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Softwood Lumber and Free Trade, 2007.
An analysis of the the Softwood Lumbar Agreement and free trade agreements between Canada and the United States.
2,485 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Softwood Lumbar Agreement between Canada and the United States. It describes the different interests of the federal and the provincial governments in the Agreement and the implication of the Agreement for the federal government of Canada. The paper discusses Canada's objectives in entering into the Free Trade Agreements with the United States. It argues that Canadian interests are not being served by the free trade agreements. Finally, the paper looks at the the Alberta Softwood Lumber Trade Council and its representation on Canadian interests.
From the Paper
"Clearly, the diverse range of the ASLTC's disagreements with the proposed agreement do not offer much room for compromise. In order to address these problems, it would seem that the entire agreement would have to be opened up and the U.S. government "forced" to accept a much longer term agreement (unlikely); that the rest of Canada should recognize Alberta's particular circumstances with a pest (unlikely); and that someone should refund the Alberta industry its $100 million in legal fees (unlikely). Clearly, this interest group reflect the general intransigence of single-issue interest groups. Moreover, the fact that it is not bothering to advocate directly to the federal government, but is instead using its influence on the provincial government of Alberta to get the province to lobby the federal government for changes reflects its narrow basis of support in one province and in one sector of a provincial industry (ASLTC)."
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The Canada-US Softwood Lumber Agreement of 2006, 2007.
This paper examines the 2006 softwood lumber agreement between the federal governments of Canada and the United States, which creates a medium-term solution for a long-running trade dispute between the two countries.
2,460 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the origin of the dispute between the federal governments of Canada and the United States is the belief of U.S. lumber companies that lumber in some Canadian provinces, such as British Columbia, is subsidized by the lumber coming from Crown lands where its cost is cheaper than if it came from private lands. The author points out that, although Canada disputes this view, it accepted the Canada-US Softwood Lumber Agreement of 2006, which cancels any legal actions and duties with regard to the softwood lumber issue, as a way of resolving the trade problem and returning billions of dollars the U.S. government has claimed in duties over the past five years. The paper relates that the public interest group, the Forest Products Association of Canada (FPAC) did not advocate one policy to government but attempted to work with the government to create a "unified" approach, which best reflects the diverse interests of its member companies.
From the Paper
"Canada had a number of objectives in entering into the free trade agreements with the United States. In general, these different objectives may be grouped under the one overriding priority of the Canadian government, which was to secure open and unthreatened long-term access to the large U.S. market for Canadian exporters. This was an important issue for the Canadian government as Canadian industries in the last decades of the 20th century were growing increasingly dependent upon the United States as their primary export market."
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The Canada-US Softwood Lumber Dispute, 2007.
An analysis of the terms and implications of the Canada-US Softwood Lumber agreement.
2,489 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the 1996 Canada-US Softwood Lumber agreement. It describes the terms of the agreement and the differing interests of the federal and provincial governments in the agreement. The paper then looks at the differing roles that the federal and provincial governments play in implementing the agreement. Next, the paper discusses Canada's objectives in entering into the two free trade agreements, the FTA and the NAFTA and discusses how the Softwood Lumber Agreement fits into these. Finally, the paper looks at the BC Lumber Trade Council and what it represents.
From the Paper
" The Council advocated to the provincial and federal governments on the basis of the lumber industry and the best interests of the forestry industry as well as of Canada. The Council advocated finding "a durable, long-term solution to the Canada-U.S. softwood lumber dispute and respect for the rules of trade under NAFTA" (BC Lumber Trade Council 1). The Council also upholds certain aspects of the 2006 Softwood Lumber Agreement along with the interests of the firms in the industry that the Council represents. Advocacy on the part of the Council includes using threats to the federal government. Such threats involve the potential for embarrassment on the international scale along with local disgrace in the event that the agreement is implemented without feedback and influence from the BC Lumber Trade Council. The strategies employed in the advocacy of related to the proposed softwood lumber agreement represent the intensity of feeling surrounding the issues in the dispute. The Council's advocacy measures also are influenced by the extreme significance of the softwood lumber agreement for the lumber industry in British Columbia. The BC Lumber Trade Council also has threatened to sabotage the agreement in the event that their demands are not realized."
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The 2006 Canadian-U.S.A. Softwood Lumber Agreement, 2007.
This paper discusses the Canadian-U.S.A. softwood lumber dispute, the 2006 agreement and the role of the public interest group, the British Columbia Lumber Trade Council.
3,250 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in the Canadian-U.S.A. softwood lumber dispute, Washington objected to the low Canadian lumber prices; whereas, the provinces of Canada saw their role as regulating lumbering so that the mainly Crown lands on which it takes place are maintained ecologically well. The author points out that the 2006 agreement removed the tariff on Canadian softwood, but also established export taxes that will kick into place should the price of lumber drop too low, thus preventing Canadian exporters from "dumping" or selling lumber in the United States at prices less than what goods cost to produce. The paper stresses that Canada like many Third World countries, is a raw material exporter, subjected to prices and rulings made elsewhere and with whole local or even national economies revolving around particular commodities and their related industries.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Canada's Objectives
The British Columbia Lumber Trade Council
Concluding Notes
From the Paper
"Critics said that there should be no duty paid by Canadian forestry companies, in the first place, that Americans either wanted to buy lumber that they could not produce in the United States to keep up with demand, or they did not. A Duke University expert on international economic law wrote that the 2005 negotiations that have gone before the present Softwood Lumber Agreement of 2006 involved Washington being made aware of having reacted too quickly to the earlier situation. Some Americans realized that they were on 'thin ice' in terms of the position taken against Canadian producers of lumber, by suddenly charging tariffs, in view of the NAFTA."
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Perspectives on Globalization, 2007.
An explanation and comparison of Jan Aart Scholte's article "What is Happening?" and John Tomlinson's article "Globalization and Culture".
941 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper compares two articles that address the issue of globalization - Jan Aart Scholte's article "What is Happening?" and John Tomlinson's article "Globalization and Culture." The paper analyzes each of the articles and discusses their contrasting style and scope. The paper concludes that while these two articles are very different in terms of the breadth of their scope, they are by no means contradictory.
From the Paper
"At first glance, these two definitions appear quite different - and this is no doubt because they are. However, it is important to note that they are not mutually exclusive. On the contrary, they can exist quite comfortably alongside each other, and may in fact be seen as complementary. The rise in global supraterritoriality that Scholte notes is echoed in the cultural sphere by the growing network of social interconnections and inter-dependences that Tomlinson focuses on. Again, the difference is that Scholte's focus is broad, while Tomlinson's is narrow."
"As we have seen, these two articles are very different in terms of the breadth of their scope. However, they are by no means contradictory. On the contrary, they complement each other rather well, and thus function well together as an introduction to globalization for the reader."
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Canada-US Softwood Lumber, 2007.
An analysis of the reasons for and implications of the 2006 Softwood Lumber agreement between the US and Canada.
2,447 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the 2006 Softwood Lumber agreement between the United States and Canada. It describes the reasons for the agreement and its implications. The paper also discusses the different interests of the Canadian federal and provincial governments in terms of this agreement and their role in implementing the agreement. It then analyzes Canada's objectives in entering into the two free trade agreements with the United States (the FTA and NAFTA) and how it relates to the Softwood Lumber agreement. Finally the paper looks at the BC Lumbar Trade Council and its role in supporting Canadian interests in the Canada-US softwood lumber dispute.
Table of Contents:
Overview of the Softwood Lumber Agreement
Free Trade Agreements
The BC Lumbar Trade Council
From the Paper
"In this analysis, the advocacy strategy of the BCLTC is not only audacious but is also reflective of the nature of the proposed softwood lumber agreement and the importance of this agreement's structure to the lumber industry in British Columbia. The fact that the organization is willing to go to the extreme step of implying that its members would scuttle the agreement if they do not get what they want in subsequent drafts is political brinkmanship of the highest order. While this power and strategy is unusual for most Canadian interest groups, it is reflective of the complex and long-running nature of this dispute in British Columbia, as well as of the provincial industry's desire for long term stability in its trade with the United States."
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Dependency Theory v. Modernization Theory, 2007.
A comparison of the modernization and dependency theories of under-development of third world countries.
1,824 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the modernization and dependency perspectives commonly raised when explaining third-world under-development. It assesses the strengths and weaknesses of each theoretical paradigm and aims to determine which of the two is more effective at illustrating why so much of the world continues to lag behind North America and Europe.
From the Paper
"As one might expect, this theory is highly controversial - with apparent weaknesses and strengths. After all, it has now been decades since the fall of "old-fashioned" colonialism and one would think that Global South nations would have finally developed institutional and economic innovations capable of sustaining them and capable also of pushing them forward. Moreover, the supposed technological transfer from developed to developing nations would surely seem like a phenomenon capable of rescuing developing countries from their relative poverty. Seen in that light, the dependency theory may seem like so much "excuse-making" for incompetent and/or corrupt national regimes."
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The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 2007.
This paper discusses the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between the U.S., Mexico and Canada and its impact on the U.S. job market.
2,075 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 17 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was designed to open up the Canadian, U.S. and Mexican borders to free trade; however, NAFTA's ratification and implementation over the last decade has not had uniform success. The author points out that, while many detractors of NAFTA had predicted that the U.S. economy would run at an overall trade deficit with both Canada and Mexico, they failed to observe that overall exports to these two markets would increase greatly as well. The paper also examines the impact of NAFTA on the U.S. job market and concludes that some of the apparatus within NAFTA's regulatory structure, which allows for negotiation and renegotiation, should be utilized to make adjustments for the economic impact NAFTA has had on the U.S. economy especially on job loss. The paper includes tables on job creation and loss and wage changes.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Positive Economic Impact of NAFTA
Negative Economic Impact of NAFTA
Future Trends
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One industry that has been in decline in the U.S. for many years has been the textile industry. NAFTA's detractors often, supported by the U.S. textile industry itself, belabored this point in arguments against ratification of NAFTA. Cook points out that although NAFTA led to expanded markets for the U.S. textile industry by: 1) the elimination of import duties into Mexico on U.S. produced yarns and cotton, and 2) by mandating that Mexican textile manufacturers actually utilize U.S. yarn and cotton in textiles that are exported to the U.S. and Canadian markets."
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Hong Kong and World War II, 2007.
A comparative analysis of three different articles relating to the 1941 attack of the Japanese army on Hong Kong and Japanese occupation till the end of the War in 1945.
3,226 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses, from different perspectives, the 1941 attack of the Japanese Imperial Army on Hong Kong and the brutal Japanese occupation there till the end of the War in 1945. It examines three scholarly articles that are seen to relate to the same broad topic of how events during World War II in Asia continue to shape thinking on Japan, more than 50 years later, in matters of power and strategy involving China, Japan, the U.S. and other influences. June Teufel Dreyer is introduced as an American follower of East Asian affairs and the author of an article on Japan and China that seems more American in scope than Asian. Richard J. Aldrich's study of British secret intelligence in Asia during World War II is then discussed in relation to Hong Kong. The third paper is by Kent Fedorowich on a British diplomat's view of Hong Kong before the colony fell to the Japanese.
Outline:
Introduction
On Sino-Japanese Rivalry
Allied Intelligence in World War II - Hong Kong
Hong Kong on the Eve of its Occupation
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
" When Hong Kong fell to the Japanese, civilians were interned and thousands of Indian, British and Canadian soldiers that had tried to defend the colony became prisoners of war, many of them dying of disease, starvation and general abuse. (CBC 1972) Consulting Greenhous's summary of the 2,000 Canadians defeated at Hong Kong's struggle against the Japanese showed the takeover as something that people in Hong Kong would remember for many years. (1997) The soldiers fought from December 8 to 18, 1941, the Imperial Japanese Army often killing the wounded just as they viciously attacked civilians. When the Japanese took control of the colony the people lived on tiny rations, the actual takeover as brutal as anywhere in Asia the Japanese conquered. The people of Hong Kong till the lapse of 1997 were used to seeing Communist China as a place of oppression and perhaps unwanted designs on the future of Hong Kong, but Japan stayed in mind as the greater enemy, and a potential new threat. "
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Nuclear Confrontation Between India and Pakistan, 2007.
An analysis of the implications for the area of the continuing threat of nuclear confrontation between India and Pakistan.
1,271 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the historical and ideological roots of the conflict between India and Pakistan and its contemporary nuclear manifestation. It discusses how this nuclear saber rattling, specifically over the continuing conflict in Kashmir, will continue to be a threat toward security for the region and how there is no likely resolution in the near future. It also analyzes the implications for the business community.
From the Paper
"Both India and Pakistan tested nuclear devices in May 1998 (Ganguly, 2002). This was a critical turning point in the political relations between Indian and Pakistan. Further it represents one of the most significant contemporary issues facing India. That the nuclear conflict is constructed on an historical conflict of control of the Kashmir region is only the background of the issue. Kashmir is a territory essentially caught in the middle of nuclear "saber rattling" (Oberoi, 2001). The real problem facing political stability in the region at this point is the proliferation of nuclear arms in both India and Pakistan. "
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Canada-US Softwood Lumber Agreement, 2007.
An analysis of the advantages and disadvantages to Canada of the Softwood Lumber Agreement between Canada and the United States.
1,553 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Softwood Lumber Agreement between Canada and the United States, which aims to resolve a longstanding trade dispute between Canada and the United States. It describes the advantages and disadvantages of the agreement, as well as the interests of the provincial and federal governments. The paper also discusses the history of the dispute and the role of the Quebec Forest Industry Council.
From the Paper
"This approach to lobbying the federal and provincial governments becomes understandable when we view other documents on the QFIC website, such as its statement of condemnation of the previous Liberal government in Ottawa in November 2005 for not doing enough to supply aid to the Quebec lumber industry. In this the QFIC reiterated to the federal government that the member companies of the organization were suffering under the current ongoing dispute, and that approximately US$1.2 billion in export duties charged by the United States government lay in the United States; money that the QFIC asserted was not only rightfully the money of the exporters, but that it also was desperately needed by many struggling companies in the industry in Quebec (QFIC). As an institutional interest group with a range of members, a collective memory and extensive resources (Stanbury and Moore 229), the QFIC represents a potent force in this particular area as may be seen in the Bloc Quebecois decision to support the minority federal government and insure passage of the agreement."
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National Security Affairs: Singapore, 2007.
An examination of the nation of Singapore and its international significance to the United States' national security.
848 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the nation of Singapore and provides information about its basic geography, exports, resources and imports. The paper also looks at the standard of living and general contentedness of Singaporeans. It then discusses whether or not tradition is valued in Singapore and how stable or unstable the national government is. Finally, the paper analyzes whether or not Singapore is "in line" with U.S. foreign policy - and how Singapore is important to the United States' foreign policy and national defense - and what general strengths and weaknesses it possesses. Ultimately, the paper illustrates how even the tiniest of nations can have major international significance.
From the Paper
"To close briefly, Singapore is an important country for America insofar as it is a wealthy and fairly influential member of ASEAN and because an enemy of the United States that gained power in Singapore would be geographically positioned to gain considerable power in the entire Southeast Asian region. In military terms, an enemy of America's that gained control in Singapore could threaten US naval and military installations in the Pacific - as well as the security of Australia, another strong ally upon which America has depended in the past. As a few final points, Singapore's proximity to China and to habitually-unstable Thailand is a very real weakness while the nation's greatest strength lies in its political stability and the fact that it is a prosperous land with strong business ties to the United States - as have a number of other Asian lands (Ramsay 2003)."
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