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Gun Control, 2007.
This paper reviews the history and theories behind the restriction of gun sales to minorities and poor people.
3,220 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that, over the years, even though the approach might be slightly different and more subtle, especially in the southern states, there has been very little change in the overall outlook of the American bias toward the ownership of guns by the minorities and poor. The author points out that, even though gun control laws have restricted gun ownership to people who can afford a decent life-style, these laws have had no effect on decreasing crime and disallow poor citizens from protecting themselves with the use of a firearm when facing a criminal situation. The paper concludes by arguing that, because poor people most often live in high crime rates areas or areas where there is very little law protection, to gain a sense of personal security, the laws must be changed and markets must sell low-priced legal firearms.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Gun Control and the Poor
From the Paper
"Even though, the blacks had to face the brunt of the gun control and restriction laws; however, they were not the only recipients. Certain white people who did not fit the bill of the Americans also faced numerous laws where they were treated less worthy for the ownership of guns. A good example of this could be the Sullivan law passed in 1911 where the focus shifted to the Italian immigrants, astonishingly, within the first three year of the implementation of the Sullivan law, 70% of the total people arrested had Italian names and surnames. Even the media was very openly not supportive of the guns being issued to the Italian immigrants; the disapproval was posted both in the "New York Tribune" as well as the "New York Times"."
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Separation of Church and State, 2007.
This paper discusses the reason behind the separation of church and state and how it applies today.
1,124 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that by the state refraining from influencing the church, the moral principles of the people will be upheld. The paper examines the views of Thomas Jefferson and George Washington on the separation of church from state. The paper notes that the Founding Fathers did not mean for individuals within the ranks of state government to remain neutral, but instead intended that the national government should not enforce mandatory compliance to any religious belief or form of worship.
Outline:
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
Jefferson's 'Wall of Separation'
Separation of Church and State in the View of George Washington
Tolerance is the Call-word for Government in Religious Matters
Gross Violation of the Tolerance Principle
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work of Daniel L. Dreisbach entitled: "Origins and Dangers of the 'Wall of Separation' between Church and State" states that: "No metaphor in American letters has had a greater influence and law and policy than Thomas Jefferson's 'wall of separation between church and state." (2006) Furthermore, this figurative language has been affirmed by member of the judiciary evidenced in the assertion of U.S. Supreme Court Hugo L. Black in 1948 who writes that there was agreement among the justices that: "...the First Amendment's language, properly interpreted had erected a wall of separation between the Church and the State.""
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Medicare Part D, 2007.
This paper studies the US Medicare Part D program that provides insurance coverage for prescription drugs.
1,403 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in the past few decades, the reduction of available Medicare funds in the US has emerged as a significant concern for taxpayers, elderly individuals, and government agencies alike. The writer points out that as a result, Medicare has often been a target for reformers in the past few years; however, as the aging population increases, so does a greater sense of urgency. In response to this growing crisis, the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 created a new and complex universal prescription drug entitlement, called Medicare Part D. This paper analyzes the basic contents of the Medicare Part D legislation, including the role of private groups and the implications of the drug subsidy for the nursing practice.
Outline:
Introduction
Overview and Content of the Legislation
The Role of Private Groups in the Drug Subsidy
Nursing Implications of Medicare Part D
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The benefits of Catastrophic Coverage vary depending on income levels, and extra-help programs are available based on financial need. Medicare Part D has been considered a complex plan for seniors as a result of the manner in which it works and the gap in coverage. This is complex for seniors because research indicates that the majority of needed prescription drugs by seniors fall into the gap in coverage bracket. Therefore, the major criticism of the drug subsidy is that it only truly assist seniors that either do not need very many prescription drugs, or those that are considered catastrophic coverage insured's. As a result, the bulk of this population is left to deal with paying out-of-pocket expenses for prescription drugs. Additionally, the plan is complex for seniors because the true cost of the drug entitlement expansion is unknown, and estimates could be understating the real cost."
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Bankruptcy Fraud, 2007.
An analysis of the problems associated with bankruptcy fraud and recommendations of solutions.
4,102 words (approx. 16.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 110.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the problems involved with bankruptcy fraud, at the filing level and at the court trustee level. It then offers two solutions to these problems. The paper also includes a brief overview of how different countries deal with the issues involving personal debt and bankruptcy. Finally, the paper concludes with an ethical and reasonable recommendation based on an evaluation of the relevant research.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Overview of the Bankruptcy System and Attempts to Solve its Problems through Reforms
Federal Agencies
Solutions to Bankruptcy Fraud
Bankruptcy in Other Countries
Conclusion and Ethical Recommendations
From the Paper
"As an additional means of ensuring less fraud in the bankruptcy system, before hiring investigators and court trustees, these individuals should be subjected to thorough background checks before employment. In addition, the hiring personnel can verify that employers are validating information such as qualifications and work experience stated on resumes, as well as checking references. By hiring appropriately qualified employees, the criminal justice system and the bankruptcy courts will have taken one important step toward eliminating fraudulent and unethical financial filing practices. By implementing all of these recommendations, the future of the bankruptcy system and courts in the United States appears bright and will no doubt fall prey to another cycle of fraudulent bankruptcy filings."
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Sexual Harassment, 2007.
An analysis of legislation associated with the prevention of sexual harassment in the workplace and institutions of education.
1,981 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This discussion investigates the laws associated with sexual harassment in the workplace and institutions of education. It describes the legislation that is in place to prohibit sexual harassment in the workplace and to punish those who engage in such harassment despite the fact that it is prohibited. It also discusses the prevalence and impact of sexual harassment.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Laws Associated With Sexual Harassment
Prevalence
The Impact of Sexual Harassment
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The research as it relates to the impact of sexual harassment seems to assert that victims are often afraid to report harassment because the severity of sexual harassment has been minimalized within society and the organization. The author also points out that sexual harassment can trigger other memories of abuse and have a deep psychological effect on the victim. In addition the research indicates that victims are often forced to interact with victimizers and work in an environment that is hostile. The impact of sexual harassment can also be seen in whether or not victims choose to report the crime or not. Overall it is evident that victims of sexual harassment endure a great deal as a result of the harassment and the processes that may follow the reporting of such harassment."
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Child Abuse and Adult Criminal Behavior, 2007.
This paper discusses the relationship between child abuse and neglect, juvenile delinquency and adult violent criminal behavior.
10,990 words (approx. 44.0 pages), 84 sources, MLA, $ 217.95
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Abstract
The focus of this research review is the relationship that exists between child abuse and neglect and juvenile delinquency and adult violence or criminality. This work reviews relevant, reliable, and peer-reviewed literature in this subject area and states findings about prevention methods that target early identification and intervention of those who are predisposed to juvenile or adult violence or criminality due to childhood abuse. The review of literature reveals that a community-based effort that is collaborative in nature and that integrates the many levels of the community into a dynamic process of intervention and prevention is one most likely to succeed. Recommendations of this study include the recommendation that further and deeper research effort be applied toward the establishment of a knowledge base that has the potential to contribute to development of appropriate treatment and interventions. This work makes recommendations for a restructuring of the community-based service provisions for families with domestic violence and child abuse issues. This program implementation would be on a community-wide basis with the central heart of the operation being a community transition and transformation services home center that worked in a close and collaborative relationship with all other service agencies in the community in bringing about a community-based transformation in the lives of families and individuals throughout the community.
Outline:
Abstract
Objective
Introduction
Significance of the Study
Methodology
Literature Review
Summary of the Literature Reviewed
Findings of the Study
Recommendations for Future Research
From the Paper
"The woman who has been beaten may withdraw from the family, which often results in child neglect, and the stress associated with domestic violence may cause women who are at risk for violence to resort to violence. It is also held by researchers that some abused women, in an effort to protect them from the batterer punish the children too harshly. Children who have not experienced physical abuse may still become traumatized over having witnessed domestic violence. Furthermore, children often imitate the behavior they observe and victimize other children while alternatively they may adopt the role of the victim and become withdrawn. Finally the child witnessing domestic abuse or being abused, neglected or victimized may developmentally fail to acquire the ability to control their temper or expression themselves emotionally."
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Classification of Law, 2007.
This paper looks at ways in which law may be categorized.
1,474 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that law can be classified in different ways. The writer notes that such classification is a useful exercise in learning and for obtaining an overview of the subject as it helps one to break up a large topic into manageable proportions. However, the writer points out that it must be remembered that the classification of law is an arbitrary exercise and there is no absolute or "right way" of categorizing law. In this paper, some of the ways in which law can be categorized are discussed.
Outline:
Civil Law and Criminal Law
Classification by Subject
Classification by Scope
Classification by Origins of Law
Procedural Law vs. Substantive Law
References
From the Paper
"Perhaps the simplest way to classify law is to divide it in two broad categories: civil law and criminal law. In such a classification, one can assume that civil law is all law other than criminal law. Hence in this type of grouping, all laws other than criminal law such as property law, contract law, tort, commercial, and administrative law fall under the broad heading of civil law and are dealt with by the civil courts. As opposed to this, criminal law is dealt with by criminal courts."
"Such categorization of law is useful because it highlights the differences between civil and criminal law, which are important to understand the intricacies of legal systems of countries such as the United States."
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Death Penalty, 2007.
This paper discusses the controversial subject of capital punishment and looks at whether the death penalty serves as a deterrent.
2,827 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that although polls must be seen only as a reflection, it is clear that Americans see death as a justifiable punishment for the worst sorts of criminal homicides. As a result, the writer notes that the controversy of whether or not this is a deterrent against crime rages on and on. The writer points out that opponents continue to conduct studies to prove that one crime does not make up for another, while proponents continue to conduct studies to justify their belief system. Following a review of relevant literature the writer concludes that there is no consistency among the studies that are done to determine the impact of the death penalty.
From the Paper
"Mendes and McDonald thus argued that the empirical ambiguity with respect to sentence severity arises because sometimes the empirical formulation of deterrence theory fails to keep the theoretical package intact. Especially, statistical models that isolate the components through the use of separate, additive elements do not account for the expected cost calculation as specified in the theory. Sentence length does not work apart from the probability of arrest and conviction. Instead, the three elements work together."
"Neither certainty nor severity of punishment can substitute for the other...any deterrent impact of certainty depends on the level of severity. Most likely, severity by itself cannot replace certainty, but the opposite is equally true. Models that do not reflect the combination of all deterrence elements fail to translate the theory and are likely to fall short of finding a significant effect for all of the components."
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Due Process of Law, 2007.
This paper discusses and explains the term due process of law.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses due process of the law, which is a term that has been used for many years. The writer notes that the general principle of this term is that everyone is entitled to a day in court when he or she has been accused or charged with a violation of the law. In addition, the due process of law mandates the belief that each person's case should be fully explored and heard before any judgment is rendered with regard to that case. The writer explains that the due process of law protects people from being deprived of their life, liberty or property as well as any rights that have been given to them by legislation or statute. The writer concludes that with illegal immigration being a hot topic throughout the nation it is important to understand how due process and equal protection of the law impacts those immigrants.
Outline:
Equal Protection of the Law
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This is interesting because for many years after the development of the constitution, African Americans were not treated equally. When they finally one the right to vote, their vote only counted as two thirds of a whole vote and they were allowed to be forced to sit at the back of the buses, and sent to Black only schools and other places that were designed specifically for that race. When it came to the law they were also discriminated against as they were treated differently in courts and jails and not afforded the same right to jury trials as their white counterparts were."
"Eventually this was challenged enough times that law makers made it clear all people meant all people, not just whites, or men or a certain economic group. It meant each and every person is to be afforded the same protection by the same laws."
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Family Limited Partnership, 2007.
An analysis of the pitfalls and usefulness of transfer of assets to a family limited partnership.
5,079 words (approx. 20.3 pages), 22 sources, MLA, $ 127.95
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Abstract
Effective financial planning for many professionals and other affluent taxpayers today requires a thorough understanding of what business forms are available and which are most appropriate for families. These alternatives might include trusts, private foundations, gift programs and family limited partnerships. To this end, this paper provides a review of the relevant literature to determine when a family limited partnership is appropriate. It analyzes the pertinent laws including an examination of the Internal Revenue Code, regulations, case law and other rulings and matters that are relevant to a family limited partnership in general and tax planning in particular. A summary of the research and salient findings are presented in the conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Analysis
Analysis and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"While laws vary from state to state, many states treat a limited partner's creditor the same as an assignee that therefore has no vote in the partnership and no interest in its management or assets. Consequently, these creditors are only entitled to receive the distributions to which the debtor-partner would be entitled (up to the amount of the debt); however, even in these cases, the partnership agreement can provide that the general partner must reinvest partnership distributions in the partnership for "reasonable business needs" (Dedon, 1991, p. 61). Therefore, these types of creditors may be forced to wait for their distributions while continuing to report and pay income tax on money that has not been received; likewise, creditors of limited partnership general partners do not have any rights to partnership property to satisfy their claims against the general partners (Dedon, 1991). "
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Justice in Peru, 2007.
An overview and criticism of Peru's justice system.
12,311 words (approx. 49.2 pages), 24 sources, MLA, $ 237.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the overall justice system in Peru in order to understand the history of the Peruvian society's justice system as it relates to its current status. The paper also attempts to correlate Peru's justice system with the Peruvian governmental, military and religious systems, as well as analyze the problems in the justice system and research possible and/or proven solutions. Additionally, the paper hypothesizes that the Peruvian justice system is really in a chaotic state and both the government and the military system of Peru were the cause of the disorder. However, with the current initiatives of political reform coupled with the continuing efforts of the Catholic and other evangelical churches, the justice system in Peru will likely soon be experiencing dramatic, positive change.
Outline
Chapter 1. Introduction
Chapter 2. Historiography
Chapter 3. The Call for Reform
Chapter 4. Justice in Peru: A Reflection of the Country's Government
Chapter 5. Conclusion
From the Paper
"Peruvian policing has an unpromising history. Policing was militarized under military government from 1968 to 1980. Through the 1980s and 1990s the police confronted Peru's brutal Maoist Shining Path guerrilla movement (Sendero Luminoso) and another smaller guerrilla group (MRTA). For much of this period, the police were under direct military command in emergency zones that covered nearly half the country for over a decade. Both the police and military were responsible for methodical and egregious human rights violations (Mawby 1999). Police were also themselves victims of acts of terrorist violence, and continue to hold views overwhelmingly shaped by the counterterrorist experience, including a tendency to associate human rights with guerrillas and communists. "
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Fraud: Tyco, 2007.
This paper examines the fraud fiasco at Tyco International Ltd.
2,139 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the 21st century saw the frauds committed by executives of Enron, WorldCom and Tyco. The writer points out that these frauds concern not a pitiful few thousand dollars in change but the betrayal of public trust, amounting to theft of billions of dollars over a period of several years. This paper focuses on the Tyco fiasco and examines it in detail. The writer discusses the actions of the three Tyco executives concerned and maintains that their downfall is their own doing and that they will spend most of their twilight years in prison with history books judging them as thieves and con artists of the grandest scale. The writer then concludes that these same individuals have ultimately contributed to the betterment of corporate social responsibility, corporate governance and fiscal responsibility because better and stricter regulations have been implemented to prevent re-occurrence of their actions not only at Tyco but other corporations as well.
Outline:
The Reckoning
Perpetrators and Discoveries
How Could It Have Been Detected Earlier
The Red Flags
Lack of Controls?
End Game
From the Paper
"In the contemporary setting, the men whom the gods wish to destroy are the icons of American industry that supposedly brought myriad riches to the coffers of various American corporations. But these industry and finance magnates forgot they are mere mortal, men of flesh and blood whose mortality is guaranteed. Yet for the power given to them, they felt they are demi-gods or gods themselves that could rule and conquer the corporations they supposedly lead. The beginning of the century saw the downfall of these gods of American corporations and the gods indeed deprived them of their senses - that of the sense of propriety, decency and humanity. Hence, the 21st century saw the frauds committed by executives of Enron, WorldCom and Tyco."
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