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John Hancock, 2008.
An analysis of John Hancock's historical significance as a political leader.
1,414 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, although he played a crucial role in the division of the Thirteen American Colonies from the British Empire, John Hancock is not granted the same historical prominence as many of the other Founding Fathers. In particular, the paper looks at how John Hancock's pivotal place in the events leading up to the American Revolution and its aftermath are less clearly understood. It attempts to show that despite the gap between the historical evidence and the public's knowledge, it is evident that John Hancock's political and social leadership made him a significant figure in the tumultuous events surrounding the birth of the American nation.
From the Paper
"The port of Boston rallied behind Hancock when Liberty was seized. They retaliated by treating British officers in the area quite roughly and forcing many to retreat to ships parked offshore. Hancock's supporters then took the opportunity to drag the Customs Collector's official barge out of the harbor and through the town. They pulled it to Hancock's home and set it ablaze (Lancaster, 1971). What is most significant about this incident is that Hancock could have gotten his ship back from the British authorities at any time by simply paying the very small tax that existed on imported wine. "
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John Locke's "Second Treatise on Government", 2008.
A look at how John Locke expresses his belief in "Second Treatise on Government" that the English did the right thing in replacing the reigning monarch, James II, with William of Orange.
865 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that John Locke wrote the Second Treatise on Government at a difficult time in English history - when the English had just driven out the reigning monarch, James II, replacing him with William of Orange in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The paper further relates that while prominent political theorist decried this as a violation of the divine right to kings, Locke believed that the English had done the right thing and set out to prove this view. The paper then looks at how Locke expresses this belief in his "Second Treatise on Government".
From the Paper
"An individual's body is property belonging only to that individual. Anything that the individual removes from the state of nature by the labor of the individual's own he invests with labor by the very act of removing the thing from the state of nature. In doing so, the individual makes it his own property, appropriating it exclusively to himself. The labor which the individual invests in goods in taking them from the state of nature makes that the individual's property. Whatever he takes out of a natural state is improved by taking it out of the natural state."
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Draft for the War in Iraq, 2008.
An analysis of why the American public will not support a draft for the War in Iraq.
1,176 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history of the draft to the United States' Army. It particularly focuses on how the draft became an issue of debate in 2004 with regards to the War in Iraq. The paper discusses the reasons that the American public is failing to support the military presence in Iraq and how this public opinion affects whether or not there will be a draft for the present war.
From the Paper
"Vennochi (2006) states "either this war is worth every citizen's effort, or it's not worth any soldier's life" (para. 15). Through this statement it is evident that as a nation the people must support the troops by all means possible if there is ever to be an end to the conflict that took the lives of those on 9-11 and will, as promised, take greater numbers of Americans, if America does not act aggressively. Therefore, while public opinion may not support the reinstatement of the draft and support for the troops would be even less likely if a draft became a reality once again, the fact that a draft is needed at this time is significantly evident."
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Post-Genocide Cultures and Modes of Justice, 2008.
A review of three articles that discuss issues regarding post-genocide cultures and modes of justice and reconciliation.
1,162 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the experiences of post-genocide societies and how they achieve justice and reconciliation. It discusses three articles that develop broad lessons for societies transitioning from authoritarian cultures of impunity, to cultures of accountability and democracy. The paper looks at "The Case of the Lord's Resistance Army Insurgents in Northern Uganda" by Phillip Kasaija, "Conclusion: A Common Objective, a Universe of Alternatives" by Eric Stover and Harvey Weinstein and "After Arusha: Gacaca Justice in Post-Genocide Rwanda" by Alana Tiemessen.
From the Paper
"The relationship between legal responses to the state's past repression and the legal approaches chosen to effectuate political change to transform the society into a democracy are important. A society's perceptions of the role of law in the previous authoritarian regime may well influence the willingness of the new regime to utilize legal institutions to attain accountability and justice in the transition to democracy. If the previous legal order was subservient to the political machinery of the dictatorial regime, then its potential for transforming the society into a democracy might be limited. To prevent this from happening, the new democratic regime should emphasize the rule of law in rebuilding its society. Although the legal machinery might not be immediately available to deal with the egregious behavior of the previous regime, the development of a new legal order should be a priority of the democratic regime in order to create respect for the rule of law which will ultimately lead to a greater respect for human life."
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Charles Darwin, Critical Inquirer, 2008.
This paper discusses Charles Darwin as a historical example of critical inquiry.
1,055 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that one of the most famous and controversial historical inquiries in natural science was propagated by Charles Darwin, who hypothesized the theory of man's evolution and the origin of species. The author points out that Darwin was not swayed by the masses' acceptance of the Bible's version of creation. The paper relates that Darwin spent years doing quantitative research through experimental breeding of animals and plants and depended on the professional judgment of specialists in the natural sciences as an ingenious way to give authority to his concepts and theories.The paper states that, although Darwin's theory has been substantiated as scientifically sound, there is still a rift for many between science and religion when it comes to the theory of evolution. The author concludes that Darwin's critical inquiry has demonstrated that, although one may face criticism and ridicule, giving up on a hypothesis or a valid theory is not an option.
Table of Contents:
What Was the Example?
Did the Example Occur Inside or Outside the Paradigm of Prevailing Belief?
What was the Plan of Inquiry Followed by the Investigator, Scholar, or Artist?
How did the Example Demonstrate Insight and Higher-Order Learning?
What Lessons from the Example can be Applied to Your Own Graduate Work
From the Paper
"Prior to Darwin's investigation into the origin of species, most did not dare examine man and nature in such a way for fear of persecution. As stated, questioning God and creationism was considered taboo, yet Darwin had the insight to look beyond such machinations of society and investigate the natural selection he observed around him during his travels. It is this insight that assisted Darwin in noticing patterns in nature, correlations between these patterns, and interactions between events that suggested that his hypotheses had validity. This is how Darwin came to design his projects involving animal and plant breeding."
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Emperor Justinian the Great, 2008.
This paper discusses the achievements of Justinian the Great, who became emperor of Rome in 526.
1,950 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Justinian the Great restored order amid political and religious passions, rebuilt the empire and guarded the frontiers, all remarkably well. The author describes the wars in which Justinian's military policy was a brilliant success and relates that Justinian restored power over much of the western empire and controlled the Mediterranean. The paper further states that, as a philosopher and theologian, compared with his attacks on Christian heretics, Justinian seemed mostly indifferent to the teaching of paganism. Additionally, the paper reports the process by which Justinian organized the sources of Roman law into the Code of Justinian. The author of the paper concludes that Justinian, by surrounding himself with able assistants, brought back the grandeur of past emperors but could not revive the Empire.
From the Paper
"As a builder of public works, Justinian made lasting contributions to the monuments that mark the empire. His official historian, Procopius, spent eight books describing the many works he tirelessly carried on throughout the empire. His most celebrated, the Saint Sophia, still stands as a monument to his efforts. Justinian boasted that it surpassed Solomon's temple. Saint Vitalis's at Ravenna was comparable, filled with precious metals, marbles, and mosaics, monuments to the emperor's ostentatious piety. Pilgrims and mendicants probably appreciated more the inns, hospitals, and convents that made travel to the shrines safer and much more comfortable."
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The Transformation of Germany, 2008.
An examination of the history of Germany from World War I until today.
3,395 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Germany's economic and political development throughout the world wars and up until the twenty first century. The paper explains that what was formerly West Germany, now part of the re-unified Germany, achieved a major period of development after World War II to become the economic powerhouse in Europe. The paper looks at how after the first World War, the victorious Allies sought both to punish Germany and to assure that Germany would not be able to attack her neighbors again. The effort failed and, in fact, backfired giving Germany more reason to try to reassert her power. The paper points out that after World War II, the victors handled the situation differently, dividing Germany in two and imposing various means of monitoring the situation. The paper then discusses how Germany remained divided until the fall of the Soviet Union, after which East and West Germany re-united. In conclusion, the paper shows that the nation clearly made a major shift after World War II and continues to benefit from that shift to this day.
Outline:
The Unified German State
Germany After World War II
West Germany
Germany and Europe
Germany Recovery
Reunification
From the Paper
"At the end of World War I, curtailing German power and punishing her for her transgressions was coupled with direct efforts to eliminate the German problem. The war had taken its toll on Germany, which is why the other European powers were able to force her to sue for peace. World War I was seen as the triumph of Western liberalism represented by the British, American, and French traditions, over the German Bismarckian tradition. The changing of the borders of Germany and the accompanying creation of new national states that also adopted the liberal traditions showed which tradition had won."
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Emile Durkheim and Max Weber, 2008.
This paper compares the writings of Emile Durkheim and Max Weber, social theorists who observed the behaviors and idiosyncrasies of groups of people to determine how a modern society can make itself better.
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, while Max Weber explores the rational for religion and government, Emile Durkheim's biggest concern in his writings is how society can maintain its integrity in the modern era. The author points out that the differences between Durkheim and Weber are few although they did observer society from opposite ends of the spectrum. The paper relates that, while Durkheim focused on the social aspects of society, Weber focused on the economic aspects and bureaucracy. The author underscores that both philosophers felt a need to break away from the traditions that surrounded them, to modernize society and to help it evolve. The paper states that Weber's understanding of the connotations of people's actions gave him insight into the evolution of a modern society; whereas, Durkheim was a Darwinist who believed that basing science on a single hypothesis was not a reliable choice.
From the Paper
"Durkheim is often referred to as the father of sociology. He was concerned that shared religious and ethnic backgrounds prevented society from maintaining its integrity. Along with Herbert Spencer Durkheim broke society up into categories defined by the function they held in society and whether or not they contributed to the health of society. Durkhiem was opposed to Weber's view that society was a sum of its parts. He believed that the action of individual people is what created a healthy society. His theory was called methodological Individualism."
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The "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle", 2008.
An analysis of the significance of the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle," focusing on some of the key figures it features.
1,061 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the content and significance of the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle." It begins by discussing in general about the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" and provides some basic background information about the document. The paper then closely examines a few key figures from the "Chronicles", such as Canute the Great, Harold Harefoot and Edward III. The paper illustrates the way that the document presents key information about events and individuals in the medieval history of England and Europe.
From the Paper
"The value of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle to historians of medieval Europe is nearly innumerable. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle provides a clear record of the major events that occurred in England from the time it was first written in the late 9th century until the 12th century AD. In addition, the authors traced back events to the birth of Christ, providing a comprehensive history of England and her people, written by the first people who could be historically called English. Scholars of medieval history can utilize this text to provide a fuller understanding of the lives and events that shaped the historical development of England and Europe."
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The Enduring Popularity of Ernest Shackleton, 2008.
An examination of why interest in Ernest Shackleton increased dramatically in about 1995, focusing on the 2001 film "The Endurance: Shackleton's Legendary Antarctic Expedition."
1,361 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the enduring popularity of Ernest Shackleton who was involved in a legendary Antarctic expedition. It particularly focuses on why interest in Ernest Shackleton increased dramatically in about 1995 and lasted until 2003. It discusses the expedition and looks at the film "The Endurance: Shackleton's Legendary Antarctic Expedition," that The Burke Museum of Natural History at the University of Washington showed in 2001.
From the Paper
"With the release of the new information, there followed a wide range of materials dealing with Shackleton. These included two biographies suitable for elementary students (Marcovitz; reviewed by Ching; Calvert, reviewed by McLoughlin), and two others suitable for middle school students (Plimpton, reviewed by Cohen; reviewed by Jones; Johnson, reviewed by Engberg, and reviewed by Gawron). At the same time, there has been a remarkable general revival of interest in all things from these expeditions. Captain Scott's snow goggles were recently sold at auction for more than L20,000, and a biscuit recovered from that expedition went for a remarkable L4,000 (Smith 50)."
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Challenges Facing Democracy in the United States, 2008.
An argument claiming that President Bush has created a number of challenges to democracy in the United States today.
1,570 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the three greatest challenges facing democracy in the United States today - the tyranny of the majority and the violation of civil liberties; an undemocratic constitution and an undemocratic electoral system; and an overwhelming executive power. The paper argues that President Bush's relentless abuses of power have led to this situation in the politics of the country.
From the Paper
"The ultimate and foundational cause of all three problems being analyzed is the ignorance and apathy of tens of millions of Americans regarding politics and government. This ignorance and apathy has been exploited by the current occupant of the White House and his party in order to govern as fascists behind a facade of token lip service to Constitutional government and the rule of law. The Impeachment process would compel the complicit corporate media to report upon and acknowledge this harsh reality, which in turn would stir Americans from their lethargy and generate long-term electorate distrust of Republicans."
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in China, 2008.
This paper discusses the role of government policy in attracting
foreign direct investment (FDI) in China.
2,860 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, with the advent of its reformist policies in the late 1970s, China opened what is potentially one of the world's large markets to foreign direct investment (FDI). The author points out that, initially, the government tried to draw that investment into areas that were familiar to emigres resulting in a spectacular influx of FDI. The paper reports that, in subsequent years, the government has attempted to redirect FDI to other areas, with much less success. The author points out that FDI is allocated through the decentralized, largely market-oriented mechanism, which supports the view that the Chinese central government has only a limited capacity to compel private groups and local governments to adhere to policies it believes are in the national interest The paper concludes that China has received a huge amount of FDI, which will have profound impacts on that country in the coming decades.
Table of Contents:
The Reform Period and Foreign Direct Investment
The Goals of Reform
China and FDI: The Initial Success
The Inability to Control Special Interests
The Lack of Social Embeddedness
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Indeed, the change was sufficiently sudden that in several instances, the ideological rationale for the change was not formulated until after markets were opened to foreign investment. The rationale for the new policy was reflected in several areas. In terms of economic development, the Chinese conceded that despite major gains, their economic condition was not improving at a rate comparable to that of other comparably situated countries. The new policies were advanced as allowing China to secure needed new sources of capital, advanced technology, advanced management skills."
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