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Instructional Technology, 2008.
A look at the use of human patient simulators for training nurses.
1,002 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how human patient simulators (HPSs) have been used in teaching students the fundamentals of pathophysiology, pharmacology and acute incident management, initially by medical schools for more than two decades and how they have only been introduced and utilized by nursing undergraduate and graduate education schools for less than a decade. The human patient simulator (HPS) by Medical Education Technologies, Inc. (METI) is utilized in this discussion.
Outline:
Hardware, Software and Faculty Support
Technology Competency Skills Required
From the Paper
"The scenario editor possesses more than 70 pre-scripted event scenarios that allow the instructor to create different situations that occur over the course of treatment of the "patient." Like the patient editor, it allows for tailoring of a standard scenario template to accomplish specific learning objectives or the creation of a custom scenario. Finally, a data recorder creates a precise record of patient interventions done by a specific user at a specific time index, which can be stored or printed for evaluation purposes. "
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Mother to Child Transmission of AIDS in Africa, 2008.
A research proposal to look into the transmission of AIDS from mothers to their babies.
796 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper is a research proposal on the topic of mother to child transmission (MTCT) of AIDS in Africa. It includes information regarding effective ways to prevent MTCT, and highlights the sad truth that these methods are under-utilized, and that women in Africa are often powerless to protect themselves from and their unborn children from the virus.
Outline:
Background/Rationale
Objectives
Methodology
Expected Outcomes
From the Paper
"In addition, AIDS in Africa is mainly heterosexually transmitted, and is more associated with poverty than with any particular sexual preference. Experts speculate that this may be partly due to the fact that poverty in Africa is all too often accompanied by untreated sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs). These STDs can lead to lesions in the genital region, and the lesions allow for easier transmission of the HIV virus. Because AIDS in Africa is about poverty, it should be addressed with social programs. And as social programs should be based on sound research, the more research that is done on this topic, the better (Barnett and Whiteside, 2002)."
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Ethics and Dilemmas of Patient Care, 2008.
A case study illustrating the lack of basic care afforded patients and what nurses must do as advocates for their patients.
1,584 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a nursing situation that demonstrates the role and responsibility of nurses as advocates of patient safety and quality of care. The paper discusses the issues raised in this particular situation such as lack of time for nurses to offer even basic care to their patients, harm caused to patients because of not getting basic care, the patient's and family's right to know, how the truth should be told, and the problems connected with whistle-blowing. The paper then looks at possible options and resolutions for dealing with the issues.
Outline:
Introduction
Core Issues in the Situation
Potential Options
Analysis of Each Option
Theoretically Defensible Position
What Made the Situation Challenging?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"refers to adhering to high moral principles or professional standards.
In this series on the heart of nursing, the role of integrity in nursing practice merits a mention. Every year, market researchers conduct a poll in various countries to find out how the population surveyed rate a range of professions and occupations in relation to honesty and ethical standards. In Australia, the UK and the United States, nurses are frequently ranked number one, or pretty close to it. In the US, nurses have been ranked top for 'honesty and integrity' every year since 1999, except 2001, when they were ranked second.
"Being honest is at the heart of our work. That is why the charge nurse is still upset about the part he played in Meg's care, and why nurses often go home troubled because they have not, in their own eyes, been able to maintain integrity in their practice."
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Workshop: Jean Watson's Theory, 2008.
Presents a proposed nursing workshop to instill Jean Watson's theory of human caring and transpersonal care.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the overall goal of the nursing education workshop presented by the paper is to present the core concepts of Jean Watson's theory of human caring and transpersonal care through reflections on clinical practice, interpersonal experience, and past educational experiences. The paper then discusses the particular overall objectives of the workshop as well as the methodology for evaluating the workshop. Lastly, the paper describes a survey that will be used in the survey.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Overall Goal for the Workshop
Overall Objectives for this Workshop
Methodology to Evaluate Workshop Training
End of Course Survey
From the Paper
"Banning (2005), in a qualitative study, found that the different levels of evidence were utilized according to their appreciation of them, suggesting that prior training in the use of these resources for continuing education can influence nurses' perceptions of and appreciation for evidence-based practice. Multiple sources of support in health care organizations from management by promoting a culture of receptivity to change and encouragement of this practice can empower nurses to shift towards more confident implementation of evidence-based practice."
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Nursing and Ethical Considerations, 2008.
This paper discusses roles, ethical considerations and the effectiveness of the acute care nurse practitioner and clinical nurse specialist.
1,425 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer addresses three important themes for the acute care nurse practitioner (ACNP) and the clinical nurse specialist (CNS): ethical principles and ethical issues in patient care, professional resources available to help the ACNP, research highlighting the effectiveness of the ACNP and CNS in acute care. The writer also covers five ethical principles that guide the ACNP/CNS in their practice and notes that the move to procedure-based medicine requires the nurse to make more serious life-or-death decisions for the patient than in the past. The writer concludes that whereas the primary burden of patient care decision-making was placed on the physician in the past, the nurse must now weigh various ethical imperatives in order to make the right decision for the patient at the time.
Outline:
Introduction
Ethical Principles for the ACNP and CNS
Nonmaleficence
Utilitarianism
Justice
Fidelity
Veracity
Autonomy
Ethical Issues in Patient Care: Advance Directives
Ethical Issue in Patient Care: Clashing Ethical Requirements
Professional Resources
ACNP/CNS Effectiveness in Acute Care
Patients Spend Less Time in the Hospital
ACPN/CNS' Have Been Given Greater Responsibility
Increasing Cost Pressures Require Greater Nurse Participation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The legal aspects of patient treatment have come to the fore, but should not be regarded as equivalent to ethics issues. Much of what happens in the privacy of the intensive-care suite, the hospice or the general floors happens outside the purview of the medico-legal profession.
"Nurses make decisions today about patient care that they have not had to make in the past. Part of the reason for this is that hospitalized patients, on average, are sicker than they were in the past (mainly due to the shortened stay periods) and the need of physicians to leverage their care decisions with better-educated specialist nurses."
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Drug Addiction, 2008.
Looks at theories of drug addiction, particularly crack cocaine addiction.
1,560 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explores biological and learning theories to gain an understanding of addiction especially crack cocaine addiction. The author investigates biological models, which refer to the genetics of behavior and neurons and hormones that make some people much more prone than others to crack cocaine addiction. The paper also discusses learning theories, which focus on how persons learn to think and behave in particular ways. The paper further relates that these learning theories consider environmental, ritualized conditioning that depends upon a group or social framework, which can make an individual more susceptible to addiction. The paper concludes that it is important to see a phenomenon from more than one theoretical position.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Biological Theories and Drug Addiction
Learning Perspectives
Discussion
Concluding Note
From the Paper
"In some patients of the kind, where the brain's dopamine levels are lower than average, or dopamine is very sensitive to fluctuation, the person sometimes trying to raise his or her spirits by way of alcohol, most often, or marijuana or the cocaine that often proves very dangerous. Crack cocaine immediately affects the brain's dopamine processes so that the user soon feels extremely produced, longing for a new dose of the drug that is known to produce a feeling or normality and in some, euphoria."
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Trauma and Disasters, 2008.
This paper discusses post traumatic stress disorder, focusing on children and disasters.
1,244 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that disasters in modern society have traumatized a great many people. The writer explains that one of the great difficulties of such disasters is the recurrence of the severe, debilitating, and sustained condition known as post-traumatic stress disorder. The writer also points out that however grim the scenario is of studying the lives of the people who have suffered through traumatic events, such studies are extremely important because they allow us to gauge the effects of disasters and the effects of efforts to assist the victims of those disasters. The writer concludes that although it is a tragedy that children have their lives destroyed in events such as hurricanes, floods and the like, out of these disasters have come studies on post-traumatic stress disorder in children. It is a small ray of light in an otherwise dark experience.
From the Paper
"One of the prime problems with post-traumatic stress disorder is that it often manifests itself long after the actual event. While post-traumatic stress disorder is relatively common after major crises, it is hardly universal. Given the fact that resources for addressing severe cases of post-traumatic stress disorder are in short supply, particularly in the wake of a major disaster, it is critical to determine who has suffered major trauma and who has not. However, there have been remarkably few studies examining how to diagnose post-traumatic stress disorder among children. There are also several critical questions about post-traumatic stress disorder among children. Much is known about post-traumatic stress disorder in adults, but we do not know what factors carry over to children also."
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Nursing Decisions, 2008.
An examination of nursing actions and the ethical principles and standards of practice that govern them.
1,770 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of situations resulting from nurses' decisions. More specifically, the paper describes and analyzes a situation involving a nurse and a patient from the viewpoint of each of the relevant shareholders. Ethical principles and standards of practice are then discussed in relation to the situation described and it is argued that not only can the nurse's actions not be defended but they demonstrate her potential for harm to all patients.
Outline:
The Nurse's Actions
Jacob as Stakeholder and Informed Consent
Other Stakeholders
Accountability
Respect for the Client
Justice
Fidelity
Principle of Respect for Autonomy
Applicable Legislation
Theoretically Defensible Decision
The Situation as Challenge
From the Paper
"The CNA (2002) maintains that autonomy or self-determination refers to an individual's right to make choices about her or his own course of action. Nurses respect and promote the autonomy of clients by respecting their choices and informed decisions. According to Beauchamp and Childress (2001), every person has personal autonomy or self-rule that is free from any controlling interference by other people as well as being free from limitations such as lack of understanding. In order to have autonomy, there must be freedom from any type of influences and agency which refers to the capacity for intentional action. A person such as Jacob has to be free to make choices and not have those choices negated by a nurse who imposes her own values and assumptions on the situation. "
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Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, 2008.
An analysis of the significance of the lack of research into drug treatment for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
2,210 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 22 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the lack of research that exists with respect to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its treatment. It particularly discusses the research available with regard to drug treatment for the disorder. The paper discusses some of the issues related to ADHD, the research that is available and the areas that have not been clearly researched or are lacking definitive answers. The paper also discusses the significance of the lack of research and why more research needs to be done into this area.
From the Paper
"In closing, the last several pages have clearly shown that ADHD is a problem for which there are, as of yet, few definitive answers. This is significant because we are, in effect, plying children with drugs even as we have yet to determine which ones are best for which elements of ADHD - or if any one of the drug products now on the market really work at all in overcoming all of the symptoms that make Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder such a complex and frustrating thing to treat. When time is taken to review the literature, it is fairly clear that we should be retreating from our heavy reliance upon drugs in this matter until we can develop products capable of addressing all of the facets of ADHD and not merely one item or the next. Further, it would also help if we could arrive at some consensus about which drugs really work for which symptoms. In the end, much more work remains to be done."
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Advanced Practice Nurses: Defending Their Role, 2008.
This paper looks at collective action for advanced practice nurses (APN)today.
1,040 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the reasons for advanced practice nurses' (APN) increasing power in the workplace. The paper looks at their response to collective action and the outlook for collective action in the future within the universe of APN professions. The paper also discusses how at a time when the number of skilled nurses is not keeping pace with demand, it's a good time for nurses to bargain with increasingly powerful insurance, physicians and hospital institutions.
From the Paper
"The APN mirrors the physician population in its trends towards specialization, which accelerated in the 1990's years (as cited by Brown, 1996, p.1). As APN's took on increasing responsibility and health care systems pushed primary care responsibilities to nurses, the need for nurses has increased. At the same time, the low number of nursing graduates has crimped supply. The result is a high number of jobs available for qualified APN's (as cited by Nevidjon and Erickson, 2001, p.1)"
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The Drug Xanax, 2008.
A look at the drugs Xanax and Xanax XR (extended release), brand names of a tranquilizer produced and marketed by Pharmacia & Upjohn, whose generic name is alprazolam.
1,075 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the historical background of Xanax. The paper first describes Xanax's mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and pharmacotherapy. The author then presents alternative forms of therapy, which can be used in conjunction with or instead of Xanax. The author concludes that, while newer generations of therapy and drugs have emerged to treat these problems, Xanax still plays an important role in longer-term reduction of anxiety.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Historical Background
Mechanisms of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacotherapy
Complimentary Therapies
Alternative Therapies
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Xanax belongs to the family of benzodiazepines. These compounds increase the level of GABA (Gamma Amino Butyric Acid), which is a neuroinhibitor. The increased GABA production results in the inhibition of anxiety-producing substances.. GABA is secreted by neurons, and is present in many of the nerve endings of neurons in the brain. GABA inhibits presynaptic transmission in the central nervous system and the retina."
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Disorders of Sleep, 2008.
This paper looks at sleep disorders discussing infant and adolescent polysomnography.
854 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
The writer of this article notes that in order to understand the pathogenesis of sleep disorders, the normal sleep cycle must be understood in a neuro-physiologic context. The writer points out that sleep disorders such as insomnia can be especially distressful in children and adolescents. The writer discusses that aside from the normal developmental circadian adaptations and drift of the sleep-wake cycle in these individuals, secondary causes can inhibit initiation or maintenance of sleep, particularly chronic diseases and mental disorders. While most causes are self-limited and treatment conservative, more elaborate diagnostic and therapeutic interventions may be warranted. The writer concludes that the role of the polysomnography technician is to ascertain the cause of the disorder as well as justify the need for sleep studies while providing useful input for the health care team.
From the Paper
"Sleep disorders can arise from several causes that disrupt the normal sleep cycle in spite of its seemingly grounded cyclic variation in physiology. It can be disrupted when the number of hours required for the individual were not met or were met but with frequent wakeful states in between (sleep fragmentation). The cause must be ascertained first by the technician through a perusal of the patient's history and physical examination with particular emphasis on past and present sleep patterns, aggravating or relieving factors, medications taken, co-morbid diseases, psychiatric co-morbidities such as depression, among others. A polysomnography may be warranted when sleep hygiene strategies fail or an apparent cause is not apparent."
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