| Papers [25-36] of 598 :: [Page 3 of 50] | | Go to page : <— 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 —> | |
|
|
End-Stage Renal Disease, 2008.
An analysis of the restrictions placed on the diet of a patient undergoing dialysis of end-stage renal disease.
1,487 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 49.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines the importance of nutrition in end stage renal failure disease versus non-diseased people. It begins by discussing the causes of end-stage renal disease and its recommended treatment. The paper then discusses nutrition in the pre-dialysis and dialysis patient. The paper specifically looks at the restrictions that must be placed on the diet of a patient undergoing dialysis.
Outline:
Causes
Treatment
Nutrition in the Pre-dialysis and Dialysis Patients
From the Paper
"The definitive treatment of ESRD is the initiation of dialysis (peritoneal or hemodialysis) or renal transplantation with control or eradication of the cause of the kidney disease. However, nutritional support in the patient with end-stage renal disease must take into account the fragile electrolyte balance maintained by the remaining functional nephrons. Nutritional support in these patients most importantly takes into account the stage at which the patient is in. Protein restriction (0.6 g/kg/day) combined with a balanced, calorie-sufficient diet (35 kcal/kg/day) and phosphorus supplementation of up to 10 g/kg/day is the diet of choice for stage 3, 4 and 5CRD patients (Skorecki, Green & Brenner, 2005). Protein restriction is the most important component, which avoids the problem of urea nitrogen accumulation from the catabolism of the n-terminals of excess protein. Other organ system disorders are treated separately."
| |
|
Adolescents and Healthy Food, 2007.
A review of the article "Factors of Fruit and Vegetable Intake by Race, Gender and Age Among Young Adolescents" by M.L. Granner, R.G. Sergant, K.S. Calderon, J.R. Hussey, A.E. Evans, and K.W. Watkins.
1,060 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 37.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper critically analyzes the article "Factors of Fruit and Vegetable Intake by Race, Gender and Age Among Young Adolescents" by Granner et. al. The paper explains that although a number of methodological aspects prove problematic, the paper is also confounded by equally serious conceptual errors. The paper looks at the apparent total absence of research hypotheses and notes that the absence of testimonial regarding the benefits of eating healthily also leaves a question mark over whether poor diet is a concern for researchers, or even a problem willing to be explored. The writer believes that the discussion section seems fairly brief for a research topic apparently so broad in scope, but notes that the one notable finding of the Granner et. al. experiment - a high correlation between self-efficacy and snack choice - may be explored in further detail in the future.
From the Paper
"The research measures, moreover, provide something of a quandary. The complicated and numerous variables lead to a much more intricate and confusing methodological tapestry than would seem necessary. Measures such as race, age, and gender, and their impact on the food attitudes of adolescents are certainly necessary. However, measures such as "normative beliefs", "outcome expectations" and "modeling" seem a little excessive. Instead, the experimenters conduct something of a dual study of both these dependent variables impacting age, ethnicity and gender, and these former measures again acting as independent variables to fruit and vegetable consumption. If the point of the present research is indeed to examine a relationship between adolescence and poor dietary habits, the variables should be similarly simple."
| |
|
Nutrition, Exercise and Ethnicity, 2008.
A critical analysis of the article; "Patterns and Correlates of Physical Activity and Nutrition Behaviors in Adolescents" by A. Sanchez, G.J. Norman, J.F. Sallis, K.J. Calfas, J. Cella and K. Patrick.
796 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 28.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper examines the article "Patterns and Correlates of Physical Activity and Nutrition Behaviors in Adolescents", which demonstrates the ethnic differences in how adolescents exercise and get nutrition. The paper looks at the structure and methodology of the study and concludes that the study represents a high level of research quality.
From the Paper
"A 2007 study published in the Journal of Preventive Medicine, entitled "Patterns and Correlates of Physical Activity and Nutrition Behaviors in Adolescents" demonstrates that there are marked differences along ethnic lines in how adolescents exercise and get nutrition (Sanchez, Norman, Sallis, Calfas, Cella and Patrick, 2007). The study's purpose, as stated, was to determine the "prevalence, clustering, and correlates of multiple adolescent health behaviors" to assist in informing the "design of health promotion interventions" (124). The study examined a significant sample of adolescents, 878 children aged 11 through 15 years, and looked at their specific daily food intake, level and type of activity, and non-athletic activities such as watching television or playing video games. The article concluded that minority status was the second highest determiner of lower healthy food intake and lower exercise rates in adolescents - the most significant determiner was a low education."
| |
|
End-Stage Renal Disease, 2008.
This paper discuses end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which is the point of no return of chronic renal disease (CRD) regardless of etiology.
765 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 27.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that end-stage renal disease (ESRD) represents irreversible damage to the nephrons, the functioning filtration units of the kidney. The author points out that this stage is generally accepted clinically as the complete dependence of the patient on life-preserving dialysis or kidney transplantation for adequate waste filtration due to this irreversible damage. The paper relates that the definitive treatment of ESRD is the initiation of dialysis (peritoneal or hemodialysis) or renal transplantation with control or eradication of the cause of the kidney disease; however, nutritional support in the patient with end-stage renal disease must take into account the fragile electrolyte balance maintained by the remaining functional nephrons.
Table of Contents
Causes
Populations at Risk
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
From the Paper
"Signs and symptoms of ESRD are also seen in acute, chronic and acute renal failure superimposed on chronic renal failure. ESRD is seen in GFRs that approach zero; it is thus inferable that prolonged periods in between dialysis result in severe manifestations of electrolyte imbalance, especially urea and ammonia accumulation. Azotemia and uremia are associated with urea and ammonia accumulation secondary to diminished renal function are seen in rises in blood urea nitrogen."
| |
|
Subclasses of Edible Sea Creatures, 2008.
An analysis of the subclasses of edible sea creatures.
1,203 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 41.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper analyzes seven types of sea creatures within four subclasses. It presents and discusses classes of fish, shellfish, cephalopods and cartilaginous sea creatures. It then looks at each class to determine the seven types of edible sea creatures. The paper describes culinary considerations that are taken into account with each class and subclass of edible sea creature.
From the Paper
"Under the cartilaginous category are subclasses of Chondrichthyes, Batoidea, and Pristiformes. The Chondrichthyes has two additional subclasses under cartilaginous fishes: Holocephali and Elasmobranchii. They seem to have popped up on Earth over 450 million years ago having no true bone but have tremendous cartilage and a distinctive jaw. The Holocephili are considered chimaeras. The Elasmobranchi are considered sharks and rays. They can be harmless and is used for fishing sport or commercially. The Batoidea are rays have gill slits, which are alongside the fin and attached to the head near the orbit. They are flat and are considered boneless skeleton with a sturdy expandable substance. They have no dorsal fins and have crushing teeth to eat mollusks and anthropods. The Pristiformes has a saw-like snout and the teeth are entrenched. These cartilaginous fish are shark-like with two dorsal fins and a caudal fin. In addition, the saw captures and kills smaller fishes and also dig up covered crabs and bivalves. The female has a covering over its snout, which avoids injury during birth (Jobling, 2004, p. 175-322)."
| |
|
Article Analysis: Estrogen Metabolites in a Multiracial Population, 2007.
A critical analysis of an article by Sowers, Crawford, McConnell and Randolph, entitled 'Selected Diet and Lifestyle Factors are Associated with Estrogen Metabolites in a Multiracial/Ethnic Population of Women".
955 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 33.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that there are significant problems in terms of conceptualization and methodology in the research reported by Sowers et. al. in the article 'Selected Diet and Lifestyle Factors are Associated with Estrogen Metabolites in a Multiracial/Ethnic Population of Women'. The author points out that the troubling methodological problems throughout the framework of this paper include ambiguous phrases, deceptive statistics, the overlooking of rival causes, inadequate justification of the project and the fundamental disconnect between the research questions and the results. The paper stresses that there is no justification for the authors' use of race/ethnicity as a variable in this study, particularly given that the authors pay absolutely no regard to the importance of socio-economic status as a variable. The author underscores that the harm of this research is that it implies inherently bad health to minorities, in this case, to African-American women, which risks perpetuating racist stereotypes.
From the Paper
"The authors find that African-American women have significantly lower levels of estrogen metabolites than either White or Asian women; a number that they suggest is inherent in the racial group as it is not correlated to lifestyle factors. To attain this result, the authors measure the independent variable of race/ethnicity against dependent dietary and lifestyle variables. Other variables such as age are controlled. However, one obvious variable - a particularly important one given the focus of the study - is entirely absent from the analysis: socio-economic status."
| |
|
Critical Analysis of Nutrition and Ethnicity Article, 2008.
A critical analysis of the article "Association of Fiber Intake and Fruit/Vegetable Consumption with Weight in a Mediterranean Population", by M. Bes-Rastrollo, M. Martinez-Gonsalez, A. Sanchez-Villegas, C. Arrillaga, C. and J. Martinez.
1,052 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 36.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper emphasizes the importance of the study, "Association of Fiber Intake and Fruit/Vegetable Consumption with Weight in a Mediterranean Population", while also documenting some of its shortcomings. The authors of the study examined a large population in Spain living on a traditional Mediterranean diet, in order to assess weight gain in both men and women. While their research reveals many interesting facts, the author of this paper feels that the article's lack of a literature review is a significant flaw.
From the Paper
"This nutrition article is of clear and present interest not only because of its study of nutrition with respect to a specific ethnic group - Mediterranean Spaniards - but also how the nutritional consumption patterns of this group has the potential to yield important findings of benefit beyond the boundaries of this specific group. In this regard, the context of this article is important. As the authors note in their Introduction, obesity has been recognized as a health problem in both industrialized and even developing countries, with increasing rates of obesity in both the United States and Europe. While the authors note that genetic background has been identified as a key determining factor behind obesity, they also note that dietary habits and lifestyle issues can play a role as well (Bes-Rastrollo et al 2006).
This being said, one of the most puzzling features of this article is its lack of a literature review on this topic and, in particular, one focusing upon the significance of the so-called "Mediterranean diet". Students of nutrition will, of course, know of the wide interest in Mediterranean dietary habits and popular associations between these habits and healthy lifestyle and nutritional choices. Given this, it is truly remarkable that this study does not actually discuss the scholarly literature - of which, one may assume, is significant - on the Mediterranean diet, or even to give some background into this nutritional template. After all, the fact that this study is conducted among a Mediterranean ethnic population regarding its "traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern" is indicative of the importance of this issue of the "Mediterranean diet" to our understanding of the article. Yet, surprisingly, there is no discussion of the Mediterranean diet whatsoever - including no literature review - to provide contextual background for readers on this issue and, indeed, why this study is being conducted with the population in the first place."
| |
|
Nutritional Needs for Preschool Children, 2008.
This paper is a review of literature that seeks to clarify nutritional needs for preschool children as required by parents.
2,795 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that, while much is known about appropriate nutritional needs for infants and for children and adolescents, preschoolers are a demographic that is generally understudied in the nutritional literature. The author points out that nutrition for preschoolers is determined by the physiology of the child, the degree of activity expressed by the child and the context in which consumption of food occurs. The paper stresses that many of the rules of thumb that govern dietary habits for adults do not work in respect to preschoolers especially in the area of fat consumption. The author relates that preschoolers are predisposed towards diets that are high in fiber, such as grains and vegetables. The paper suggests that parents, who want to improve their children's nutritional health, should look to organic products.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Nutritional Needs for Preschoolers
Nutritional Determination and Preschoolers
Nutritional Environment and Preschoolers
Possible Threats to Appropriate Nutrition for Preschoolers
Summary: Recommendations for Parents of Preschoolers
From the Paper
"The National Agriculture Library indicates that most preschool children require a balanced diet from the "five food groups". These five food groups consist of grains, fruits and vegetables, meats, dairy, and foods with high fat and sugar content. In diet recommendations for preschoolers, the grains and vegetables are fundamental components. These diet recommendations are made with the exclusion of fruit: fruits contain high levels of natural sugar and should be minimized. This is likewise true for juice consumption, which also has a high level of sugar in it."
| |
|
Obesity and the Elderly, 2007.
This paper discuses health promotion and health teaching strategies for obesity and older people.
1,210 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 41.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that, although weight loss is recommended for older adults who are overweight and obese in the same way as it is advised for younger adults, there are questions concerning the long-term health effects of weight loss for elderly individuals. The author points out that, if older people are very obese, they will experience acute and chronic problems, but being underweight is actually a more serious problem since it has a greater link with mortality than does obesity. The paper relates that, in identifying the older person's weight loss goals, it must be remembered that, in terms of mobility, intentional weight loss by the older person does not always produce benefits. The author suggests that the best point to begin is with some concern that the person has about the effects of their obesity.
Table of Contents
Health Teaching and Learning Strategies
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There are also cultural factors that include learned beliefs and traditions, as well as extrinsic factors such as advertising. Certain eating patterns, especially cultural ones, may contribute to the epidemic of obesity. For example, elderly Hispanics have a high prevalence of obesity, diabetes, systolic hypertension, and physical disability because their diets are high in refined grains. These patterns are based in the determinants of health because they illustrate the interactions between biology, culture, food availability, education and lifestyle."
| |
|
Malnutrition and the Elderly, 2008.
An analysis of the risk factors, assessment principles and possible interventions for malnutrition in the elderly.
1,270 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 43.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explores the causes and contributing factors linked with malnutrition in the elderly. It also addresses ways to assess malnutrition in the aging population. The paper then focuses on interventions for malnutrition in the elderly in terms of health promotion principles and strategies. Additionally, the paper looks at primary, secondary and tertiary interventions.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Significance for Elderly Population
Assessment
Health Teaching and Learning Strategies
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One strategy for teaching and health promotion is to make use of mentors who also are peers of the elderly person. It is essential that, whatever the specific type of health promotion program, the elderly person participate fully. The strategy of using volunteer peer educators is based in social learning theory as defined by the World Health organization, and can be very effective for providing nutrition education for the elderly (Panayota & Amanatidou 2003). Peer mentors mainly act as a support system for providing reliable nutrition information as well as educational materials. These mentors need to understand and practice healthy nutrition and preferably also be somewhat experienced with teaching. It is preferable that these mentors be experts on nutrition because research indicates that older people prefer that all their information related to health should come from expert sources (Panayota & Amanatidou 2003)."
| |
|
Food Security Indicators, 2008.
A report to determine the nature of food security within the Chinese international community in Vancouver.
1,020 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper aims to examine whether the Chinese international students of Vancouver face serious food security concerns within their community. The paper discusses an interview that was conducted with a sample of the population and relates the general finding that although the students felt that the safety of Vancouver food itself was not compromised, their lack of knowledge regarding their food items and their poor English meant that the safety of their own diets were compromised. The paper discusses how changes should be implemented in government action. The paper concludes that as all people have the right to live with food security, so must the international students in Vancouver have a right to safe food choices and practices. The paper includes a sample of the questionnaire as well as interviewee responses compiled in table form as appendices.
Outline:
Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The issue of food security, even in a country as advanced and westernized as Canada, is a cause for growing concern amongst Canadian citizens. Though a series of federal government initiatives and international meetings have resulted in the development of federal guidelines requiring certain food security standards, local and provincial action concerning these guidelines has been called into question. Vancouver, though it is not the capital of British Columbia, is the most populous city in the province. The city is a thriving urban centre which provides food for almost 2.2 million Vancouverites, including a large minority of international travelers and students. For those migrating to Vancouver, food security concerns and practices are a potential problem."
| |
|
Food Safety and Sanitation, 2008.
An analysis of food safety and sanitation requirements to prevent food and waterborne illness.
1,543 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 50.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of food safety. It analyzes issues related to food safety, such as spoilage, food-borne pathogens and the microbiological quality of food. It then discusses sanitation regulations and standards with regards to food handling. The paper also looks at the two increasing trends of people desiring healthier nutrition and increasing global imports of produce and the effects these have on the potential for food and waterborne illness to expand.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Food Safety
Sanitation
Solutions and Conclusions
From the Paper
"More importantly, interviews with sorters and packers later revealed that the tomatoes had not been washed at any site. The evidence indicated that the tomatoes were contaminated at a terminal distribution site instead of a more central site of production, processing, or distribution. Currently, new contributing factors are aggravating the issue of food safety. Among these factors are changes in food consumption and cooking practices; increased restaurant dining; diminished consumer immunity; increased time between production and consumption; government and food industry negligence; and poor management (Griffith, 2006). Adding to the problem are new strains of pathogens. Meanwhile, other trends are counteracting those factors. According to West (2006), a major advance for the food sector is that concepts such as hazard analysis and critical control point for food safety are currently aspects of management systems."
|
|
|
