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American Democracy, 2008.
Looks at American democracy as a problematic concept.
905 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although democracy is considered one of the most sacred of all American values, America was not founded upon the principles of democratic liberty, at least not during its early days of settlement. The author presents example, from U.S. history, of slavery and enfranchisement, which support this statement. The paper concludes that, although the country has made many strides, the modern definition of true American democracy is an ideal, which still remains unfulfilled to all persons living within America's borders.
From the Paper
"Americans grew more self-critical about slavery, and more Americans were enfranchised through voting and by initiatives such as the Homestead Act and industrialization, which made land more available to Americans and gave lower-class Americans greater ability to prosper from capitalism. However, although these moves might be seen largely as positives, there is also the problem that these developments are also not without complicated 'democratic' developments."
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Burial Mounds, 2008.
This paper discusses the preservation of Native-American heritage, focusing on burial sites.
1,068 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that as more and more time is spent on excavating and preserving lesser known Native-American sites, archaeologists are uncovering much older and unconventional historical sites. The writer points out that Native-American burial sites continue to pop up around the country as more and more of the land is continually developed. These sites are providing a much clearer picture of the ancient residents of the United States. The writer discusses that thanks to the work of archaeologists nationwide, these ancient cultures are being preserved through their links with modern day tribes, who are now able to explore their past further. Modern archeology has played a primary role in the discovery, but more importantly the preservation, of Native-American sacred burial sites. The writer concludes that by preserving these sacred sites, we are keeping a culture alive which was almost forgotten; a culture which predates European dominance in the Americas.
From the Paper
"Minnesota legislation also protects sites from removal of any material content from protected lands. Any failures to obey such legislation can result in criminal felony charges. The State Archeologist at the Minnesota Historical Society is in charge of excavating and authenticating possible burial sites, showing archaeology's importance in creating and maintaining legislation involving ancient historical sites.
"Many people wonder why the Federal Government and State authorities should spend effort to protect these sites. First, these sites provide crucial details about the American past. They also provide links to modern day Native American cultures."
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Creating America, 2008.
Examines literature from colonial North America and later new immigrants to explore the creation of the American identity.
2,055 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the creation of the American identity was not a fluid, linear process but rather a generational process. The paper points out that this process is reflected in the literature, which shows how the first generation of colonists and later new immigrants long for home, but slowly, themes and traditions emerge that express a belief that the old nation, in the case of America England, is divergent from the new land. Eventually, themes of home as the new land become dominant in literature. The author explores this literature, associated with immigration, as the text of the development of the American identity.
From the Paper
"The tasks were many, and they included lofty goals such as taming the natives and more practical ones, relating to the production of goods to return home. This industry was not thought of as permanent, it was thought of as an industry needed to broaden the boundaries of the world from which they had come. In one demonstrative title, examining the history of the book in the colonial period is a statement about the nature of the colonial mind. Each individual colonist embraced their individuality as a colony charter, rather than as members of a new and emerging national identity of America."
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Immigrant versus Native Americans, 2008.
This paper looks at the relationship between natives and new colonists from the colonial period.
1,740 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the colonial Americans were clearly a population in conflict with a multitude of conflicting populations as well as objects. The writer notes that the colonists were in conflict with the land, which they did not yet understand, as well as the native peoples of the land, which they had chosen to become at least their temporary home, in the name of European progress and wealth. The writer points out that the conflicts, of which there were many, with native Americans were frequently difficult and bloody and in fact marked one of the greatest obstacles associated with European dominance of the new found colonies. The neighbors having been provoked by bad behavior in the past, would likely see and treat the new colonists with the same regard, tentatively trading with them to gain goods they had become dependent upon but at the same time never letting down their guard to the potential for treachery. The writer concludes that the native populations and the colonists then were in a continual dance of shaking hands at full arms length, in need of each other but unwilling to come any closer.
From the Paper
"The colonists therefore resolved the conflict between themselves and natives, by placing the responsibility for collective communication upon the natives, and assuming all others, those who did not come to them first were in need of cajoling, either by means of warfare or dominance by dependence.
"Though in retrospect, some observers of the colonial experience, such as Raynol, recognized the error of assuming superiority over natives and removing them from the land with brute force and physical dominance was unethical at the very least, there is also a clear sense that this is retrospective and Raynol, did not have to live there. The pillage and plunder mentality and action, did not always succeed, though and there were clearly some who learned from the failings of others, in the conflict with the native populations."
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Jane Delano and the American Red Cross, 2008.
Looks at the career of nurse Jane Delano, especially with the American Red Cross.
3,000 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the life and career of nurse Jane Delano. The paper specifically focuses on Delano's career as the director of the Red Cross Nursing Service. The paper concludes that Jane Delano is remembered today for her grit, her compassion, her intelligence and her calm demeanor, even when she was faced with the most disastrous situations.
From the Paper
"It must be noted that nurses have always been involved in the provision of services by the Red Cross, and most especially during times of intense conflict like for example a war, or during times of natural disasters, like floods or earthquakes. Historically, the Red Cross and its association with nurse's dates as far back as the time of the yellow fever epidemic in the year 1888, and thereafter, during the time of the Johnston flood in 1889."
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The JFK Assassination, 2008.
Looks at the assassination of President John F. Kennedy (JFK) as one of history's greatest mysteries.
865 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that solving great mysteries, such as the assassination of President John F. Kennedy (JFK) makes a person famous and immortal like the heroes and villains of history. Although many people accept as true the findings of the Warren Commission, forty-four years after the event, the debate still remains over how, why and who killed JFK. The writer contends that, like any TV investigator, the person seeking the answers to this mystery must establish baseline investigative mechanisms and use a team of highly capable professionals.
From the Paper
"Humans are supposedly the only rational, logical and thinking being that walk on this earth. Man, since time immemorial, has exploited the bounties of nature - but what nature has at times is not enough for man. From the earliest written records, man has sought immortality. This is prevalent not only in historical records but also in literary prose and poetry. Immortality may be construed in different ways: there is immortality of the organic being, which is impossible because it is a fact of life that everybody dies."
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Exploration and the New World, 2008.
A look how exploration to the New World changed the evolution of world history and how European colonization differed from that of other world powers of that era.
1,486 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses why the European colonization of the New World took on such particular importance, in terms of how world history evolved, and how the Europeans were able to gain such a tenacious foothold in the Americas despite the fact that North and Central America was already heavily populated by powerful civilizations. The paper also compares the European colonization of the New World to world powers of the same period who were equally capable of carrying on similar colonizing expeditions.
From the Paper
"First of all, unlike the Asian, Arab, and earlier Scandinavian powers, which were all equally capable of carrying on similar colonizing expeditions, the European colonizers were driven by universalizing, expansive religious ideologies that refused to acknowledge pluralism and toleration. For example, the Puritans cast family and nation behind to create a new society, entirely governed by their religious laws. The conquistadors went fiercely and determinedly in search of economic opportunities not provided by their own society and nation. This gave these individuals a zealous and determined sense of conquest. In contrast, most of the indigenous societies these colonizers confronted were self-sustained and self-contained, and had no reason or knowledge of other societies outside of their immediate framework. They were not equipped, militarily or philosophically, to cope with such an onslaught."
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Cambodia and Rwanda, 2008.
An examination of the failure of the United Nations and the United States to intervene prior to the massacres in Cambodia and Rwanda.
1,392 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the genocides in Cambodia and Rwanda and how the United Nations failed to respond although their intervention was sought in both countries. The author finds that the U.S. was responsible for the removal of UN peacekeepers already in Rwanda, and posits that many lives could have been saved in both countries, had the U.S. taken the internal conflicts in both places seriously.
From the Paper
"As with Rwanda, it is clear that the world knew what was happening, at least after a certain point, and yet failed to do all it could to stop the killing. Howard Adelman and Astri Suhrke find that those in charge of various agencies and stats did not know in the beginning that the Tutsis would be subject to genocide, though they did have the information that could have told them this would happen. These groups should have analyzed the data, drawn the proper conclusions, and then done something to prevent what occurred, but they did not, and the authors cite the failure of the UN in particular."
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The Al Qaeda Organization, 2008.
An analysis of the background of Osama bin Laden and his development and structuring of Al Qaeda.
2,554 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the development and structure of the Al Qaeda Organization. It begins by describing the background of Al Qaeda's leader, Osama bin Laden. It then looks at how bin Laden set up the structure of the organization and how it functions today. The paper concludes that Al Qaeda represents one of the greatest threats to world security.
From the Paper
"Al Qaeda, as with many other terrorist organizations, has a much elaborated way of functioning. Almost every detail is severely controlled by its leaders, starting from funding, without which the organization's purposes could not be reached, until recruitment and training. Certainly the center element of Al Qaeda is played by its ideology, which is strongly against the expansion of Western powers towards the Muslim world. However strange it might seem Al Qaeda manages to attract supporters from all over the world, irrespective of their religion but united by the common hatred against US and Western countries. Still, the organization's center ideology is based on the Muslim religion and jihad, in which Al Qaeda finds explanation for its actions. However, the organization must be viewed as an extremist terrorist organization that does not represent the Muslim world."
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Race, Gender, and Work, 2008.
This paper analyzes the book "Race, Gender and Work: A Multicultural Economic History of Women in the United States" by Teresa Amott and Julie Matthaei.
1,630 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce and analyze the book "Race, Gender and Work: A Multicultural Economic History of Women in the United States" by Teresa Amott and Julie Matthaei. Specifically, it discusses why the analysis of women's work in terms of race, class, and history is essential to the study of contemporary work issues.
From the Paper
"This liturgy is repeated throughout American history through Chicana women, Black women, European immigrant women, and Asian women. White men created the societal rules, and women had to conform to them. In the contemporary workplace, these male-dominated rules still largely govern hiring practices and jobs available to women. This actually began in the 19th century when it became more common for people to seek wage-work rather than providing for themselves on a farm or other family business. Many men began to work outside the home, leaving the tending of home, family, reproduction, and other responsibilities to the women at home, of course unpaid. Most of the companies hiring men (and some single women) were owned by white male capitalists, who hired a majority of men in their factories and offices. Women that could not afford servants took on more responsibilities, while the entire American culture began to revolve around home, hearth, and the women who maintained this domesticity."
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Analysis of Thomas Hardy's Women Characters, 2008.
A thesis paper analyzing the female characters in Thomas Hardy's "Tess of the D'Urbervilles" and "Jude the Obscure" in the light of feminist criticism.
19,400 words (approx. 77.6 pages), 33 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
The novels of Thomas Hardy have created intense critical debate and discussion in recent years, especially in terms of post-structuralist and feminist readings and interpretations of the texts. A central focus of this critical and theoretical literary discourse is the apparent ambivalence and ambiguity that many scholars perceive in the works with regard to his attitude towards women and their place in society. This apparent ambiguity in Hardy's presentation of women forms the underlying and central trajectory of thought in this paper and an attempt is made to relate these critical views to the two main texts under discussion; as well as presenting an overall view of the feminist stance as it pertains to the interpretation of the selected texts. A further and equally important dimension of this study is the exploration of the view that Hardy's perception towards women was influenced by the conservative society and times in which he lived. This paper also explores to what extent the writer questioned and opposed the patriarchal views that were dominant in Victorian society at the time. The central core of the present analysis of Hardy's novels is therefore focused on feminist interpretations and critiques of the works in question. More specifically, the feminist critique is involved with the post structuralist and postmodern deconstruction of western society and the interrogation of the constructs and master narratives that inform or create various social attitudes and perceptions of gender. This is an aspect that is developed in the theory section of the present study and is expanded on further in the analysis of the novels. A central fulcrum around which the discussion in this paper revolves is the apparent ambiguities and contradictions in Hardy's works, when seen from a feminist perspective. This paper also attempts to reconcile these two seemingly opposing views of the works to some extent. Another central element in this analysis of Hardy's novels is the focus on the politics of sex and the cultural and social norms and values that played an important part in the view of women and gender discrimination in Victorian society. There is little doubt that Victorian society had a very narrow view of the potential and individuality of women. There are many feminist views, concepts and theoretical constructs that are also incorporated into the analysis of the texts. For example, the importance of the theory that society "politicizes" the female body and the way that the female body is objectified and becomes an "object of desire" rather then a living person. However, throughout this analysis a balance is maintained between the theoretical views and analytical tools that are used by feminist critics and an analysis of the text itself. In other words, the theoretical views are measured against the actual text.
Outline:
1. Introduction
1.2. Thomas hardy and Victorian society: a brief background.
2. Feminist theory and Hardy
2.1. Modern theoretical trajectories and feminism
2.1. 1. A note on post - structuralism and postmodernism
2.2. Feminist theory and literary criticism
2.3. The Social and cultural context
2. 4. The Male Gaze
3. Tess of the d'Urbervilles
3.1. The problem of Hardy as a feminist novel
3.2. Overview
3.3. Tess and traditional feminist interpretations
3.4. Tess of the D'Urbervilles and sexual politics
3.5. Sexual construction
3.6. The development of Tess and the fight against the 'male gaze'
4. Jude the Obscure
4.1. Introduction and overview
4.2. Brief summary of the novel
4.3. The male world divided from nature
4.4. Arabella
4.5. Sue
5. Conclusion and Assessment
6. Bibliography
From the Paper
"The most imperative aspect that Mitchell notes is that feminist interpretations are extremely important in an understanding of these works due to the fact that female characters and issues surrounding sexuality and gender form such an important part of almost all of Hardy's novels and cannot be ignored in terms of modern analysis. This may seem like a rather obvious point but in many of Hardy's works the focus is on the female characters as a reflection of and comment on society and the cultural milieu of the novels.
"Sexuality and its ramifications in terms of characters like Tess in Tess of the D'Urbervilles is also an important aspect of contemporary feminist critique that applies to the novels. This is an aspect that is especially important in an analysis of the novels.
"One of the most important early feminist critics of the work of Thomas Hardy is Mary Jacobus (1975). Her work has been focused on the psychological dimensions and representations of Sue Bridehead and the nature of her emancipation, in Jude the Obscure. (Harvey 183)."
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Code of Hammurabi, 2008.
This essay compares the present day judicial system with the code of Hammurabi, specifically discussing false allegations and rape.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the code of Hammurabi, which was the first, extant written record of law in human history, designed to govern people in a harsh land, under harsh conditions. Its purpose was that the strong should not harm the weak. With this in mind, and also the strict punishments present in the rest of the code, the law-giver was careful that his judicial system itself did not become a weapon in the hands of the accusers. Unlike our own system of justice, Hammurabi's Code has equally harsh penalties for those who bring false accusations as those who commit crimes. This paper looks at how the present day issue of protecting defendants against prosecutorial misconduct against offenses that are questionable has become an issue in cases of rape. However, as the paper asserts, the punishments meted out to false accusers are not comparable to those suffered by an individual who is convicted of an offense of rape in our society.
From the Paper
"Why not prosecute the woman, given that it is possible to prosecute individuals for bringing about false allegations? Hammurabi's Code specifies only one punishment for all crimes of unfair allegations--death. However, in our society, we have begun to understand that there are different levels of criminal intent and criminal activity. A woman may believe she was raped but although she feels hurt, what she experienced may not meet the legal definition of rape. She may have felt emotionally manipulated or pressured to engage in sexual activity, but for a rape to exist legally, more than a vague sense of discontent must be present. In the Duke case specifically, in direct contradiction to her story, the two DNA tests conducted by the prosecutor's office found no match between any of the three students accused of rape and the accuser ("Duke Lacrosse prosecutor faces ethics complaint," CNN Law Center, 2006)."
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