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Evolution of the Women's Business Suit, 2008.
An analysis of development of the purpose and style of the women's business suit from the 1550s until today.
1,137 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the evolution of the women's business suit. It begins by discussing the development of women's jackets from as far back as 1550. It looks at their function and practicality, as well as their fashion and stylishness. The paper particularly focuses on the role of the women's suit in business and the messages that it conveys.
From the Paper
"Today in her speech before an assembled audience of women leaders, even the editor of a women's fashion magazine, Glamour, wears a conservative suit, not one of the pastel confections of the 1950s. Everyone in the audience, all women wear suits. "To look professional and be taken seriously, you need to wear a jacket," is the testimony one style consultant (Givhan, 2006). Granted, women's business attire has become more "relaxed, more feminine and more flattering," since the 1970s, taking into consideration the different shapes of a women's form. Just as women no longer have to prove themselves to be the same as men to succeed in the boardroom, women no longer have to dress exactly like men to be taken seriously. But although dresses "might be ideal for a dinner or luncheon," they "are not favored by women looking to flash a little power" (Givhan, 2006). A suit jacket continues to exude power, and while it can be sexy and feminine, today no professional women's wardrobe is complete without a business suit."
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Genocide in Rwanda, 2008.
This paper relates the culture and history of the Tutsi tribe.
1,727 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that the distinction between the Hutu and Tutsi tribes was fundamentally based in land, cattle and political access. The paper further relates that Hutu and Tutsi people on an individual basis were able to overcome their differences and develop friendships and even marital alliances. The paper explains, however, that with the incursion of European colonialism, first Germany and then Belgium, European considerations of power came to the forefront and they introduced racial and ethnic tensions that linger until this day.
From the Paper
"Today, the Tutsi tribe is most famous as the victims of one of the most notable acts of genocide of recent memory, in the Hutu-lead African nation of Rwanda. But the history of the Tutsis is a long and complicated one that cannot be surmised in a news article or a caption below a sad photograph. More than four hundred years ago, the Tutsi tribe settled in an area of what is now predominantly known as the African nation of Rwanda, while they were searching for more fertile land on which to graze their cattle. The land was then populated by the more numerous Hutu tribes and the less populous Twa tribe."
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Post-Westphalia Treaty Europe, 2008.
An analysis of transnational organizations within post-Westphalia treaty Europe.
11,750 words (approx. 47.0 pages), 54 sources, APA, $ 228.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the concept of national sovereignty established by the Treaty of Westphalia has slowly but surely been replaced with one of supra-national organizations of various types, assuming both the authority and the responsibility for many tasks that were jealously guarded by the nations of Europe in the past. It examines the Treaty of Westphalia in light of these recent trends and illustrates how the actions of transnational organizations are Machiavellian in their very nature. The paper suggests that this represents a source of future conflict within Europe wherein only a supra-national body can apply effective governance.
Table of Contents:
Executive Summary
Review of the Literature
Treaty of Westphalia
Post-Modern Europe
Trans-Nationalism
Transnational Organisations
Essay
Introduction
Part One
Current European Political Climate
Pre-Westphalia Treaty Europe
European Spatial Development Perspective and the Issue of Polycentricism
Part Two
Three Types of Transnational Organizations
Transnational criminal/terrorist organizations
International non-governmental organizations
Part Three
Post-Westphalia Treaty Europe and Transnational Organisations
Summary
From the Paper
"The research clearly showed that the signing of the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 represented a demarcation point in European history wherein the concept of national sovereignty was established only to be replaced over time by a number of historical transformations in international law that have profound implications for the European Union of the 21st century. Based on the foregoing, it is reasonable to conclude that the actions of TNOs are Machiavellian in their very nature and this represents a fundamental source of future conflict within Europe and creates an environment in which only supra-national bodies can apply and sustain effective governance."
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Military Tactics of Imperial Rome, 2008.
This paper discusses the military tactics of Rome during its reign in the Imperial Period.
1,220 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
There is a clear sense that Roman Imperialism was made possible to a large degree by the attainment of a high level of military knowledge and structure. Rome in the Imperial Period, roughly between 27 BC to 395 AD, was marked by a substantially large and well organized standing army. The Roman City State had developed and established sets of colonies, some of which created through collaboration and others through conquest, but delineated a sense of strategic protection and superiority regionally. According to this paper, it is the organization of the army which marks both Rome's success and its ability to utilize novel military tactics to defeat its enemy and gain imperial territory, which at its peak stretched through most of Europe, the Persian Gulf and North Africa.
From the Paper
"The ebb and flow of military tactics was to a large degree dependent upon the character, flexibility and acceptance of the emperor, who was more often than not the traveling and demonstrative leader of the empire or the future leader of the empire. Additionally, most successful imperial leaders of Rome beginning with Augustus, demonstrated a keen sense of the need to alter tactics to the size of the available troops, the known tactics of the enemy and the environment of the region, an issue that became paramount in very distant campaigns such as that of Britain, and especially North Britain. (Shotter 53) Roman military tactics are clearly marked as a standard for modern warfare of the time including issues such as defined logistics, military intelligence gathering and preliminary constructions of fortifications, both permanent and temporary as well as road building, which to a large degree was the lasting mark of Roman military success. (Goldsworthy 43-78) The building of Hadrian's wall in fact is argued to be the delineation of the length to which Rome was willing to go in its occupation of Britain, based on political but mostly environmental reasons. The organization of the northern occupied regions was markedly less and the infrastructure was much sparser, for the most part because few Roman citizens saw the wisdom in living in such an unfavorable and un-Roman region, with very limited regional gains to be had. (Shotter 9)"
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India's Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, 2008.
Looks at Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, who deeply influenced the history of India.
875 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the activities of India's Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru in establishing India's economy, politics and development following the independence from British rule. Nehru's involvement transformed India into a civilized and powerful republic. The author describes Nehru's concept of Indianness in which he wanted to avoid a copy of European nationalism. The paper relates that, although Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru were bound together through their common quest for the truth, Gandhi was an eccentric, living in poverty and promoting non-violence and religion, while Nehru was more of a noble and a socialist person. The author contrasts their beliefs.
From the Paper
"An issue posed by the unification of India had been the Indian multiculturalism and the lack of cooperation between these specific cultural entities. Therefore, English appeared to be the only language through which the South and the North were able to communicate. This is why there was a need for a national point of reference. Thus, the Indian concept of an identity was a state and an organization that could implement a legal identity. Nehru's opinion was that the country's history could not be cleaned and invoked an acceptation of its past and its advantages, encouraging modernism and the need of unity.
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Changing Role of Women in America, 2008.
This paper discusses changes in regards to the status of women in American society.
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer notes that less than 100 years ago, American women enjoyed relatively few freedoms: they could not vote, they could not control money, and they were frequently treated like chattel or other property, owned by their male relatives. However, the last 100 years have seen tremendous advances in women's rights. The writer points out that, first, women have obtained significant legal advances in the past 100 years, which have led to the legal recognition of women as equals. Although women have not achieved absolute equality, these legal changes have led to significant equitable equality. The writer discusses that while these changes have impacted women of different races in different manners, the feminist movement has resulted in positive changes for all women. The writer concludes that, as a result of these changes, all American women have achieved substantial gender equality, and the changes have benefited women regardless of class or gender.
Outline:
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
From the Paper
" Although women did not traditionally enjoy legal or real freedoms in America, there has been a tremendous change in women's rights in the last 100 years, and those changes have positively impacted women of all races and classes. Women have gone from being considered the property of husbands or the absolute property of slave-owners to autonomous individuals with the full range of legal rights and responsibilities. In addition, the law officially prohibits sex-based discrimination. These legal changes have led to increases in substantive equality. For example, women make up almost half of the American labor force and, though the wage gap still exists, it is slowly shrinking. In addition, American women have access to reliable contraceptives, giving them an unprecedented level of personal freedom. These changes have benefited women from all walks of life; though the feminist movement has not accomplished its goals of eliminating racism and classism, it has successfully benefited women of all races and classes. Such tremendous changes in such a relatively short period of time make total equality seem inevitable."
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The Sound of Music, 2008.
This paper studies the film 'The Sound of Music', focusing on the them and music featured in the movie.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces, discusses and analyzes the film 'The Sound of Music'. Specifically it discusses the music and theme of the film. The writer notes that 'The Sound of Music' is one of classic Hollywood's classic musicals and is still a family favorite today, even though it was first released in 1965 to movie theaters. The writer explains that it is a heartwarming story that tells the story of the rise of Nazi power in Austria in the 1930s, and how one family coped with the historic and frightening events swirling around them. The writer looks at the storyline and notes that the story is essentially true, but the film took fictional license with much of the truth involved. The writer discusses that the story would not be the same without all the music, and this indicates that it works in the film, making it more magical and charming than it would have been without all the wonderful songs.
From the Paper
"The overarching film theme is the theme of love transforming a dysfunctional family, something that is purely an invention for the film. While the Captain was strict, he was not as strict as the film portrays, and in reality, Maria went to the family home to act as a nurse, more than a governess. The couple did fall in love, however, and did marry. In the film, Maria is the catalyst that brings the family together and helps the Captain see how much he loves his family. She nurtures the children and gets the Captain to open up and be much more loving and open with his family, and brings the entire family together. The family in the film is dysfunctional, because the Captain is so strict and so unable to warm up to his children, and they need a woman's touch to get past this feeling of domination and fear that permeates the children. They are not allowed to just be "children" until Maria comes, and that transforms the family and turns it into a "real" loving and caring unit."
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"After The Face: The Art of Historical Detection", 2008.
A review of the history book "After The Face: The Art of Historical Detection" by James West Davidson and Mark Hamilton Lytle.
1,412 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper examines "After The Face: The Art of Historical Detection" and shows how the authors, Davidson and Lytle, use interesting and vivid story-telling to bring the information to life. The paper focuses on two chapters; the account of the Dust Bowl, of struggling immigrants in California and the issue of Truman dropping the atom bomb on Japan. The paper highlights the effectiveness of the authors' techniques in writing this history book.
From the Paper
"The "Dust Bowl Odyssey" (Chapter Eleven) in the Davidson - Lytle book, After the Fact, is a very well-illustrated and well-thought-out part of the book. This chapter uses factual historical data, literary references (such as passages from John Steinbeck's Grapes of Wrath), and the works of well-known photographer Dorothea Lange. Not only does Davidson show some of Lange's work, the authors tell her story, which is a far more interesting way of looking at American history than bland factual narrative."
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Race, Gender, and Latin American Eugenics, 2008.
This essay discusses Nancy Leys Stepan's "The Hour of Eugenics: Race, Gender, and Nation in Latin America" and evaluates how theories of "racial improvement" aided modernization in Latin America.
1,185 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the conceptualization of 'science' as purely objective and entirely distanced from the influences of politics. Specifically, this paper looks at the science of eugenics as extremely popular in many nations from the turn of the century until the 1940's. Instead of being purely 'science', as many conceptualized, eugenics was used to justify racial segregation and oppression, in Europe, North America and also in Latin America. According to Nancy Leys Stepan, simply because Latin American eugenics was not used as a tool of state policy on the same level of brutality as in Nazi Germany, does not mean that it was not still deployed by scientists and state officials alike to control human behavior.
From the Paper
"Latin American eugenics was driven by the desire to purify the physical appearance and morality of the nation. Gender, and the presumed inferior place of women also fueled the structure of the health policy, as monitoring the female body and creating the perfect mother was the justification for the compulsory registration of pregnant women and enforced medical exams for the 'good' of the baby and future citizen. Within the bodies of mothers, the new nation would be born, thus (as in Nazi Germany, but with a different scientific justification and emphasis on propagation rather than annihilation) the state 'owned' the body of the woman."
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Maltreatment of Children, 2008.
This paper looks at how the definition of child, along with the concepts of child maltreatment, have evolved over time within society.
3,680 words (approx. 14.7 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the conception of what constitutes maltreatment of children. Specifically, this paper establishes the view that the whole concept of what constitutes a designation of being a "child" has changed over time, like many other societal definitions. According to the author, the designation of a child as a vulnerable member of society that requires special protection by parents and others is in fact a relatively new concept, and this is especially true of the social designation of adolescence. This paper takes a look at child maltreatment as a concept that has evolved over time, especially with regards to the definitions in a legal sense and the afforded interventions that are offered to society as a whole when these new definitions are breeched. Furthermore, this paper asserts that just like any other recently designated social problem, the phenomena of child maltreatment, though it has existed for all of human history, has taken a significant amount of time to be defined in the manner it is today.
From the Paper
"Sadly, due to the nature of the limited communication skills of children and the desire of many abusers to deny events occurrences social workers are often engaged in resolving behavioral and social problems that occur as a result months or even years of maltreatment or single events that are so traumatic for the child that they relive them continually in thought and seek alternative behaviors to alleviate or even signal the need for intervention. Childhood trauma is a perceptual situation, and all trauma either intentional or unintentional, say as a result of witnessing unrelated acts of violence can effect all children in a different way, from not much at all to fundamentally and long lasting posttraumatic stress which can involve nightmares, behavioral problems, educational problems or even serious social concerns."
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Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Civil Rights Movement, 2008.
A review of the book "Why We Can't Wait" by Martin Luther King, Jr.
852 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the book "Why We Can't Wait" by Martin Luther King, Jr. which describes the 1963 struggle for civil rights that climaxed with legislation that ended segregation in the United States. The paper looks at how this book is written in graphic terms, in language that is intended to move people. The paper also points out that the chapters in the book are, in essence, written sermons. The paper then explains why "Why We Can't Wait" is an important document concerning this period of segregation and oppression of black people in America.
From the Paper
"In the opening chapter, Dr. King addresses the question, "Why 1963?" and summarizes the many events that brought the emotional crisis which black people had endured to a head. Segregationists were proving the depth of their intransigence. Africa was moving to full independence, yet in much of America neither African diplomats to the United States nor United States Marines were accorded basic human decency. To combat this situation, Dr. King had studied and been profoundly influenced by the doctrine of non-violence, which he discusses in his second chapter, "The Sword That Heals.""
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Origins of World War I, 2008.
This paper provides an outline of Chapter 2 of "Origins of the War" by Sidney B. Fay.
982 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews Chapter 2 of "Origins of the War" by Sidney B. Fay entitled "The System of Secret Alliances, 1871-1890: Domination of the Eastern Empires". The paper looks at Fay's analysis of the consequences of the Franco-Prussian War, the allegiance of Russia, Austria and Germany known as the League of the Three Emperors and its dissolution. The paper also outlines Fay's perspective on the Austro-German Alliance, the recreation of the Alliance of the Three Emperors, the Russo-German "Re-Insurance Treaty," the Triple Alliance, Romania Alliance and Franco-Russian Alliance. In addition, the paper looks at how Fay highlights the end of the Eastern Empire domination and the wheels being set in motion toward World War I.
Outline:
Consequences of the Franco-Prussian War
League of the Three Emperors, 1872-1878
Near Eastern Crisis, 1875-1878
Austro-German Alliance of 1879
Alliance of the Three Emperors, 1881-1887
Russo-German "Re-Insurance treaty," 1887-1890
Triple Alliance of 1882
Romania Alliance of 1883
Breakdown of the Wire to Russia in 1890
German Relations, 1871-1890
From the Paper
"In this section, Fay discusses how Germany had remained politically and socially weak from the time of the Thirty Years War in the seventeenth century, and was subject to French policy, which was determined to keep Germany weak and divided. Germany dealt with the problem directly and expelled Austria from its rule by the Prussian victory at Sadowa, and established the North German Federation, although under Prussian rule. France was now the underling and Germany was the strong enemy. Bismarck was highly criticized by the French for the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine, however, Fay's view is that Bismarck was just doing what is common during war and after victory. Nonetheless, Fay surmises that this decision was so pervasive and so angered France that it became one of the main underlying causes for World War I. In essence, Fay lays the fault of World War I right on the doorstep of Germany."
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