wide variety of disciplines and as such may be considered an enabling technology. Geography is a traditional discipline and is the science of comprehending the world and man's place on it and is a constituent of GIS. Geography has made use of spatial analysis for a very long time and this has often been done in the manual form that forms the starting blocks of spatial research and analysis. Cartography is the display of spatial information and is another constituent of GIS. Cartography happens to be the predominant source of data for input to GIS either digitized or scanned. Designing and creating maps forms a significant component in what is the output function of GIS, which gives rise to the popular myth that production of maps is the function of GIS. (What is a GIS and What Does It Do?)"
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Louisiana: Topography, 2005.
A topographical examination of the American state of Louisiana.
1,780 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
Louisiana encompasses an area of 51,844 square miles and is the 31st largest state in the United States. This paper examines the topography of the state, examining areas such as geographic regions, lakes and rivers, forestland, plant and animal life and climate.
From the Paper
"Various types of natural lakes exist. Cut-off or oxbow lakes (for example, False River, Bruin, Larto) form when a stream "cuts off" the neck of a meander (bend) to create a new course. Particularly along the valley of the Red, raft lakes (Caddo, Cross, Bistineau, Black, and others) were formed from waters dammed by the Great Raft, a logjam that clogged the river until it was finally removed. Lakes form along the coast when cheniers (beach ridges) act to slow the flow of rivers while also protecting the resulting lake from encroachment by the Gulf. Lakes Pontchartrain, Maurepas, and Catahoula exist in grabens, depressions in the earth bounded by faults. Other natural lakes are associated with the drainage in the vicinity of rivers, deltas, and salt domes."
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The Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Theories, 2005.
An overview of continental drift and plate tectonics theories as well as current knowledge of geology and paleontology.
1,782 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the continental drift and plate tectonic theories and traces their history, discusses the key players who were involved in developing the theories and examines the current state of scientific knowledge about Earth's geology and paleontology.
From the Paper
"The idea that the earth's continents have drifted has a long history. As long ago as 1596 the Dutch map maker Abraham Ortelius in his work Thesaurus Geographicus Ortelius suggested that the Americas were "torn away from Europe and Africa . . . by earthquakes and floods." He had been the first (and certainly not the last) to notice the apparent "jig-saw" fit of the bulge of eastern South America into the bight of Africa. (Kious and Tilling, 1999) In around 1850 A.D., a French scientist Antonio Snider-Pellegrini, while researching the similarity of the fossil plants and coal deposits in North American and European and concluded that the phenomenon could only be explained if the two continents had once been connected. In 1908 Frank B. Taylor of the United States invoked the notion of continental collision to explain the formation of some of the world's mountain ranges."
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Two Political Systems, 2005.
This paper discusses two political systems: The United States of America and the Arab Republic of Egypt.
1,315 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the United States of America is a constitution-based federal republic with a strong democratic tradition. The author points out that Egypt has been politically organized since its early civilizations; in modern time, from 1923 to 1952, Egypt was a constitutional monarchy, then military officers seized control of the government and it became a republic in 1953; however, it essentially remained a military dictatorship dominated by a single political party although in 1978 a multiparty political system was instituted. The paper relates that the most obvious difference between the governments of Egypt and the United States is Egypt's adherence to Islamic Law within its legal system; the commonality is that both countries have similar political structures based on individual constitutions.
From the Paper
"The main political parties are the Democratic Party, the Republican Party, the Green Party, the Independent Party and the Libertarian Party. The constitution provided for a separation of state and government, therefore there is no government religion in the United States, although the majority of the population adheres to Christian doctrine however, because the U.S. is a country founded on basically on immigration, the landscape is comprised of many religions and many cultures. The U. S. has welcomed some fifty million immigrants, more than any other country, and admits approximately 700,000 persons per year."
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The WWII Eastern Front, 2005.
This paper discusses that the eastern front of World War II was the bloodiest, costliest and most morally deprived fighting seen in the twentieth century.
2,120 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the eastern front of the Second World War is often overlooked by Western historians; however, the fierce battles and enormous amount of blood spilled between Russia and Germany during this time is almost unfathomable by modern standards of warfare. The author points out that some of the most brutal fighting of World War II took place in the modern-day Ukraine, which was targeted by Hitler because of its strong industrial and agricultural base. Additionally, he sought to misdirect Soviet forces from the Baltic States to the Ukraine further in the south. The paper relates that the physical geography of the eastern front made holding strategic locations difficult; the sprawling, open nature of the land generated a situation in which deception and surprise were minimal and thus, casualties were considerable.
From the Paper
"While the southern and central portions of the nation are densely populated and have varied geographies, northern Poland is more sparsely populated and almost uniform in its physical characteristics. The climate is generally cool and similar to that in central North America. The average temperature in the summer is between 60 F and 70 F, while the winter average is about 30 F. It has the capacity to reach very cold temperatures, and can be quite unaccommodating to massive military forces. Unfortunately, this climate was not enough to stop Russian and German armies from ravaging Poland's countryside. "Geographically, Poland stood as a tasty morsel between the jaws of Germany and Russia. An agricultural nation with no natural barriers or frontiers, Poland could not, like Switzerland, look to the mountains, money, or a strong industry for protection.""
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The Great Lakes Basin, 2005.
This paper discusses the potential for the development of ecotourism in the Great Lakes Basin.
4,295 words (approx. 17.2 pages), 22 sources, APA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Great Lakes Basin offers an abundance of ecological points to support ecotourism; moreover, if ecotourism becomes an important economic and social factor, it will have a positive affect on some of the ecological concerns of the region. The author points out that the tourism industry in the Great Lakes Basin is stagnated and the most appealing method to this revitalizing program is ecotourism, which would bring tourism to the area to generate both income to continue conservation efforts and interest in conserving the Great Lakes Basin's ecosystem and historic sites. The paper states that the first thrust of developing an ecotourism program is to survey Canadians and visitors to determine their interest in eco-travel and to evaluate potential financial benefits and to create an agency to manage ecotourism efforts in the Great Lakes Basin. Tables, charts, maps and illustrations.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Sustainability, Community Interest, Marketing and Mapping
Exotic Biologicals of Interest to Tourism and Ecotourism
Tourism Policies: Legal Issues Affecting Tourism Development in the Area
Tourism Statistics
Canoeing, Kayaking and Sailing
Power Boating
Recreational Fishing
Swimming
Most Popular Sports
Recommendations for Short, Medium and Long Terms
Ontario Tourism Forecast
Short-Term Recommendation
Medium- Term Recommendation
Long- Term Recommendation
Assorted Maps Useful for Planning Ecotourism
From the Paper
"In addition to the scientific ecotourism potential in this species migration (and the list above is a very small part of it), there is the land-based cultural aspect, particularly sustainable if exploited because "the history of exploration, colonization, settlement, and commercial development of the Great Lakes by European settlers spans almost four centuries. Throughout this period, non-indigenous aquatic animal and plant species have been introduced both intentionally and accidentally." Here, cultural history also enters the picture because, for medicinal purposes, early settlers imported non-native plants, such as bittersweet nightshade (Solanum dulcamara) as well as importing favored edibles, such as watercress (Rorippa nasturtium aquaticum), which thrived in the new environment, pushing out older native species."
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Australian Tourism.
This paper reviews the effect of the press on tourism in Australia.
1,920 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the press is a good way to get the word out on such attractions and benefits for travelers coming to Australia, featuring natural wonders, historical sites, low prices, resorts and hotels and other amenities. The author points out that a story in the "Canberra Times" reminds motorists that they can expect to pay more in gas prices soon, which will reduce internal tourism among Australians in their own country. The paper relates that articles about threats of terrorism or disease can have an effect on tourism, but these effects tend to be short-lived, diminishing as the direct threat diminishes and as public confidence is restored by governmental action.
From the Paper
"An examination of a number of publications over a period of a month or so shows that there is much interest in the idea of travel and in specific stories about tourism, hotels and resorts, travel to different parts of the world, and the perils of travel as well as the joys. Various businesses involved in travel or hospitality are also profiled both as businesses, asking questions about how well they are performing, and as destinations or means of travel, addressing the concerns of travelers. These stories provide information for Australians traveling to other destinations and extol the virtues of Australian destinations as well."
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Geography U.S.A..
This paper is an overview of the geography of the United States, one of the most diverse of any country.
1,845 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the physical environment of a nation helps facilitate human opportunities; the United States' geography has proven a source of economic and historical strength, as well as scientific curiosity. The author points out that the original colonies were mostly temperate in climate; but today, it is difficult to characterize the United States climate, as it is tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid in the Great Basin of the Southwest. The paper relates that the United States is far less regionalized than it used to be because of the simultaneous mobility and immigration shifts. Currently, geographers divide America into fourteen distinct regions, called Megalopolis, the American Manufacturing Core,; the Bypassed East; Appalachia and the Ozarks; the Deep South; the Southern Coastlands; the Agricultural Core; the Great Plains and Prairies; the Empty Interior; the Southwest Border Area; California; the North Pacific Coast; the Northlands; and Hawaii.
From the Paper
"The United States is not all urban, even today. It is still one of the breadbaskets of the world in the Midwest and Southern Florida's long growing season and mild winters enable it to be a leader in the production of oranges, lemons, and sugarcane. New York's proximity to harbors brought many immigrants to the land in that region as well as the ability to import new goods and export American goods to other lands. Georgia's verdant and tropical climate made it a place of vacation destinations, and earlier in the nation's history, even a place where the slave trade found a home, because of its ease of growing crops."
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The Australian Health Care System.
This paper describes the positive and negative aspects of the Australian health care system.
1,860 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Australian health care system is considered to be one of the better systems in the world, known for both its effectiveness and its efficiency. The author points out that its strength lies in the funding system, which employs three major subsidy plans nationwide: Medicare, the PBS, and the Private Health Insurance rebate of 30%. The paper states one of the problems is that the average customer, expecting a lot more than in the past, has driven health care treatment costs up considerably; yet there are more and more restraints or constraints on finances.
From the Paper
"The aim of the Australian healthcare funding system is to provide good health care facilities for the citizens of Australia and to also offer a choice for her people through the involvement of the private sector in the financial side of healthcare. The most popular system of providing this care is called 'Medicare' and this is financed by the government through a general tax levied from a sum based on a person's general income. This service is provided free of cost at the various points where the Medicare facility have been established. The healthcare provided here includes subsidized rates for prescribed medicines, including free medicines for some chronically ill patients. It also includes free or subsidized rates of treatment by certain doctors such as dentists and optometrists. Medicare is also offered to certain people belonging to the 'special needs' group, such as Aborigines, people belonging to rural and inaccessible areas, and people with mental illnesses."
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