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Thermodynamics, 2007.
A look at thermodynamic principles and how they can be used as a guide to explain living systems.
1,685 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper contends that thermodynamics can be used as a guide to explain living systems because living systems are simply a manifestation of components of non-living systems, with atoms, elements and an injection of micro-electricity guiding the process. The author points out that this relatively simple assumption has guided years of research and allows scientists to create explanations, which employ thermodynamics to define the development and more importantly the creation of life. The paper relates that a conflict occurs when the biological systems lean in the direction of complexity, as all living systems do, and the human mind then falters in his or her ability to apply thermodynamic laws to living systems. The paper includes a formula and several long quotations.
From the Paper
"Within this driving force of potential complexity and also the inability of simple science to correct for unpredictability there is debate, the driving force of answers. Debate ensues among those who attempt to simplify matters into those which can be recreated and documented repeatable effects to create scientific truth and those who wish to make conjecture part of the scientific rule on this issue. Some would say that the groundhog example is explainable through science, and still others would contend that it is not the environment that determines the reality of the system, ..."
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Aswan High Dam, 2007.
An analysis of the pros and cons of the construction of the Aswan High Dam in Egypt.
1,395 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an examination of the Aswan High Dam in Egypt. The paper explores the history of the construction of the dam. It then examines its uses. Finally the paper looks at the benefits of the dam and its liabilities. The paper concludes that overall the pros outweigh the cons and that the Aswan High Dam is a valuable asset to Egyptian society.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Dam
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Aswan High Dam is one of the largest dams in the world and it provides a multitude of benefits to those who live in the surrounding area."
"The electricity it generates is clean, and does not contribute to air or environment pollution. It maintains the river to control flooding which allows the environment to grow and prosper without fear of destruction.
The problems it created while being constructed included the destruction of artifacts that were thousands of years old. In addition it flooded a nation and the entire population had to be moved with their lifestyles and history destroyed. When the pros and cons are weighed against each other the dam provides many benefits to society now and will continue to do so in the future."
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Quantum Tunneling, 2007.
An analysis of the theory and uses of quantum tunneling, specifically the Esaki diode.
2,194 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses quantum tunneling, which is a function of quantum-mechanical activity in the instance where a particle moves against potential energy and appears on the other side of the energy barrier. The paper describes the theory behind quantum tunneling. It focuses on the Esaki diode and looks at its potential uses now and in the future.
From the Paper
"While the Esaki diode has not been widely used, its application is nearing widespread use in computers. The diode circuits have been developed and crash programs have been implemented by major computer makers in order to apply it to communications equipment. Yet there still is resistance to the use of these phenomenal little circuits, where currents may be reversed. Some designers and engineers prefer transistors. Proven circuits and solid-state technology that is already acceptable seem to be sufficient, they say. But interest in the diode is so great that they are being forced to try to apply this not-so-new technology to obtain ultra-high speed and ultra-low power consumption in the computer industry. The diode phenomenon dominated 1960 Physics Conferences."
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Rights of Biological and Adoptive Parents, 2007.
This paper provides an examination of the rights of biological and adoptive parents.
2,951 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the adoption process is one that should not be entered into lightly and one that professionals should take great responsibility ethically in providing necessary services to the birth parents who are considering entering into an adoption proceeding. The inequity of adoption laws are historically noted in this work as well as the failure of the legal system in protecting the birth parent from suffering associated with denial of information as to her child's well being. It is the belief of the researcher that provisions for adult disclosure of birth parent information and identification should be inclusive in laws and regulations governing adoptions in order to protect the individual who has everything to lose, and specifically for protection of the birth parent.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Statement of Thesis
Literature Review
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The rights of the birthparents should be given the most weight in the adoption process as compared to the adoptive parents. While the adoptive parents have much to gain, the birthparents are those who have much to lose if the adoption process is not handled properly, ethically, according to prescribed laws, and responsively as to the psychological needs of the birthparents who are giving up their child for adoption. The intention of the birthparents who give up the child for adoption generally is one that is noble and is directly based upon a decision to allow the child the opportunity for a better life than the birthparent is able to provide. However, after the child has become an adult, the goal of adoption has been successfully concluded and there should be no reason whatsoever that the birthparent and child should be hidden from one another legally."
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The Manhattan Project, 2007.
A look at the historical development of the Manhattan Project.
1,485 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Manhattan Project, describing its historical development and the political and diplomatic relations which it entailed. The fear of the Nazi's developing an atom bomb is considered one of the motivating reasons for the US speeding up its nuclear fission program. The paper further mentions how the US shared or did not share its research with its allies. The paper then describes some technical aspects of the research. The actual deployment of the bomb is discussed and how it contributed to the Cold War between the US and USSR. The paper concludes with the negative consequences of the Manhattan Project, including the tremendous loss of life caused by detonating two atomic bombs.
From the Paper
"American research in the field of nuclear physics had been progressing in a rather unsystematic manner. The British were interested in finding out about the American work. To this aim, they did not hesitate in what including atomic information in the exchanges of technical information and scientific missions that were going on in the beginning of the 1940s. This interchange of scientific information was very important; proof of its importance is that face that one of the documents forwarded to the United States was the Thomson Committee Report. This document stated the feasibility of an atomic bomb and led to the British decision to become involved in such a project; also, it represented an important factor that influenced the U.S. follow the same path and become involved. This was followed by an offer issued in October, 1941 by President Roosevelt to Winston Churchill for cooperation in relation to the project. After the agreement, the next step in the evolution of the project was a division of labor."
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Energy, 2007.
An analysis of the methods in which energy forms and the various types of energy.
1,494 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the different types of forces that operate within this world and the many different methods in which energy forms. It specifically focuses on analyzing mechanical, chemical, atomic and nuclear energies. The paper then further groups energy into two broad general categories - kinetic energy or the energy of motion and potential energy or the energy of position. It analyzes these sub-categories of energy.
From the Paper
" The use of modern energy sources to supplement traditional energy supplies such as coal and oil have naturally turned to nuclear energy. In theory, nuclear energy is the most sustainable method of energy production available to our society. However, the implicit risk of a power plant meltdown and possibility of both nuclear explosion or radiation leakage prevents nuclear energy from becoming extremely mainstream. This is evidenced by the Chernobyl accident, in which hundreds of thousands of Russian civilians suffered and died at the hands of the worst nuclear accident in world history. The impact of Chernobyl is that it has caused a massive social stigma to be attached with the use and development of nuclear energy. Although it is currently still not as popular as traditional forms of energy, the eventual scarcity of resources will increase the popularity of nuclear power as a clear alternative."
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"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions"--A Review, 2007.
A review of Thomas Kuhn's influential book, "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions."
2,744 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews Thomas Kuhn's book about scientific advances entitled "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions." The paper focuses on several key elements and definitions in the work, with an emphasis on the concept of the scientific paradigm. The reviewer then discusses the role of paradigms in scientific revolutions, citing Kuhn's theory that revolutions appear when an old paradigm is substituted by a new one. Finally, the paper presents Kuhn's view of the past, present, evolution and future of science. The reviewer further describes Kuhn's view of the importance of crises in facilitating the evolution of science. The review concludes that Kuhn 's theory of paradigm and paradigm shifts gives a revolutionary description of scientific progress.
Outline:
Thomas Kuhn's Concept of Paradigm
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
The Past, Present, Evolution and Future of Science
Reference List
From the Paper
" First of all, Kuhn (1996) introduces the notion of "normal science", that is, according to him, the science that bases its research on previous research which is recognized as valid by a scientific community. (p.10) It is the structure of normal science that the book proposes to investigate. Furthermore, Kuhn (1996) argues that the most salient aspect of scientific evolution in time is the fact that science does not progress through leaps or through unrelated sets of investigations. On the contrary, scientific research is always conducted under a paradigm, or, to put it differently, all research is based on previous scientific data. The scientific paradigm can be defined as a certain common pattern in scientific research, or a certain set of accepted world views that are held as true for a period of time. The paradigm is thus a set of common beliefs about the world, based on past research. "
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Renewable Energy in the Middle East, 2007.
This paper discusses the potential use of renewable energy technologies in the buildings of Arabian Gulf Countries.
1,582 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that renewable energy is playing a large role in Middle Eastern countries' infrastructure building in the public and corporate realms. The paper discusses how solar and wind energy are at the core of their current interest in renewable energy, as such resources are available in the majority of the region. The paper concludes that the foundation of the Middle East region is as dependent upon the realization of a balanced energy system as is the rest of the world.
From the Paper
"In the literature regarding the Middle East and the utilization of renewable energy there is a great deal of evidence of interest and even application. This is despite the region's critical interest in fossil fuels as a resource for change, as oil has been for the last 20 or so years for some countries and longer for others. (Cordesman 1997) Over 80 percent of the natural oil reserves are found in the Middle East. (Borowitz 1999) It seems that renewable energy, and especially photovoltaic technology and wind energy, partly as outsiders have been a big part of modernization in many Middle Eastern nations as a result of relatively new found wealth, allowing infrastructure building in the public and corporate realms, and the historical fear of the potentially fatal rate of decline of oil reserves in any one region."
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Eco-Fuels, 2006.
A discussion regarding oil and possible alternative sources of energy.
1,443 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at oil as a finite energy source. The paper discusses the need to find alternate energy resources of both renewable and non renewable natures. The paper reviews the different sources currently available like hydropower, solar energy, thermal energy, nuclear energy, coal.
Outline:
Thesis Statement
Introduction
Background
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Alternatives: The drawbacks in bio diesels made environmentalist concentrate on cheap and easy to make eco fuels. Eco- fuels are touted as the free energy that is not only renewable but is also harmless for the environment as they do not cause any emissions. These eco fuels can generally be made and stored at home meaning that consumer just by incurring some cost on machines and systems can fulfill their energy needs. Today technology can be used to make convert simple products like turds into methane. Some of these technologies require only some efforts on consumers' parts as they are mostly do-it-yourself ventures. There are methods available that make use of hydrogen per oxide to increase the fuel efficiency of the engines of the vehicles. Not only vehicles can be run but using these eco fuels home heating and cooling and power production can also be done. Even alcohol can be used to heat up homes and to cook food. There are organizations and individuals working for the cause and they have developed different easy to implement techniques and methods to use cheap and easily available materials to fulfill different energy needs."
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Black Holes, 2007.
An analysis of the history and theory of the existence of black holes.
2,823 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the phenomenon of black holes and how the theory of the black hole evolved. It begins by defining black holes and providing a detailed history of them. The paper then discusses whether black holes are just a theory or not and it discusses the evidence that black holes exist even though they cannot be seen with the naked eye.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
What Are Black Holes?
History of Black Holes
Are Black Holes Just A Theory?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The authors further explain that at the Schwarzschild radius, the coefficient of the time interval in the Schwarzschild metric is zero (Hawley and Holcomb 1998). As a result, the time interval itself becomes infinite (Hawley and Holcomb 1998). Likewise, radial intervals decrease to zero, which is the definitive length contraction. These effects occur as a result of the choice of coordinates, and these coordinates are not ever absolute even as it relates to Newtonian physics. Nonetheless, the length contraction, time dilation, and other relativistic effects that are dependent upon the metric coefficients, are actual physical occurrences and can be calculated with the right type of instruments (Hawley and Holcomb 1998). In addition the gravitational field in the vicinity of the black hole is more significant at small radius than it is when it is at some distance away, and as a result light moving from near the object endures a gravitational redshift (Hawley and Holcomb 1998)."
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A Tendency toward God, 2007.
A discussion on Man's tendency to lean towards God or some other presence in this world.
1,041 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the natural tendency of human beings to lean towards God or some other force or presence in the world. The paper describes the infinite nature of God. It discusses this concept as it relates to the concepts expressed in quantum physics and then discusses it from the point of view of Christianity and spirituality.
From the Paper
"If God is Mind and infinite, there can be only one Mind. Human beings are turning to it all the time for good ideas. It is logical that human beings would sense and want to know intimately the source of their existence. Religions and rituals have sprung from this natural desire. I believe that all human beings wonder at one time or another about the nature of existence. Some have more confidence that they can eventually understand it than others do, and that accounts for those who seem disinterested. They may have given up, or they think and wonder about God rarely. Or they have come upon an explanation for existence that satisfies them, at least, superficially, but doesn't include a concept of Creator. Even so, these same disinterested people are sometimes "converted" as a result of experiencing God's presence, and they end up turning to a whole new way of life."
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Lunar Effects on Behavior, 2006.
A discussion regarding the influence of the moon on the earth.
1,084 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the influence of the moon on the earth and how it has fascinated mankind throughout history. According to the paper, prior to the present scientific age the moon was considered to have strange and occult powers that could influence human behavior and events in a multitude of different ways.
From the Paper
"The question therefore arises as to why certain behaviors have been ascribed to the phases and changes of the moon. The answer to this question in fact reveals the falsity of many lunar myths. One answer is that these myths have their origins in ancient folklore and legends that have been continued in various forms to the present time. For example, the myth about the way that the moon can influence human birth rates can be traced back to the ancient Assyrian and Babylonian beliefs which state that, "A woman is fertile according to the moon." (Carroll R. T. 2005) These views are therefore based on unsubstantiated and pre-scientific opinions of the world and nature and can therefore be seen in the same context as the belief that the world was flat and not round. "
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