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African-American Grandmothers, 2007.
This paper compares the historic role of African-American grandmothers and their contemporary role as sole parent for their grandchildren.
1,675 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, under slavery and during the period afterward, older African-American women played active and respected roles in their communities as based on their African heritage, which venerated its elderly. The author points out that, in light of this history, it is not surprising that, in record numbers, African-American older women today are assuming the role of primary caregivers to their grandchildren due to social and addiction problems of the mothers of these grandchildren. The paper relates that the considerable stress of these women, who are permanently primary caregivers for their grandchildren, has resulted in their having many social, economic, physical and psychological problems.
From the Paper
"The number of grandmothers raising their grandchildren nearly doubled between 1970 and 2000--from 2.2 million to 4.5 million. During the 1990s, the biggest increase was among families with no parent present, usually because of social problems such as the mother's alcohol or drug abuse. Death from AIDS, long-term incarceration, and mental illness are other reasons. The trend has become a "dominant theme" for social work research, and the term skipped generation caregiver has come into use. Of all the children living with grandparents in the U.S., nearly 44% are African-American, a proportion that is six times greater than in white families."
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"The Slave Community", 2007.
A review of John Blassingame's book "The Slave Community".
1,680 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how John Blassingame's work "The Slave Community" provides a description and analysis of what life was like on the Southern plantations from the slaves' viewpoint. It discusses how Blassingame demonstrates that slaves were definitely active and not passive victims of the traumatic life they lived and how he demonstrates the importance of hearing about one's life directly from the person involved, rather than second-hand from those who already have biased opinions.
From the Paper
"Previous to The Slave Community, the experience and life of the African American slave was mostly seen through the eyes of the white Anglo-American. Scholars relied on information from the opposite point of view--the plantation. They looked at plantation records and the writings of nonacademic travelers who observed the relationship between the slaves and their owners. Through such one-sided reports concerning the psychological effects of being enslaved, historians began to portray slaves as very submissive and loyal to their owners or as continually rebellious and critical. Either, they had totally accepted and adjusted to the different norms and values of the white society or were completely dissatisfied with this life and fighting to break away from their masters. Ulrich B. Phillips, stated clearly in his books based on plantation records, that the ex-slaves' narratives were inauthentic and biased and did not give genuine testimony to what their lives were really like. "
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African-Americans and Education, 2007.
This paper discusses the progress, struggles and aspirations of African-Americans in education.
1,466 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper relates the history of education for African-Americans and explores problems relating to education legislation. The paper looks at present education issues and concerns for African-American students and examines statistics relating to their drop-out rates. The paper concludes that there has been progress, to a degree, in educational attainment of the aspirations of African-American students, although there are still barriers.
Outline:
Introduction
History of Education for African Americans
Noted Problems Relating to Education Legislation
Present Education Issues and Concerns for African-American Students
Statistics Relating to Drop-out Rates of African-Americans
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work of Allen and Jewell (2002) states that: "...the Black struggle for higher education is an apt metaphor for the larger Black struggles for citizenship, self-determination and personhood in this society." The historical account of the African American race in obtaining access to higher education in the United States is characterized by many ups and downs. The aspirations of the African American individual of attaining higher education have been historically unattained due to existing barriers to higher education of Black individuals."
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"Why Black Sexual Politics?", 2007.
A review of Patricia Hill Collins' essay "Why Black Sexual Politics?".
836 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how, in her essay, "Why Black Sexual Politics", Patricia Hill Colins analyzes portrayals of black sexuality in the white-dominated media and in a white-dominated culture. The paper discusses how Collins argues that black bodies and black sexuality have been appropriated and manipulated by the dominant culture to perpetuate cycles of oppression and how this oppression does not end with racism but extends through to gender-based oppression, heterosexism, and class inequities.
From the Paper
"Collins shows how and why black sexuality continues to be presented as deviant, as wild, animalistic, primitive, and savage. When racism was overt, black sexuality was directly associated with animal perversion. Racism has gone underground in a sense; racism is now color-blind but continues to dictate ways black sexuality is portrayed in the mainstream media. Collins uses Beyonce, Destiny's Child, and Jennifer Lopez of icons of the new black sexuality and therefore, of the new racism. These artists and others like them have profited from the myth of black sexuality, capitalizing ironically on the new racism. Black sexuality is, however, an "invented discourse," notes Collins (p. 28). White media moguls and politicians have invented and wielded the discourse to maintain a position of domination and authority in society."
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"Rush Hour 2", 2007.
A film review of "Rush Hour 2" focusing on its representation of African-Americans.
1,214 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the representations of African-Americans in the film, "Rush Hour 2", starring Jackie Chan and Christ Tucker. The paper suggests that rather than going against common racial stereotypes, the film instead seems to confirm or play into these negative assumptions about African-Americans. It analyzes specific aspects of the film and quotes film critics in its review of African-American representation.
From the Paper
"This film shows African-Americans in a way, despite the badge that Tucker carries, that is comfortable to American audience stereotypes, rather than in a way that challenges their cultural assumptions. The badge Tucker carries becomes an excuse for allowing a stereotypical depiction of a black man, just as the plot itself is merely an excuse for showing martial arts action sequences, and conventional comic routines that confirm stereotypes yet seem edgy because of the language that is used by Tucker's character. European audiences, reared on American cultural stereotypes, were equally, sadly, receptive to this depiction while uncomprehending Asian audiences merely waited for their beloved Jackie Chan's more culturally comprehensible next film."
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"Boyz N the Hood", 2007.
An analysis of the representation of African-American manhood in the film, "Boyz N the Hood"
1,290 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how "Boyz N the Hood" (1991) is a film that attempts to speak truth to power, and counteract some of the negative stereotypes of young black men in Hollywood films. It looks at how, instead of ignoring the plague of violence and hopelessness in the inner cities of America, the film takes these stereotypes on and attempts to render the difficulties and challenges of the African-American experience with dignity and hope.
From the Paper
"The title frame statistic also politicizes the representations of the characters in the film. These characters are not simply individuals enduring their own psychological turmoil rather the struggles the characters face are endemic to a larger social condition in America. It is often considered dismissive to say that someone is merely a statistic. But these young men are potentially statistics, the film suggests, and that is not a reduction of their plight, rather it is a claim for the film's relevance beyond its duration on a screen. The film is a call to action. Whether the characters go to college, care for their children, or end up in the gutter is not merely 'their' business, or an interesting plot twist, their lives and by extension black lives in the hood are something that is vitally important for all Americans, particularly black Americans to care about and change. "
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African-American History, 2007.
This paper studies African-American history as a tale of unrelenting dejection, struggle and misery.
3,029 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the lives of African-Americans after the Civil War. The writer discusses slave labor and the sharecropping system. The writer then discusses the Great Migration in the early 1930s when 1.5 to 2 million African-Americans left the South for industrial cities in the North. The writer studies the Negro-American revolution and black society of the time. The writer then examines how the Great Depression affected the African-American community. Finally, the writer discusses Martin Luther King and racial violence.
Outline:
The Sharecropping System
The Great Migration
New Negro Movement
The Great Depression and World War II
World War II
Non-Violence
From the Paper
"Slave labor was very important to Southern economy until the 18th century. The hierarchic social structure before the Civil War had the slaves at the bottom and the plantation owners at the top. White landowners, who were the minority, exploited the Black majority. This Black majority had to suffer constant humiliations in the process. The white landowners viewed the Blacks as inferior so as to justify slavery. So as to deliberately justify their underpayment, white landowners must treat or view them as less ambitious and content with a low life status. Whites enjoyed the benefits while Blacks suffered severe disadvantages. The Blacks had no political or legal entitlements or economic rights. Plantation life, especially in the lower South, was difficult and perilous. However, it attracted large numbers of slaves because it offered greater chances of establishing slave families and communities. They often worked under the task system. Under this system, a slave received a task each day and worked until the task was completed. When this happened, the rest of the day became the slave's own time. Each task was extremely hard but the slaves took it because he somewhat exercised some control over the work pace and the length of the work day. They worked in groups called gangs, headed by slave drivers, on crop rows, plowing, planting, cultivating or picking, depending on the season."
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Fannie Lou Hamer, 2007.
This paper discusses the life and achievements of Fannie Lou Hamer.
2,404 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at Fannie Lou Hamer, civil rights speaker and political activist who was a grass roots leader of the southern Civil Rights movement. The paper provides a biographical sketch about Hamer and explains that the differences between her and other prominent civil rights activists are based on the fact that Hamer was an ordinary person. The paper describes the violence, coercion and many trials Hamer faced as a poor, dark black woman with little education.
From the Paper
"One of the most striking figures associated with the civil rights movement is a black woman from rural Mississippi that left a lasting impression in the minds of the nation. This woman was an outspoken and vital asset to civil rights for blacks in the south and especially with regard to the right to vote and the right to representation. Fannie Lou Hamer, civil rights speaker and political activist was a grass roots leader of the southern civil rights movement, beginning her career as an activist by making a bold attempt to register to vote in a region of the United States where countless legal and social obstacles were placed in front of her, as she was black and she was a woman."
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Slavery and the Civil War, 2007.
An analysis of the relationship between slavery and the American Civil War.
985 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper contends that there is a direct relationship between the institution of slavery and the American Civil War and that slavery was one of many economic and political rifts that existed between the southern and northern states. It attempts to determine whether slavery was indeed a primary cause of the civil war or whether it was the failure of its legal protection by the central government that left the south vulnerable and the north at a disadvantage.
From the Paper
"When seeking a valid and holistic argument for the causes of the civil war one must look deeper and truly analyze the reasons why governments and people usually make changes, and they are rarely altruistic and progressive. Politics and economics are the usual impetuous for social change, and human rights and a better world are usually adjuncts to such issues. In the case of the reasons for the civil war, in short of seeming to simplistic the issue was not so much the condition of the slave, the institution of slavery but the economics of it. Though slavery is the commonly understood impetus for the war, it is not the only reason, as it should be viewed more along the lines of seeing slavery as one of many economic and political rifts that existed between the southern and northern states."
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Kate Chopin's "Desiree's Baby", 2007.
This paper analyzes the short story "Desiree's Baby" by Kate Chopin, specifically its ending.
1,425 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the core theme of Kate Chopin's short story "Desiree's Baby" is race and race relations. The author points out that the reader should be aware of the clues, sprinkled throughout this dark story, which reveal the real character of Armand and hint at the twisted ending. The paper relates that the clues in the story, from the dark, brooding house to the unhappy slaves to the stigma of a child, which appears to have black blood, are symbols of the racism rampant in the South before and after the Civil War. The paper includes many quotations.
From the Paper
"Chopin creates a chilling work that seems at first to be light and loving. The truth is that Armand blames the child's origins on Desiree, who cannot cope with the loss of his love and kills herself because of it. He is little more than a murderer because he hides the truth from everyone and lets Desiree bear the shame of carrying Negro blood, when it is really Armand himself who is the culprit. The story is horrifying and especially so because the ending is so shocking."
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Race and Hatred, 2007.
This paper analyzes the books "Race Matters" by Cornel West and "The Souls of Black Folk" by W.E.B. DuBois.
998 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper compares and contrasts the two works, "Race Matters" by Cornel West and "The Souls of Black Folk" by W.E.B. DuBois, focusing on the similarity of black experience nearly 100 years apart. The paper discusses the theme of hatred in these two works and looks at whether blacks and whites can learn more understanding and tolerance. The paper explains that Du Bois seems optimistic this can occur, but West, writing in modern times, is more convinced that nothing but hatred and misunderstanding will exist between blacks and whites for the foreseeable future.
From the Paper
"Hatred has marked the black experience in America since southern planters first imported slaves into the country. For many years, the whites hated and distrusted the blacks, and yet relied on them for their manual labor. Later, the hatred translates into distrust on both sides. Author W.E.B. Du Bois notes, "With other black boys the strife was not so fiercely sunny: their youth shrunk into tasteless sycophancy, or into silent hatred of the pale world about them and mocking distrust of everything white.""
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My Life as a Slave, 2007.
This paper tells the story of slavery in the U.S., based on a review of the literature, from the viewpoint of the narrator "Elisa Thompson", a runaway slave.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces "Elisa Thompson" who arrived in New York nearly two months ago, following his escape from a South Carolina slave plantation; he has been asked by local abolitionists to write the story of his life as a slave and of his travels through the Underground Railroad. The author creatively writes about Thompson's hypothetical life in the Old South including his family, religious practices, employment and the treatment of him and his brothers and sisters at the hands of their masters and mistresses. The paper includes information about the relationships of masters and mistresses with their slave, their procedures for maintaining order and discipline and the expectations of slaves in the Old South.
From the Paper
"Upon arriving in Charleston, we were released from our bonds in order for potential bidders to examine our bodies for physical fitness. During this humiliation, the bidder was allowed to feel our bodies, remove our clothing, and even to check for castration or sexual abuse. It was during one of these moments I escaped. As bidders began to argue with a young black next to me, many of the whites in the area leaped to stop an angry mob as the black slaves began to rebel against the humiliation. During the commotion, I walked slowly out of the small, shabby building, and began to make my way carefully through the fields to the outskirts."
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