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"Deep South", 2006.
A discussion on "Deep South" written by Allison Davis.
1,831 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
The first part of this paper looks at Davis' arguments regarding the link between social class and education. The next part of the paper evaluates whether the author's arguments remain relevant, especially in light of other authors who continue to investigate the links between social class and education. In the conclusion, it argues that Davis' contributions to the field of multicultural education deserve greater recognition.
From the Paper
"In Children of Bondage, Davis also found that internalized values play a critical role in the educational aspirations of black children. Children from low-income families have seen first-hand how minimal their chances are to finish high school and college. The economic and social-mobility benefits of education therefore remain out of reach for many children from low-income families. Consequently, Davis concludes from interviews with teachers and educator administrators that due to these social circumstances, many low-income black youth learn not to value education."
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African-American Religion, 2007.
This paper describes the role of African-American churches in organizing the black community during the Civil Rights Movement.
2,351 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that African-American churches served as the foundation for the African-American struggle for civil rights during the 20th century. The author traces the history of the churches, focusing on their importance socially as well as spiritually to the community. The author is somewhat critical of mainstream Christianity and its exclusion of Blacks. The paper concludes by citing major Black religious figures in America and acknowledging that religion has impacted African-American history from a highly diverse set of directions.
From the Paper
"Still, the notion that the Christian Church has been a leading force in the movement towards social change for the African American has not gone unchallenged. Some have contended that the Christian Church as acted as an opiate for generations to the African American people. One critic stated, "Instead of cursing the white man, [blacks] shout at the Lord. Instead of kicking whitey, [blacks] kick over the pew." Those who believe that the African American Church acts as an opiate to the black sub-culture contend that it induces many individuals to appeal to God for social change, when, more realistically, they should be acting to bring about social change themselves; in other words, they believe that the church provides an outlet for black people's frustrations, so they can be directed away from actions that might elementally undermine the current radicalized American social system. Eventually, a scientific study conducted by Gary Marx in the 1960's attempted to find any correlation between the level of religious fervor of black Americans and their associated beliefs regarding the Civil Rights movement: "Specifically, Marx established that in his sample, the greater the subjective importance of religion to black respondents, and the more often they went to church, the less militant they were in support of the civil rights issues." Even more recent theorists have agreed with the assessment of the role of the African American Church in social activism; arguing that it is centrally a device for passivity and control."
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"The Promised Land", 2007.
A discussion on Nicholas Lemann's book, "The Promised Land: The Great Black Migration and How it Changed America".
2,800 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the thesis about migration and its effects in Nicholas Lemann's book "The Promised Land: The Great Black Migration and How it Changed America". It looks at how Lemann shores up his thesis, through the use of intertwined personal stories. It also evaluates the strength of Lemann's positions, especially those related to the ghetto's continuity and how the federal government could institute policies geared towards ending the problems associated with a permanent, ghetto-based black underclass. Additionally, the paper evaluates the implications of Lemann's findings in light of critical race theory and the sociology of minority group relations. Finally, the paper argues that, 15 years after its initial publication, Lemann's book and propositions remain relevant.
From the Paper
"The regrouping of this culture in the inner city therefore meant that many of the old problems were resurrected, and often intensified. As Uless Carter's later experiences show, black unemployment continued to be a problem in urban areas as well. The black migrant's dream of the promised land of economic opportunity therefore collided with the ugly reality of Chicago's south side. By the 1960s, the problem of joblessness had loomed large. Residents had to contend with slum housing conditions that had skyrocketing crime rates. Ruby Lee Haynes shows how black families struggled with dysfunction and welfare dependency. The racial crisis that loomed in the south had moved northward, and policymakers in Washington did not know how to handle or avert the crisis."
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"The Declining Significance of Race", 2007.
A review of the continued relevance of the issues related in "The Declining Significance of Race" by William Wilson.
2,144 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper examines "The Declining Significance of Race" by William Wilson. It evaluates which of Wilson's points remain relevant in examining race and class relations today. It then examines the book's weaknesses, such as the presentation of African-Americans as a monolithic culture. In the conclusion, the paper finds that Wilson's book remains an insightful starting point, however it also suggests that more studies remain to be done regarding how social stratification by race, gender and class continue to be relevant.
Table of Contents:
Wilson's Thesis
Sociology Of Minority Group Relations
From the Paper
"Additionally, recasting "minority group" in class-based terms opens new opportunities for addressing poverty. Instead of recycling race-based policies that benefit those who are already economically-secure, anti-poverty programs should look towards helping those who are economically-disadvantaged, regardless of their race. Wilson's suggestions included WPA-style work programs. To these suggestions, this paper also recommends daycare programs in poor neighborhoods, after-school and mentorship programs for older children and funding clinics for low-income urban residents. These combined programs would go a long way towards providing an economically-poor minority with resources to help them improve their life chances."
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African-American Songs, 2007.
An interpretation of the hidden meaning behind songs sung by African- American slaves.
2,586 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses songs sung by African-Americans during the time of slavery. It interprets the meanings behind the songs "Follow the Drinking Gourd", "Wade in the Water"," Hoe Emma Hoe", "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" and "Roll, Jordan, Roll". The paper concludes that some songs were used to communicate during the time of the underground railroad, while others were coded and allowed the slaves to talk to one another and voice their opinions about the way that they were being treated without being punished.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
"Follow the Drinking Gourd"
"Wade in the Water"
"Hoe Emma Hoe"
"Swing Low, Sweet Chariot"
"Roll, Jordan, Roll"
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to Greenway this particular song is actually a map for the local branch of the Underground Railroad which led slaves from Alabama and Mississippi into freedom in the North. According to the official website for the history of the Underground Railroad, the first line of the song, "When the sun comes back and the first quail calls" refers to winter and the southern migration of quail. The article explains that because most of the slaves coming from the south had to cross the Ohio River which was difficult to do most of the year, the leaders of the Underground Railroad found that it was easier to cross in winter. The winter crossing was easier because the river was frozen and people could walk across as opposed to having to swim."
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Ralph Ellison's "The Invisible Man", 2006.
This paper discusses Ralph Ellison's "The Invisible Man" and some of the critiques of this classic.
1,415 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Ralph Ellison's protagonist in his "The Invisible Man" is a young African-American male from the segregated South whose main goal is to overcome the invisibility of social responsibility in order to unite the black community. The author points out that many of the problems with which the narrator of "The Invisible Man" struggles still have not disappeared from the American culture. The paper relates that, while generally reviewing this book favorably, critics find it difficult to separate Ellison from the narrator because the book was written in the first person, making it somewhat confusing as to whether the narrator is feeling a particular way or if Ellison is feeling a certain way and projecting it onto the narrator.
From the Paper
"In the beginning of the book, this narrator finds himself expelled from the Southern Negro college that he was attending for accidentally showing one of the white trustees some of the reality of black life within the south, which included a whorehouse in a rural area and a farmer that was incestuous. The director of the college chastises him and tells him, "Why, the dumbest black bastard in the cotton patch knows that the only way to please a white man is to tell him a lie! What kind of an education are you getting around here?" Mystified by what has happened to him, the narrator decides to move up north, to New York City, where the truth that he perceives is again challenged. "
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'Our Kind of People', 2007.
This paper examines the book 'Our Kind of People' by Lawrence Otis Graham.
2,714 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that Lawrence Otis Graham's 'Our Kind of People' casts a probing eye on real-life Cosby families - the rarefied world of the African-American elite that the Cosby family alluded towards. The writer notes that through this account, Graham hopes to introduce and explain the emergence, the rules and the pride that many upper-class black Americans feel towards their own institutions. The writer points out that this paper looks at Graham's discussion of the black elite, at how the author constructed the parameters of being a member of the black elite. This paper then evaluates the validity of Graham's findings through the lens of conflict and critical race theory.
Outline:
Overview of Our Kind of People
Minority Group Relations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Graham strives to provide context for this chronicle by beginning with a chapter on the historical origins of the black elite. In the next chapters, the author illustrates the values of the members of this black upper crust through discussions regarding children's clubs, cotillions and coming-out parties. These chapters continue with accounts devoted to historically black institutions, such as colleges, fraternities and sororities and private schools."
"The most important chapters deal with membership in the exclusive clubs, a membership that starts in early childhood. It all begins with membership in Jack and Jill, an exclusive club for the children of affluent black parents. This paves the way for an individual to attend the right summer camps, private schools and, most importantly, the right colleges. Historically, this meant institutions such as Morehouse College, Spelman College and Howard University. Today, the "right colleges" refer to the Ivy League, an illustration of the similarities between the black and white elites."
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"Of Our Spiritual Strivings", 2007.
An interpretation of W.E.B Du Bois' essay "Of Our Spiritual Strivings" as an existentialist quest.
1,521 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses W.E.B Du Bois' essay "Of Our Spiritual Strivings." The paper describes the essay as an existential and intellectual examination of the place of the Negro in American society. In order to understand the essay, the paper briefly places it in its literary and sociological context. It then discusses the issues that are brought in the essay and concludes that Du Bois provides a clear and compelling account of the various aspects that comprise the central existential crisis that faced the black man in the early twentieth century.
From the Paper
"In conclusion this essay by Du Bois provides a clear and compelling account of the various aspects that comprise the central existential crisis that faced the Black man in the early Twentieth Century; and some would argue, still does today. What makes the essay so important is that it not only sketches the existential dilemma but also suggests a possible solution to this situation through tolerance and balance. This synthetic and holistic approach can also be seen in his views on education. "In the final analysis DuBois says that the Negro university must...expand toward the possession of all knowledge. It [must start] from a beginning of the history of the Negro in America and in Africa to interpret all history; [and ultimately]...interpret and understand the social development of all mankind in all ages." (McSwine B. L.)"
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Civil Disobedience, 2006.
A discussion on effective civil disobedience.
1,419 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the historical success of civil obedience in invoking change, offering Martin Luther King, Jr. and Mohandas Gandhi as examples. It explains that a strong and charismatic leader and commitment to peace are vital for effective change. The paper also explores why civil disobedience did not work in the case of the Jews in Nazi Germany.
From the Paper
"Both Gandhi and King served as leaders and role models and inspired others to follow their example. As skilled orators, both Gandhi and King spoke in public and addressed the concerns of their opponents reasonably and articulately. Gandhi and King had game plans: outlines for their goals and desired outcomes. The Jews had no such opportunity to organize. Although as Gandhi points out they lived as the untouchables of Europe and had been persecuted for centuries, the Jews had no prior impetus for practicing civil disobedience. When the Holocaust ensued, shock and fear paralyzed any attempts to organize a resistance movement. On the other hand, both in India and in the United States, public outcries provided a strong current of support for civil disobedience. "
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Pan-Africanism, 2007.
A discussion on black African philosophy and Pan-Africanism.
2,380 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Pan-Africanism is a philosophy or belief that African people have a common bond and share common objectives, aimed ultimately at unifying themselves on their own continent as a dignified race. It points out that the belief has pertained to all black Africans and their descendants in the African continent, including the non-Blacks, and later, those outside the continent. It explores their attempts at expressing a common African personality and coming together as a nation and as one race on their own continent, especially during the period between World War I and World War II.
Outline:
Introduction
Review of Literature
Method
Summary of Findings and Conclusion
From the Paper
"This source describes Pan-Africanism as a socio-political viewpoint and movement for the unification and uplifting of all Africans within the African Continent and outside or those in African diaspora into one global community. It was first conceived of by Henry Sylvester Williams to cover Africans in the Continent and then later broadened to include those throughout the world. Pan-Africanism started in the West Indies, not Africa, and was coined by Williams for his 1900 Pan-African Congress. The leading and largest pan-African movement in the world is the UNIA-ACL organization, founded by Marcus Garvey, an Afro-Jamaican, in Kingston, Jamaica in 1912. His advocacy spread to the United States, specifically to Harlem, New York where he set up his headquarters in 1914. It re-examines African history from a pro-African perspective rather than from a pro-European's and restores traditional African concepts and culture. Other pan-African organizations are Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association-African Communities League, Trans-Africa and the Internal Peoples Democratic Uhuru Movement. It is, however, criticized for ignoring or downplaying cultural and ethnic differences and socio-political circumstances among Black peoples worldwide."
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African-American Males, 2007.
An analysis of the incidence of affective disorders, incarceration and substance abuse among African-American males.
1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the correlation between affective disorders, substance abuse and involvement in the criminal justice system among African-American males. The paper discusses the incidence of incarceration, substance abuse and affective disorders individually and then it discusses patterns between the three issues.
Table of Contents:
High Incarceration Rates Among African Males
High Incidence Untreated Affective Disorders Depression/Anxiety
Mandated Sentences Equal Tougher Sentences on AM Males
Perception of Traumatic Events in Urban African Males
Part II - Drug Abuse and Crime Activity
From the Paper
"Most of these studies suggest that left untreated, affective disorders including those among African Americans worsen with time, and that higher rates of recidivism often result particularly when offenders are released and still must face various psychological stressors and disorders including depression or anxiety (Spencer, 1999). Given this information it seems logical that rehabilitation measures be adopted that help address psychological instability among prison populations. As yet however, there are no uniform regulations or laws that dictate or mandate rehabilitation for African Americans or other populations at risk for higher rates of affective disorders in prison. This suggests that these disorders will likely continue in the future."
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