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Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 60s, 2008.
A discussion on the US Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 60s.
941 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the US Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s - described by this author as the most important domestic social movement of the twentieth century. The writer then goes on to describe the ideas of Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson, and looks at how the Civil Rights Movement successfully adopted the ideas of these two American philosophers.
From the Paper
"The Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s was, arguably, the most important domestic social movement of the twentieth century; at the very least, it was the most important social phenomenon to grip America since the close of the Civil War. Under the skillful leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr., the movement became famous for civil disobedience or the non-violent resistance to laws that perpetuated racial inequality and segregation. Civil rights activists, with the blessing of Dr. King, organized peaceful demonstrations, boycotts, voter-registration drives, marches, strikes and simply refused to obey laws they saw as wrong and unjust. Of course, an approach of this sort requires extraordinary courage and brings with it many risks - but, at the same time, the Civil Rights Movement acquired a moral grandeur and authority that made it very formidable (Brunner, sec.2). The next few pages will argue that, by pursuing civil disobedience, the Civil Rights Movement captured the essence of Henry David Thoreau's understanding of the concept. At the same time, by speaking the truth about the American condition, and by embracing a non-conformist approach designed to uproot institutionalized bigotry in the United States, the Civil Rights Movement echoed some of the principles laid down by Ralph Waldo Emerson in his famous essay, "Self-Reliance". With that in mind, the following paper will describe the ideas of Thoreau and Emerson, the Civil Rights Movement, and how the Civil Rights Movement successfully adopted the ideas of these two American philosophers. In the end, the movement benefited greatly from following the intellectual example of Henry David Thoreau and from following the demand of Emerson that people act as non-conformists in the pursuit of a great cause."
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Mary Ann Shadd, 2008.
A look at the life and work of Mary Ann Shadd and her important place in North American history.
1,651 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The following paper looks at Mary Ann Shadd and assess her important place in North American (not merely Canadian or American) history. To wit, the ensuing several pages look at Shadd's prominent role as the first Black woman in North America to edit and publish a newspaper when she brought into existence the 'Provincial Freeman' in Windsor, Ontario, during the 1850s. Moreover, the paper looks at how Shadd vehemently rejected the strictures imposed upon her by virtue of being female and black and how she self-consciously carved out for herself a very public position on a wide array of issues. To determine what precisely it was that made Mary Ann Shadd so different from so many other women, the paper begins first by looking at her upbringing in a home wherein both her parents played integral roles in the early nineteenth-century Underground Railroad. Additionally, this paper explores her education and inquires into the role Quakerism played in shaping her vigorous intellect and her determination to use "common sense" - via the written word - to awaken revulsion against slavery and racial inequality. Finally, some time is devoted to looking at her many accomplishments as a publisher and as an educator.
From the Paper
"Shadd's work as an editor and publisher is only one small part of her contribution to history - both Canadian and American. In addition to her involvement in the newspaper industry, Shadd was also a teacher who, while not even in her 30s yet, organized a school for black children in Wilmington, Delaware - the same slave-holding state her family had fled from not so many years earlier. She also somehow found time to teach in New York City, West Chester, and Norristown, Pennsylvania. More significantly, Shadd opposed school segregation and, upon arriving in Windsor, Ontario, somehow scraped together the money from bemused parents to found a private school (with her at the head of course) that, ostensibly, rejected educational segregation. "
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Brown v. Board of Education (1954): Impact on USA, 2008.
An explanation of the "Brown v. Board of Education" case and its impact on American education.
1,963 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the case of Brown v. Board of Education (1954) that compelled school administrators and school districts to throw open their doors to African-American students after generations in which segregation had been the accepted norm in US education. This paper argues that "Brown v. Board of Education" was historic because it overturned the Supreme Court decisions of the past that had guided and legitimated segregationist education in America for decades.
From the Paper
"The case was significant, first and foremost, because it over-turned Supreme Court precedent. To be more precise, the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896 had upheld the public policy of the state of Louisiana to segregate African-Americans. Particularly, the Court said that Louisiana was fully justified in having separate facilities for African-Americans and for whites as long as though facilities were "equal". In the Court's considered opinion, the Fourteenth Amendment - a constitutional amendment demanding equal protection under the law for all citizens and one that also impels states to treat equally all citizens under their respective jurisdictions - was not violated by the Louisiana policy of dividing black from white. As the High Court chose to interpret the matter, to the extent African-Americans and their sympathizers saw segregation as a sinister plot to suggest the racial inferiority of African-Americans, such a suggestion or intimation only existed because African-Americans chose to put that construction upon the situation. Of course, as it turned out, the High Court was rather profoundly mistaken."
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The 1950s: A Decade of Peace?, 2008.
This paper provides an outline of the 1950's political and social climate.
1,182 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the political climate of the 1950s was shaped by the Cold War, the fear of Communism, economic changes seen in the rise of big business and the military-industrial complex and by the aftermath of the success of the U.S. in World War II. The paper looks at the Korean War that started the decade and the foundation for the Vietnam War that was set by the end of the decade. The paper also examines the social change and social turmoil, with the Civil Rights Movement's birth. The paper illustrates how this era was not one of absolute peace, although it is seen as peaceful when compared to the demonstrations and protests of the 1960s.
From the Paper
"A security crisis developed in the 1950s with the fear of communism and the certainty that subversives had infiltrated nearly every facet of American life. The McCarthy era, as it came to be known, was referred to by many as a witch-hunt. This was a political crisis that was used by Senator McCarthy as a way of elevating himself and boosting his career, but the mass hysteria of the time made it possible for him to do this and also caused others to be accomplices in accusing people of being subversives."
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Educating, Empowering and Mentoring Young Women, 2008.
A discussion about the empowerment of women to ensure equality in society.
2,092 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how women have struggled for equality in society, though have never truly achieved it. The author mentions various women who have risen to positions of power and achievement, such as Margaret Thatcher and Mother Teresa and provides a more detailed account of Rosa Parks, the black woman who became a globally known Civil Rights leader. She concludes her paper by suggesting that more changes be introduced into society to empower and educate more women to become leaders of tomorrow.
From the Paper
"Educating, empowering and mentoring young women for leadership tomorrow sounds as though it is an idea that we may speak about, but one that in reality is too complex to achieve. This is because throughout society women have struggled for equality, though never truly achieved it; women have gained advancements, but only marginally; and women have maintained roles of leadership, though in minimal numbers as compared to men. Traditionally, women are taught to be "sugar and spice and everything nice", while males are taught that they have power over all that they survey and that their mistakes can be attributed to "boys being boys", while women are constantly reminded of Eve and that apple. So it must be asked, "how do we overcome these societal views and create an environment that supports achievement of this vast undertaking?" We begin by reflecting on history..."
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African-American Women and Drug Trafficking, 2008.
This paper explores the relationship between African-American women and the selling of drugs.
1,180 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the observation that young African-American women have a higher proclivity to sell drugs than other races such as their young Caucasian counterparts. The paper examines studies that shows this relationship between at risk behaviors and young African-American women. The paper also looks at research that explores how early adolescence affects African-American women later in adulthood insofar as drug-related problems are concerned. The paper discusses a proposed study that will determine the degree to which poverty and economic related circumstances contribute to drug trafficking in a specific urban center among the young African-American female population.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
II. Literature Review
III. Methodology
From the Paper
"This research project is designed to identify the primary factors related to the high incidence rate of young African American women who commonly sell drugs or engage in drug trafficking activity in the nation's urban centers. The working hypothesis states that poverty and related economic factors directly impact the study populations' proclivity to engage in drug trafficking as an economic alternative. While this might seem criminally obvious, there are social and cultural implications related to the study outcomes which the criminal justice system must learn to accommodate for such as devising adequate drug treatment programs for repeat offenders that better assess and target the contributing behaviors (Laudet, Cleland, Magura, Vogel & Knight, 2004). "
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Harriet Beecher Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin", 2008.
Examines racism in Beecher Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin".
1,045 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, without question, there are many troubling characterizations of African Americans in Harriet Beecher Stowe's, "Uncle Tom's Cabin". For example, the paper notes, the most articulate and "sympathetic" African Americans in Stowe's book are light-skinned, which clearly suggests that lightness of skin and personal merit were correlated in the mind of the author. The paper then argues that, in spite of these characterizations, Beecher Stowe generally sought to portray African Americans in a way that emphasized their humanity and potentiality. Thus, the negative stereotypes in the novel are outweighed by the book's many strengths.
From the Paper
"Obviously, besides the characters highlighted above, other black individuals in Harriet Beecher Stowe's most enduring work need to be looked at carefully - although there is really only room for one. That "one" is Tom, the apparent "accomodationist" whom critics have perceived for generations as a weak-willed and subservient individual who sought to ingratiate himself with whites as opposed to acting as a forceful leader of the African-American cause in his community."
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Civil War and African Americans, 2008.
A discussion of the Civil War's impact on African-American soldiers.
709 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the Civil War greatly altered the lives of tens of thousands of African-American soldiers and their families because of President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and his related decision to authorize African Americans to serve in the Union Army. The paper shows how historic events inspired an overwhelming number of former slaves to enlist in order to fight against the Confederacy that had enslaved them and also earn military wages so they could support their families.
From the Paper
"In the second chapter of his book, Climbing Up To Glory, Wilbur Jenkins examines how and why initial Northern opposition to African-American participation in the Civil War was related to the respective treatment African-Americans received from the Union and Confederate governments during the fighting. African-Americans eagerly offered to fight for the Union as soon as the war broke out, but authorities in Washington D.C. rejected their offers for political reasons. (Jenkins 29-31)"
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"Mr. Local Custom Must Die", 2008.
A critical review of the article "Mr. Local Custom Must Die" by George McMillan.
1,030 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the article "Mr. Local Custom Must Die" that conveys the depth of frustration felt by the southern Black in 1960. The paper explains that although the desegregation of the army and the landmark 1954 Supreme Court decision "Brown vs. Board of Education" paved the way for future change, there was little of that change visible to a black man in the South in 1960.
Outline:
Introduction
The Setting for the Article
From the Paper
"As the author mentions, hopes had been raised in the past, only to be dashed by subsequent stonewalling by the aristocracy of the southern power structure.
"There had been two events in the recent history of the author which provided encouragement that the black family might come closer to equality with their white counterparts: the integration of the armed forces following the Second World War, and the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision."
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Discrimination in the Music Industry, 2008.
This paper discusses how white musicians receive credit for musical genres originally created by African Americans.
1,558 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the racism and discrimination that still appears to exist in the music industry in general and in the jazz and hip-hop world specifically. The paper gives examples of white musicians who have grown rich by performing African-American music without having the actual African-American artist involved in delivering it. The paper believes that society must give recognition to African-American musicians where it is due.
From the Paper
"One type of music, Jazz, has its roots in many different countries and cultures, however, the primary development of jazz occurred in the United States in the deep south within the African American culture. In the early days of jazz, there existed a "set of white Americans, who had identified jazz only with liberation from the social responsibilities of full citizenship" (Jones 188). "As a musical language of communication, jazz is the first indigenous American style to affect music in the rest of the World" (Morgan). Jazz music is prevalent in most major metropolitan cities such as New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City (Morgan)."
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Frederick Douglass and Booker T. Washington, 2008.
An analysis of the obstacles that Frederick Douglass and Booker T. Washington faced in receiving an education and a comparison of their approaches.
1,904 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the views on literacy and education of Frederick Douglass and Booker T. Washington. In particular, the paper discusses how each man got his education through tremendous effort and self-sacrifice as both were born in slavery. The paper also describes the early lives of Douglass and Washington and explains how they came to achieve their education despite the odds against them. In addition, the paper compares the approach of both men.
From the Paper
"At the time, 1872, when college level institutions which were willing to admit blacks were almost non-existent, this attitude was probably essential. Accommodation to racism and white supremacist attitudes in the deep South during this period was doubtlessly essential. Alabama was willing to allow Tuskegee Institute in large part because Washington and others associated with that school during that time were willing to accept the burdens and conditions that a white supremacist society would impose on blacks as the price for allowing them any college at all."
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Frederick Douglass, 2008.
An analysis of the relevance of Frederick Douglass' writings today.
3,310 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how Frederick Douglass was a former slave who went on to become a leading abolitionist. It discusses how his speeches and writings had great influence during his lifetime and how his concerns over the ability to think freely, the unified family, education, and other cultural concerns continue to have relevance in today's world.
Outline:
Admonitions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In part, Southern slave owners kept their slaves' minds captive by promoting their illiteracy. Individuals who are unable to read and write are also prone to what Harris, Kamhi, and Pollock (2001) refer to as "functional illiteracy," the inability to use certain resources that society provides for the convenience and for the success of its inhabitants (p. 6). While the slaves might not have had access to the technology that is used in the authors' example, they were kept from accessing the technology of their times, being limited to the physical labors and primarily unskilled household tasks to which their masters assigned them. Illiteracy also kept these slaves from participating in society and learning of things that might have freed them from slavery had they known about them. "
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