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Technology Tradeoffs: The Two Sides of Innovation, 2008.
A discussion of the pros and cons of some medical and technological innovations.
848 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses a number of the positive and negative effects of some medical discoveries and technological inventions. The author points out the controversies that have arisen around the innovations that are described. The author concludes that it is necessary to be aware of the problems and risks as well as of the advantages that accompany innovative science and technology.
From the Paper
"In a short decade, the Internet has transformed the world. Evolving global communication goes hand-in-hand with the growth and complexity of technology. As new innovations are continually being invented, improved and integrated with other products, they are enabling new modes of interaction. Where people primarily communicated by telephone, now they readily go online for e-mailing, instant messaging, teleconferences, and videoconferences. The Internet is connecting remote places throughout the world and spreading information, education and entertainment to people of all ages and backgrounds."
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Cardiovascular Disease and Low Fitness, 2008.
A review of the limitations of "Prevalence and Cardiovascular Disease Correlates of Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adolescents and Adults," written by Mercedes R. Carnethon, Martha Gulati and Philip Greenland.
872 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and reviews the article, "Prevalence and Cardiovascular Disease Correlates of Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adolescents and Adults," written by Mercedes R. Carnethon, Martha Gulati and Philip Greenland. It discusses the purpose of the study, the results and conclusions and the limitations of the study's methods.
From the Paper
"The age selection was quite broad, so the study could control for other fitness factors relating to age impinging upon the results. But there is an obvious weakness in using such a large sampling. The population size is so diluted and generalized in its composition that the conclusions drawn from the study may be too vague to be of prescriptive use. To conduct the study, the authors submitted the test subjects to submaximal treadmill testing so they reached at least 75% to 90% of their age-predicted maximum heart rate. Maximal oxygen consumption, or VO2 max, was estimated by measuring their heart rate response to their effort. Low levels of fitness were defined by using percentile cut-off points of estimated VO2 max from existing external referent populations. In other words, the VO2 max definitions of fitness were derived purely from preexisting literature and studies. Similarly, the other physical and laboratory CVD risk factors measured according to standard methods were derived from preexisting literature."
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Laryngeal Cancer, 2008.
Describes laryngeal cancer or cancer of the larynx, which is generally squamous cell carcinoma.
1,985 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that laryngeal cancer is cancer of the larynx or voice box, which is essential for normal vocal production. The paper describes several types of degrees of laryngectomy, the complete or partial removal of the larynx, which is usually performed to contain and stop the cancer from metastasizing to other cells. The paper then explains that, in addition to regular post surgical care, a speech pathologist should be included in the treatment team as soon as possible. The speech pathologist helps the patient learn to communicate, provides counseling and gives emotional support. Several illustrations are included with the paper.
From the Paper
"It is the responsibility of the speech language pathologist to be the main intermediary between the patient and communication, postoperatively, as speech pathologists seek to help the patient learn effective communication in whatever manner possible so the individual may gain as close to pre-surgical communication effectiveness as possible. This means that the speech pathologist is responsible for training the individual on devices, pneumonic and electric as well as helping the individual to use pneumonic devices for communication and or teaching the individual a greater expression of sign language development."
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C-Reactive Protein, 2008.
This paper provides a critique of the article 'Effects of Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Agents on C-Reactive Protein' by P. Dandona.
1,314 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer notes that Dandona's article entitled 'Effects of Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Agents on C-Reactive Protein', centers on type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and the increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The writer discusses that insulin resistance in type 2 DM predisposes patients to develop cardiovascular disease, and has the associated risk factors for atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the arteries. The writer notes that higher CRP concentrations are found in patients with type 2 DM and Dandona theorizes that reducing these concentrations could have clinical benefit. As glucose and lipid levels are also often elevated in type 2 DM patients, an agent that affects all three of these would be beneficial to patients. The writer maintains that Dandona's article is a retrospective exploration of literature on antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic agents which reduce these factors.
Outline:
Abstract
From the Paper
"The complex metabolic disorder that is type 2 DM is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. In addition, due to the patient's insulin resistance, due to impaired insulation secretion and/or insulin action, there is also disturbances in lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism. This predisposes the patient to the development of cardiovascular disease, due to the proinflammatory and hypercoagulable state. As Dandona notes, an elevated CRP concentration is a predictor of cardiovascular events, in fact, it is a far better indicator than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) even amongst healthy people. Although previous research indicates that CRP does not initiate atherosclerosis, but instead progresses the disease, the fact that CRP inhibits nitric oxide production suggests that it also has a role in the initiation of atherosclerosis as well."
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Mental Health in Developing Countries, 2008.
A look at the role of education toward the development of understanding the mental health needs of Nigerian citizens.
1,941 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how mental health problems are not the sole purview of developed nations, of course, nor are they any different in terms of causation or their general responsiveness to modern therapeutic techniques. In some cases, though, longstanding perceptions the efficacy of traditional healing methods and the actual causes of mental illness may adversely affect the ability of such modern healthcare services to effect substantive improvements in the mentally ill. To help understand what factors are involved in delivering effective mental health services to the citizens of developing nations in general and Nigeria in particular, this paper provides a review of the peer-reviewed and scholarly literature to this end, followed by a summary of the research and important findings in the conclusion.
Outline
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview.
Rationale of the Study.
Methodology
Mental Illness in Nigeria and Other Developing Countries
Conclusion
From the Paper
"From the perspective of a majority of modern Nigerians, mental illness continues to be primarily equated with severe psychoses; these popular concepts of mental health problems are founded in large part on the idea that mental illness is the result of supernatural forces, notions that are firmly established even among educated Nigerians (Kemp, 1993). In recent years, though, there are indications that this is changing to some extent, though, with the primary forces of change being increased education concerning mental illness and exposure to modern medical practices (Ilechukwu, 1988). One of the most important medical events in the history of mental health care in Nigeria was the establishment of Aro Psychiatric Hospital (Nervous Diseases Hospital) in Abeokuta in 1952; this facility was established during a period in Nigeria's history when electroshock therapy was regarded as the most efficacious modern therapeutic treatment modality available (Kemp). "
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Postpartum Depression Role Attainment, 2008.
This paper looks at depression following childbirth, both for women and the families involved.
2,000 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 27 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that postpartum depression is a serious and invasive social problem affecting millions of women and their families every year. The writer notes that it is clear from the research on the subject that postpartum depression is both a biological and an environmental problem that can be successfully treated, if the individual seeks such treatment. The consequences of untreated postnatal depression are broad, as it can affect not only the individual woman but her infant, any children she previously bore and her partner, where one is present as well as extended relations and other social support structure members. This work addresses the issue of postpartum depression and the maternal role attainment, to develop a now suspected link between social and personal stagnation and postpartum depression.
Outline:
Introduction
Statement of Problem
Review of Literature
Methodology
Sample
Sample Selection
Variable Identification
Data Collection/Data Analysis
Instrumentation
Protection of Subjects
Limitations of Research Design
Expected Results
Summary/Conclusion
From the Paper
"Research is conclusive of one fact, and that is that postpartum depression has long term effects, as individuals need but a few weeks to develop a habit, and many habits of child rearing, social inaction and role inaction or negative action can compound to result in long term social and personal stagnation relating to the interruption that this supposedly glorious developmental even creates. The difficulty regarding research is that most research regarding postpartum depression revolves around theses that are interested only in the infant well being, and not so much in the long term or even short term coping of the mother. In fact is often only in extreme high-risk population, such as rape victims, extremely young mothers, or known drug using mothers where the welfare of the mother is not considered the secondary factor to the disorder research. It is also clear form the existing literature that research is often compounded based on the idea that depression, in all its forms is environmental as well as biological and that it needs to be treated with multidimensional treatment plans. Yet, a true long term study regarding post partum depression and long term role attainment by mothers has not been done. It would therefore be prudent to develop a research base that responded to this gap as a way to understand the give and take of role attainment with regard to postpartum depression."
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Reducing the Incidence of Medication Errors, 2008.
An analysis of the reasons for and the ways to prevent medication errors in the healthcare setting.
1,556 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of medication errors. It describes the most common types and causes of medication errors and discusses the impact of medication errors on patient care. The paper then provides some strategies that can be used in virtually any healthcare setting in order to help reduce the number of medication errors that occur and therefore improve patient care.
Table of Contents:
Review and Discussion
Definition of Medication Error
Causes of Medication Errors
Impact on Client Care
Strategies to Prevent Medication Errors
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The research and empirical observations suggest that because healthcare professionals are just human, medication errors will happen and the consequences of such errors can be severe. The research also showed, though, that nursing staff in particular can benefit from the above-stated five "rights" to help them avoid some of the most common types of medication errors which were shown to include improper dosages, the wrong drugs and the wrong route of administration. Because the consequences of medication errors can be so dire, it is vitally important for all healthcare providers to take the time necessary to use the strategies outlined above to help guide them in the proper preparation, dispensing and administration of all medications."
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Conventional and Alternative Medicine, 2008.
This paper discusses prescription drugs, over-the-counter (OTC) drugs and herbal medicines.
1,877 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
The paper provides an overview of prescription drugs, over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, herbal medicines and supplementary drugs. The paper discusses the laxity in regulation of dietary supplements currently available in the market that is causing alarm among health care professionals. The paper then explores the reasons behind the increased popularity with OTC drugs and dietary supplements.
From the Paper
"In these modern times, patients and consumers have numerous alternatives in attempting to alleviate their health. Conventional medicine is still the mainstream for treatment of the population's maladies. However, alternative or traditional medicine is rapidly gaining popularity among consumers and patients. These include methods that claim to have a holistic approach in healing. Reflexology and acupuncture are popular procedures in an effort to cure one's pain or illness. The uses of herbs and plants as alternative medicine have been used for centuries by other societies such as China and India. "
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Tylenol, 2008.
This paper explores the positive uses of the drug acetaminophen, known to most Americans as Tylenol.
1,737 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the benefits, disadvantages and costs of Tylenol as well as alternatives to Tylenol and then shows how Tylenol and all forms of acetaminophen prove to have more positive than negative consequences. The paper discusses how although acetaminophen has some serious consequences if misused with alcohol, the drug continues to help those who need small amounts of pain relief or fever reduction.
From the Paper
"The drug acetaminophen, known to most Americans as Tylenol, is one of the most widely used and recognizable over the counter drugs in the United States. It has been around for generations, and is now available without a prescription. The average American can go to their local grocery market or drug store and buy this product for a relatively cheap price. It also has a variety of uses, making it a perfect product to keep in the house in case it may be needed. Although this drug does have a few negative side affects in some individuals, it has been a blessing to many suffering from pain or illnesses which prove bothersome but not strong enough for prescription medication."
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The Plague, 2008.
Examines new types of plagues and the persistent problem of the historical plague in contemporary times.
3,170 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses primarily on "the" plague, which caused thousands of deaths throughout Europe during the 6th and 14th centuries and which currently remains a public health problem. In addition, the author discusses six modern plagues, such as the west Nile virus and AIDS. The author describes the three types of traditional plague, as well as the treatment, locations, control and preventative medication for plagues. The author also reviews the use of the plague as a biological weapon.
Table of Contents:
From the Past to the Future
A Purported Persistent Problem
"Strange New Disease"
West Nile Virus
Six Modern Plagues
Mad Cow Disease
HIV/AIDS
Hantavirus
Lyme
New Strain of Salmonella
Contributing Causes of "Modern Plagues" Considered
The Plague, per se
Three Forms of Plague
Bubonic Plague
Septicemic Plague
Pneumonic Plague
Treatment Regime
Plague around the World
Control Considerations
Preventative Medication
Plague as a Biological Weapon?
From the Paper
"A confirmed plague diagnosis triggers reporting requirements to certain health departments, including the Centers for Disease Control, which in turn, reports plague incidents to the World Health Organization. Diagnostic tests to confirm plague include: a complete blood count, a urinalysis, arterial blood gas, peripheral smear looking for Y pestis coccobaccilus, gram stain, cultures of blood, sputum, and bubo aspirate, chest radiography, specialized diagnostic testing, a F1 antigen rapid diagnostic test, Y pestis fluorescent antibody stain, and a Y pestis fluorescent antibody titer."
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temporarily unavailable
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Metabolic Syndrome and Antidepressant Medicines, 2008.
A review of research undertaken regarding antidepressant use and metabolic syndrome.
21,253 words (approx. 85.0 pages), 51 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This research project focuses on providing an explanation of the problems associated with metabolic syndrome as well as the potential link it may have to antidepressant medication. The paper not only attempts to show the seriousness of this problem, but also attempts to come up with ideas that will help to show how this problem can be reduced in size. The paper relates that the best way to accomplish this is to first analyze the problem in question to determine just how serious it actually is, and then use that seriousness as a wake-up call for those that have been looking the other way and avoiding dealing with the issue. There are many of these individuals, and it is time that this is changed.
Outline:
Introduction
Problem Statement
Literature Review
Research Methodology
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The issue of metabolic syndrome is one that has been misunderstood for many years, because people did not realize that the problems that were associated with it were tied together as one syndrome. They simply thought that there were individual problems that people experienced, and sometimes they had more than one of these individual problems. Now that this syndrome has become more well-known, however, there are individuals that study it and discuss how significant it is, and there are others that see it as some kind of made-up problem that is really not important enough to focus on. Both of these are valid points of view for people who research the issue but, in recent years, it has generally been accepted that metabolic syndrome does exist, and that the study of it is important. Unlike standard medical problems, such as singular diseases that affect the body, metabolic syndrome is not something that can be 'cured,' as it is understood in the traditional sense."
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