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Genetically Modified Agriculture, 2005.
This paper argues that genetically modified agriculture leads to poverty in the Third World and other problems.
1,445 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although supporters of genetically modified agriculture claim that it increases crop yield, increases the nutritional content in the food and decreases the use of pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers; there are several concerns about the negative effects of this practice, especially for the Third World. The author points out that a major problem of genetically modified crops being used in the Third World is its cost for the seeds, which means that small farmers need to indenture to big firms, and, once genetically modified framing is used, soil nutrients are exhausted drastically and it becomes difficult to return to traditional farming with limited fertilizing. The paper urges that, while agricultural biotechnology is still young, the benefits and the risks of genetically modified agriculture should be considered more thoroughly especially its effect on the Third World even though this area suffers from lack of highly nutritional food.
From the Paper
"Some people, especially children, are highly allergic to certain types of foods like peanuts. According to Wesley Burks, the Chief of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, allergic reactions to genetically modified food are usually limited to the skin and respiratory tract. Symptoms include urticaria, angioedema, pharyngeal edema, wheezing, coughing, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Genetically modified foods may accidentally introduce a new allergen because modern technology makes genes possibly be introduced to totally dissimilar species, for example a cow gene can be put into a plant. Dr. Martha R. Herbert, a pediatric neurologist said that "with genetic engineering, familiar foods could become metabolically dangerous or even toxic." It is true that if the crop itself is not toxic or dangerous, it could still upset the complex biochemical networks and create new bioactive compounds or change the concentrations of those normally present."
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Jewish Law and Vegetarianism, 2005.
An examination of Jewish law's attitude towards animals and its preference for a vegetarian diet.
7,250 words (approx. 29.0 pages), 30 sources, MLA, $ 161.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the way Jewish law views cruelty to animals, the environment, and the obligation to take care of one's health. The paper concludes that because Jewish Law has strong views about all these issues, the ideal diet is a vegetarian diet. The paper analyzes everything from Jewish dietary laws (kashrut) to factory farming.
I. Introduction
II. Tza'ar Ba'aley Chayim and Positive Acts of Kindness
A. Halacha Concerning Cruelty to Animals
B. Throughout Jewish Texts, it is Clear That Kindness to Animals is Highly Desirable
C. So Why Are Jews Allowed To Eat Meat?
D. Meat Eating Today
III. Halacha and the Environment
A. The World and All In It Belongs To G-d and Man Is Responsible For Preserving It All
B. Animals Are Important to G-d
C. Bal Tashchit - The Prohibition on Wanton Destruction
D. Environmental Effects of Producing So Much Meat
IV. Halacha and Health
A. The Importance of Maintaining Health in Halacha
B. Health and Vegetarianism
V. The Misunderstanding of the Importance of Meat in Judaism
VI. Rabbis And Vegetarianism
VII. Conclusions
From the Paper
"A feature of halacha (Jewish law) that is often neglected is that Jews are obligated to treat animals with kindness. This aspect gets lost amidst the multitude of complicated sacrificial laws and the laws of kashrut (Jewish dietary law). Perhaps the American approach to eating plenty of meat several times a week without giving any thought to the source of all that delicious food has rubbed off on Jews, making them forget that G-d treasures the lives of all animals and explicitly commanded that man not cause animals unnecessary harm. This paper will draw from different sources in the Jewish tradition to demonstrate that given the state of meat production and consumption today, eating meat may actually violate several Jewish laws and principal. Although halacha allow Jews to eat meat, as long as all the laws and limitations are properly met, halacha prefers that Jews followed a vegetarian diet."
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Fast Food and Obesity, 2005.
A look at the recent connection being made about fast food and obesity in America.
1,458 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the latest media frenzy about the link between fast/junk food and America's ever-increasing trend of obesity, especially in youngsters. The paper argues, however, that obesity trends cannot be blamed on this factor alone.
From the Paper
"Finally, some believe that people are to blame for their own fate when it comes to obesity. Americans tend to make poor choices such as knowingly eating high-fat foods, putting taste and convenience ahead of nutrition and avoiding physical activity. Rather than blaming the fast food industry as does Schlosser, advocates of individual responsibility state that "Each of us should be held accountable for our health choices, how much we eat and how much we exercise. Why should the fast-food industry be responsible for our decision to order French fries instead of a salad? We do not have the right to blame the fast-food industry for our choices.""
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Artificial Hydration and Nutrition, 2005.
Examines the medical and ethical issues of AHN from a nursing perspective.
3,119 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
Artificial hydration and nutrition (AHN) in the elderly and infirm can act as a way to sustain life. IV lines, as well as feeding tubes, are common examples of AHN treatment that are used as tools to prolong death. Questions arise as to when it is ethical to insert feeding tubes not only in the elderly, but also for those who are unable to swallow adequately enough to maintain the nutrition needed to survive. When looking at this issue, there are religious and spiritual concerns that are involved. This paper explores these concerns and researches the general use of feeding tubes from a nursing perspective.
From the Paper
"The issue of Artificial Nutrition and Hydration will most likely be debated for years to come. The most important lesson to be learned is that nurses must value the opinion and beliefs of others. At the same time, nurses will have their own opinions and values. However, the duty of a nurse is to put personal values aside and use societal values while practicing. Hospital regulations and state laws will give the nurse the directions on how to act when a patient is in need of AHN treatment. At that point, the only ethical decision would be to follow orders from the top of the hierarchy. It is completely beneficial to the nurse to understand the controversy and the issue so they can empathize with those on both sides. By understanding the pros and cons of AHN treatment, the nurse can better equip the family of the ill to make a fully informed decision on what treatment is best for their situation."
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GM Foods: A Right to Know, 2005.
Reviews the argument surrounding the labelling of genetically modified (GM) foods.
2,096 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that, although science has not established that genetically modified foods are dangerous and carry a health risk, they should be labeled because they may contain ingredients that cause allergies. It explains that consumer laws state that people have a right to information regarding the products they purchase; not informing consumers deprives them of their right to free choice.
From the Paper
"People are worried about the food they eat, the water they drink and the air they breathe. They have a right to be as in recent years, it seems to observers, that the rates of diseases such as cancer have increased tremendously and that new diseases, previously unheard of, such as Mad Cow and Sars, are threatening lives and health. It may be that people are healthier now than they ever previously were but, many do not think so and are very anxious about the spread of these deadly diseases. More importantly, many assume that these diseases are spread through the food that we eat. Needless to say, this has created greater consumer interest in the types of food purchased and consumed. Much of this interest is focused on genetically modified foods. Genetic modification according to Mark Tester, a professor of plant sciences at Cambridge University, is the heritable alteration of genes. The definition provided offers a very good clue why people fear GM foods and believe that they have harmful effects on the health. Quite simply stated, they are not natural foods but foods that have been created through human sciences that changed the biological make up of these foods. Some, including scientists, insist that these foods are safe. Dan Ferber, a science writer, insists on the safety of GM foods, further arguing that the current genetically modified foods are nothing more than an advance on techniques of improving crops and crop types that have existed and been practices over the centuries (1663-1664)."
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History of Tea in the United Kingdom, 2004.
An examination of the importance of tea to the British from an economic and social perspective.
2,301 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of how tea was first introduced to the United Kingdom, a discussion of its social significance and impact, followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.
From the Paper
"To the scientific community, it is the Camellia sinensis (Sivasubramaniam 2004); to school children in the United States, it was one of the causes of the American Revolution and was the focus of a historically significant "party" in Boston to protest British taxation of the colonies (Weinstein 2001); to a legion of faithful in the United Kingdom, though, it is delicious and ubiquitous tea. What is it about this modest beverage that is made by simply steeping leaves in hot water that attracts 90 percent of the world's population (Lane 1993)?"
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Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate, 2001.
Examines this nutritional supplement and explores its use.
3,163 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
HMB (beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate) is a patented amino acid metabolite that was discovered at Iowa State University. Supplemental HMB increases lean muscle mass, strength, and VO2 Max, while increasing fat loss. This paper examines the scholarly and peer-reviewed literature and relevant online sources to determine just what HMB is, how it works, and who should or should not use it. A summary of the research and salient findings are provided in the conclusion. The paper includes an appendix, "Comparison of Daily Costs of Various Nutrition Supplements Used by Athletes," which is not included in the word count
From the Paper
"HMB is produced naturally by the human body and can also be found in foods like catfish and grapefruit; however, it may not be practical or advantageous for athletes to consume these foods on a regular basis (Armsey & Green, June 1997, 9). HMB is used in order to boost strength levels, enhance muscle gains in size and prevent muscle tissue breakdown which can occur during periods of intensive exercising because scientists believe that HMB aids in the body's attempt to minimize protein breakdown. By minimizing the breakdown, HMB helps the body recover faster from exercise and leads to quicker strength and muscle gains. In sports and body building circles, HMB is known for its ability to promote fat loss and enhance muscle growth. HMB appears to upgrade the body's natural potential to build muscle and burn body fat by minimizing the muscle tissue breakdown that occurs after intense exercise sessions."
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Problems of African Food Supply, 2005.
Studies the development of new foods and distribution systems in a bid to find a solution to Africa's growing food problem.
1,686 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the problems facing the African food supply. Genetically altered crops are studied as a way to help fight famine in many parts of Africa. The study of native foods is integrated into the paper, and specific countries are presented as case studies. Various works are cited in order to look at several possibilities to resolve the problems in Africa.
From the Paper
"In Ghana during the green revolution, there was a push to try for mechanized agriculture, and produce monoculture crops. During the drive, thousands of people were displaced by the Volta dam, which went into use in 1990. The government created 52 townships in order to relocate indigenous people (AppiahOpoku 2004). During this time, Ghana made no attempt to judge the environmental impacts of the project. This decision would destroy a great deal of biodiversity, and at the same time, put skepticism into the minds of farmers. Indigenous ecological knowledge (IEK) was not used and the biodiversity was hurt (AppiahOpoku 2004)."
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Physiologically Appropriate Activities for Childhood Development, 2003.
An examination of effective, physiologically appropriate, sports activities for childhood development.
1,300 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
In their rush to grow up, many young children may inadvertently engage in sporting activities that may not be physiologically appropriate for their developing bodies, and accidents, injuries, or other adverse consequences, including death, may result. To this end, this paper provides a review of the relevant and scholarly literature to identify physiologically appropriate sports activities for children, followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.
From the Paper
"Children are at increased risk of heat injury because their compensatory mechanisms are much less efficient than those in adults. Children produce greater heat loads, are less efficient at transferring heat away from muscles, sweat less, and drink less. Heat injury appears in many forms. The mildest form is in reduced exercise tolerance; this can be manifest as just a feeling general feeling of being tired. Some of the more severe forms of heat injury are discussed below."
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Leisure and Long-Term Health, 2004.
A look at past and present research with regards to leisure effects on health.
5,008 words (approx. 20.0 pages), 60 sources, APA, $ 126.95
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Abstract
This paper is a research literature review of studies done concerning the effect of leisure on health. Theories of leisure are described and related to the topic. The paper discusses the effects on both physical and mental health of individuals. Ideas for future research are presented at the end of the paper.
From the Paper
"Long-term health is becoming a more prevalent issue in the United States than ever before. In the US it is projected by the Census Bureau that by the year 2020, 17.7% of the population will be 65 years of age or over and that this figure will grow to 22.9% in 2050 (Kwai-Sang Yau & Packer, 2002). Life expectancy in the United States is currently approximately 80 years from birth (NCHS, 2004). Though these numbers are definitely promising they may be a bit misleading. The increase in life expectancy seems to be more of a product of other factors such as medical advances and less of a derivative of increased leisure activity. Also, life expectancy does not take into account quality of life. Mental Happiness is just as important throughout the life-cycle as physical health. People are living to 80 years old, but they may be suffering from many different ailments as a result of an unhealthy lifestyle or general consequences of aging. Medical science can treat those ailments enough to keep people alive, but in many cases they cannot be cured and people have to live with their effects and the unhappiness they bring with them. That is why leisure activity participation must be looked at as a possible solution to health problems in later life. To truly get to the heart of the problem, leisure activites? involvement in health related matters throughout the lifespan must be dissected."
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Food in ?The Odyssey?, 2003.
An analysis of the representation of food in Homer's "Odyssey".
1,349 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 0 sources, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Homer?s "Odyssey" is superimposed on the backdrop of a typical ancient Greek society. It looks at how the main character, Odysseus, and his companions travel from place to place on their way to their hometown of Ithaka. Many people host them in a show of hospitality common to ancient Greece; a large part of this hospitality involves the preparation of feasts and giving each guest an ample amount of food. It shows how, although food is positively associated with the Greek tradition of hospitality, Homer uses it negatively in the "Odyssey" to represent the gluttony, lack of self-control, and lack of civility of various characters.
From the Paper
"Upon landing their ship on an island of Lotus-eaters, Odysseus? own men engage in a gluttonous feast of lotus fruit, which causes them to neglect their duties to Odysseus. They are so hypnotized by the delicious taste that ??any of them who ate the honey-sweet fruit?was unwilling to take any message back, or to go away, but they wanted to stay there with the lotus-eating people, feeding on lotus, and forget the way home? (IX:94-97). Odysseus, the leader of the group and at this point the only man in full possession of his faculties, finally takes them back ??weeping, by force, to the ships? under the rowing benches and tied them fast, then gave the order?to embark on the ships in haste, for fear someone else might taste of the lotus and forget the way home?? "
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Obesity in Adolescents in Palm Beach County, 2004.
Presents a community needs assessment regarding the need for programs to address obesity in Palm Beach County.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This doctoral project focuses on determining if there is a need to educate adolescents, ages twelve through nineteen, in Palm Beach County, Florida, on the health risks of obesity and methods to prevent obesity. The targeted population consists of adolescents, without regard to race, gender, or socioeconomic class.
Introduction and Target Population Defined
Community Perception and Environmental Factors
Indicators of Health Status
Ideal Levels of Health Status
MAPP Committee
Sample Student Survey
From the Paper
"The US Census Bureau (2000) reports 63,868 children between the ages of ten and nineteen living in Palm Beach County for the year 2000. The National Center for Health Care Statistics reported for the year 2002 that eleven percent of American Children between the ages of twelve and nineteen are obese and children ten to twelve have similar statistics. This means that approximately over 7,000 children in Palm Beach County are obese with significant health risks."
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