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Bronfenbrenner and Development, 2008.
This paper discusses Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory of development.
1,377 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that in many ways, the ecological theory posited by Bronfenbrenner can be used to describe the levels of development in the writer's personal and academic life. This theory of development is based on interactive levels of input and experience that can be transposed and used to discuss the decisions made in the writer's personal life, which led to a change from a career focused on children and family services to the geriatric population and gerontology. This paper not only attempts to show how this personal development corresponds to Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory of development but also analyzes and elucidates this theoretical standpoint and its ramifications.
From the Paper
"In essence, the theory put forward by Bronfenbrenner stresses the quality as well as the context of the developmental environment that extends from childhood to adulthood and to later life. A central facet that is emphasized in the theory is the interaction between the individual and the environment and the complexity of this interaction in the developmental process. Many of the above stages can be relate to the different dimensions of an individual's development. For example, the Macrosystem can present environmental factors that can both help or hinder the developmental progress of the childe or young adult. "
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Continental Philosophy, 2008.
An introduction to various philosophers.
1,003 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper puts forward various philosophical arguments from well known philosophers such as Georg Hegel, Arthur Schopenhauer, Soren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche. The author also explains how the existentialist challenge launched on Hegelian idealism is not complete without the existentialist icons of the 20th century, Jean Paul Sartre and Albert Camus.
From the Paper
"Hegel's idealism, which can be traced back to the ancient Greek philosophers, was seriously questioned starting with the 19th century and the essential works of Schopenhauer and Kierkegaard, only to continue with Nietzsche and the phenomenology school in the last part of the 19th century and for much of the 20th century. The existentialist school of which these philosophers were part of launched the revolutionary idea that existence precedes the essence and that the human being exists before it starts defining itself. The assumption of existence as the core concept of their philosophical system brought about the anguish of existential loneliness, the negation of Divinity and the challenge of the individual's existence. Moving on from Hegel's alienation, existentialists and phenomenologists were able to make revolutionary changes to perceptions."
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Aristotle on Pleasure, 2008.
An analysis of Aristotle's views on pleasure, specifically in his work, "The Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle."
1,197 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the views of Aristotle on the experience of pleasure in the world. The paper specifically focuses on "The Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle" by Aristotle and discusses his views expressed in the work. The paper explains how pleasure for Aristotle is an aspect of human existence that guides action and can guide virtuous living.
From the Paper
"Moderation seems to be the stand of Aristotle on pleasure, somewhere in between the contrary idea of all pleasure being a bad thing for man and all pleasure being a good thing for man Aristotle hangs his idea of pleasure and pleasure seeking as a natural state of man seeking eudaimonia. If a man seeks pleasure that is derived form his own desire in a natural state he is seeking pleasure that is necessary for the completion of a virtuous life. If a man seeks pleasure from an unnatural state, such as in the state of illness he is seeking pleasure for un-virtuous reasons and therefore such acts and emotions cannot be considered pleasure."
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Truth, Goodness and the Character of God, 2008.
An analysis of the character of God in western culture.
1,375 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the God of Judeo-Christian culture in terms of the concepts of truth and goodness. The paper points out that this is a critical God, who monitors human thought and activity, rewards good behavior and punishes bad. It also discusses the belief that this omniscient and omnipotent God demands our undivided allegiance. The paper concludes that any inventory of the hard plight of man throughout human history would suggest that either a just God of the type envisioned in Western culture does not exist or that God exists, but not necessarily a God of goodness at all.
Outline:
Introduction
God and Truth
God and Goodness
From the Paper
"However, even in discussing as profound a topic as the character of God, I believe that our beliefs - even concerning God - must be logically consistent. In that regard, the notion that "everything happens for a reason" is not logically consistent. If God is good, and to whatever extent God desires goodness for human beings, God could either choose to remain entirely uninvolved in human affairs or God could choose to intervene on our behalf. If God chooses to remain completely uninvolved in human affairs, then the concept of things happening "for a reason" is nonsensical, because God neither acts nor intervenes on our behalf at all."
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The Love Theme, 2008.
This paper discusses the love theme in the poems "Variation on the Word Sleep" by Margaret Atwood and Al Purdy's "Alive or Not".
1,644 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that love is, not surprisingly, one of the most frequent themes in all literary creations and especially in poetry. The writer points out that throughout the centuries, love has been represented in many different ways in poetry, according to the specific aspect that the poets were trying to communicate. The writer then notes that the two poems, 'Variation on the Word Sleep' by Margaret Atwood and 'Alive or Not' by Al Purdy appear to be dissimilar at a first glance, but, upon a more profound examination, the poems reveal a few common elements. While love is certainly the theme of both poems, it somehow seems to elude the reader at first. This is because the poems are somehow atypical: They seem to avoid the intensity of the actual feeling of love and focus on the representation of two dream sequences instead. The writer notes that Atwood's poem translates the author's wish to plunge into the dream of her lover, while Purdy's text relates a bizarre dream in which he is trying to save his wife from an accident. The writer maintains that both poems offer thus a different perspective on love from inside the dream, which focuses on its haunting power, and the way the feeling travels to the subconscious.
From the Paper
"It is evident though that the poem is not merely about sleeping and dreaming. The same is with Purdy's text which is in fact an account of an odd dream. Love is not mentioned in any way, but it is inherent in both poems. Atwood thus speaks about her wish to descend into her lover's sleep, that is, to dive deeply into his subconscious and meet his greatest fear and his greatest grief.
"This is certainly a different way of approaching the theme of love. Here, the union between the two lovers is not an ecstatic feeling, but a submerged, deep sensation. The imagery of the poem is quite very evocative and the tone is rather slumberous and heavy. The scenery depicted recalls a fairytale atmosphere, typical of dreams. The silver branch, the white flower, the boat, the stairway or the three moons are all symbolic dream-elements, signifying the journey or the descent into the dark subconscious state."
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Existentialism in Modern Education, 2008.
This paper discusses the application of an existential philosophical point of view to the role and methods of the modern educational process.
1,583 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that while only a small percentage of students study existentialist philosophy in a formal sense, all students can benefit from an educational environment that incorporates elements of its point of view. The paper explains the primary purpose of the modern educational system and how a more existential approach to education would encourage students to use their educational opportunities to identify their true talents and most genuine academic and life interests. The paper then focuses on the role of the existential educator.
Outline:
Existential Philosophy in Education
Existential Values and Benefits in Education
The Role of the Educator
From the Paper
"Applying existentialism to modern education differs from many other types of suggestions for changes to educational philosophy in that it pertains almost exclusively to the motivational component rather than to any operational or mechanical aspect of teaching. Furthermore, because it relates exclusively to motivation for learning, the existential approach to education is equally applicable to virtually every subject and to all types of instructional methodologies."
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An Analysis of "Reaching Out" by Henri Nouwen, 2008.
A brief summary and analysis of Henri Nouwen's book, "Reaching Out".
1,012 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper offers a review of the book "Reaching Out" by Henri Nouwen in which he argues that spirituality does not depend on physical gratification or by being around people, but relies on the solace of the heart to bring about serenity; and eventually, the deep peace of solitude. The writer also provides an example of how he was able to relate to Nouwen's book in his private life and suggests some changes that he would make in writing it.
Outline:
Abstract
Concrete Responses
Reflection
Action
From the Paper
"One example of how I can relate to this book is directly related to how I pray and how it affects me on a daily basis. When Nouwen defines the discipline of prayer on a daily basis (134), I was immediately aware of my own prayer habits. For instance, when I had forgotten to pray for about a week last month, I began to feel that very same loneliness that made me feel separate and isolated from society. My week went well, but there was this undercurrent of negativity that made me feel as if I was the only one suffering, or that I was the alone in the world. This forced me to realize that I needed to pray every day to and to come in contact with my higher power (God) to realize my own place in society. The inner feeling of warmth began to return as I began to pray on the following week, and the feeling of loneliness subsided. Two or three days into my prayer, the feeling of solitude began to return, making me feel like I could go out and be socially hospitable to my friends and family. This aspect of the book helped me to understand that I am only as spiritual by the level of discipline in my prayer habits. By creating a discipline to pray every day (once or twice a day is good for me) I can feel the connectedness that Nouwen mentions through understanding solitude, community interaction, and the premise of prayer as a contact with a power greater than myself."
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Greek and Roman Philosophy, 2008.
This paper studies the issue of Greek and Roman philosophy and the attempt to give meaning to life.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that philosophy was created by the Greeks as a way of delving into many of the questions about life and the relationship of the individual to the rest of the world. The writer also explains that the philosopher asked about the meaning of life and offered answers to how that meaning could be found. The writer notes that one aspect of philosophical inquiry was intended to help understand the meaning of life and to explain the value of philosophical inquiry itself to understand the meaning of life. The writer concludes that philosophers ever since the beginnings of philosophy in the Greek world have considered how to give meaning to life and what aspects of life are most important in making that determination.
From the Paper
"One of the key issues in philosophy is what constitutes a moral life, which entails questions of the meaning of happiness and its importance, the definition of moral character and its necessity, conflicts between the two elements, and the question of what other elements are necessary for living a good life.
"Happiness can be identified not as an element in living the good life but as the act of living the good life. Aristotle indicates this with reference to the issue of wisdom. For Aristotle, practical wisdom means knowledge concerning the good life and how to achieve it. In addition, for Aristotle the good life is the happy life, and everything that is good is good only as it leads to and is conducive to human happiness. Aristotle argues that not all ends are final ends, and some are the means to other ends. Yet there has to be a final end in sight or the process would be infinite and never reach the good, the chief good that is something final. There can be only one final end, and that is the end human beings are seeking. Identifying what this is requires a consideration of its nature and the nature of competing goals."
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Just War, 2008.
This paper looks at the concept of a just war from a theological point of view.
2,551 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that a major issue facing society has particular currency at the present time, and that is the problem of war and how to justify a given war as a just action. Indeed, from a theological point of view, the writer relates that the first issue is whether war is allowed at all and then whether a given war can be justified and on what basis. The writer points out that scriptural evidence on the issue is often contradictory and may be based on the historical factors prevailing at the time a particular passage was written. However, the writer maintains that there can also be seen a progression in thought as the needs of one era give way to a broader and more comprehensive view of the question.
Outline:
Introduction
Background
Old Testament Support
Conclusion
From the Paper
" In his writings from this time, pacifism would remain a central motif, an idea that he pioneered and for which he was proud to have been the instrument for bringing the idea into the open. The idea had first appeared in the western world among the teachings of the early Christians, and they had drawn the same conclusions from the teachings of Christ as did Erasmus. As the Roman world became Christianized, however, a different attitude toward the bearing of arms was developed in service of the Christian state, an idea that would be bolstered by St. Augustine, who developed a theory that a war to resist aggression or to enforce justice was not only permissible but was a Christian duty. The way enforcing justice was defined, though, nearly any war could be supported. St. Thomas Aquinas followed Augustine in promulgating rules for the just war and created guidelines as to what was just and unjust .."
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Social Justice, 2008.
A comparison of John Stuart Mill, Karl Marx and Plato on social justice.
1,247 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Plato's concept of social justice consisted of individual virtue as well as that quality which makes a society good, harmonious and productive. It then looks at how both Mill and Marx borrowed elements of Plato's thought in developing their own versions of social justice. In addition, the paper examines how Marx essentially believed that the cause of all social and economic inequality was the capitalist system and how social justice could only come about though the overthrow of that system. In comparison, the paper looks at how Mill provided practical principles of social justice that demonstrate just how social justice can be compatible with political freedom.
From the Paper
"Marx believed that capitalism is the source of inequality since the division of classes creates a gulf between rich and poor, as well as between workers and the owners of the means of production. Capitalism comprises both an economic and political structure which determines the distribution of wealth. Marx viewed the principle of justice as distributive and as based in individual need. In the Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels (1) stated that all social classes over history are involved in a struggle "that each time ended, either in a revolutionary reconstitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes". The means to achieve social justice is through revolution or radical transformation of all economic institutions along with the existing social and political system. "
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Confucianism and Christianity, 2008.
A comparative analysis of the beliefs of Confucianism and Christianity.
1,398 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at Confucianism with an eye towards comparing it to the western world's greatest contribution to global moral philosophy: Christianity. It discusses how Confucianism is a humanistic and highly rational philosophy that eschews faith in favor of reason and how it also views heaven in a much more nuanced way than Christianity, preferring to see in it many things. The paper argues that Confucianism subordinates the individual to a rigorous form of ethical reasoning that is not wholly dissimilar to Platonism whereas Christianity seeks the subordination of the individual to God above. In the end, Confucianism, whatever its shortcomings as a regulator of human conduct, can properly be called the antecedent to contemporary humanism in a way that Christianity, obviously, cannot.
From the Paper
"To begin with, Confucianism is about discerning a proper mode of conduct; in other words, it is about setting up a way of seeing and organizing the world that frustrates behavior that would do more harm to society than good. William Theodore de Bary writes that Confucianism holds out a vision of an ideal social order that emphasizes historic values over "fixed eternal verities" (Woo, 71+). More recently, Neo-Confucianism - a cross between traditional Confucianism and Buddhist thought (for a brief discussion of Neo-Confucianism's preoccupation with Buddhist philosophical strains, please see Woo, 71+) - has leaped to the forefront with an equally passionate plea for a well-ordered society founded upon good (moral) conduct that appears to have many of the same fundamental tenets as classic, archaic Confucianism. "
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Interventions Regarding the End of Life, 2008.
This paper discusses families' experiences in the withdrawal of life support in the intensive care unit.
1,552 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the decision to remove life-sustaining interventions in the intensive care unit (ICU) is a crucial event for persons responsible for end-of-life care decisions. Research into families' experiences with decisions to withdraw life sustaining interventions from a family member has indicated that the decisions made by the patient's immediate family can impact their perceptions and their psycho-social status. The writer discusses that appropriate educational and emotional support for families appears to improve their level of comfort regarding end-of-life decision-making and can facilitate the quality of the family's experience when dealing with difficult choices for a loved one. However, the literature in these areas demonstrates incongruity regarding how to best affect positive outlook among family members, and also the type of educational information needed and the methods required to deliver it. The writer therefore seeks to clarify which strategies are most effective in promoting a positive family experience when immediate family members make end-of-life decisions for a loved one receiving clinical health services.
Outline:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem and Purpose
Literature Review
Research Question
Hypotheses
Theoretical Framework
Hypothesis 1
Hypothesis 2
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Making decisions related to the withdrawal of life support in the ICU is one of the most demanding experiences the family will ever face. Nurses play a key role in the effectiveness of the decision making process and it is their understanding of the stages involved in that process which can determine the quality of the outcome. As McHale Wiegand maintains, as more families become involved in end-of-life decisions, it is essential that current research be assessed, the gaps in knowledge be identified, and that new directions for ongoing research should be established. Little is actually known about the interaction of nurses with families in this situation; what is certain is that the interaction is not uniform and that nurses need to realize what will be most effective with families who are experiencing high levels of stress."
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