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Why are so Few Women Participating in Politics, 2008.
An overview of women's participation in the world of politics.
2,338 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the issue of women participating in politics and argues that the suffragettes had it the wrong way around as the fact of women being able to vote did not suffice to bring about gender equity in society. This author explains the necessity to change society radically, from its ideological foundations upwards, which will result in an equalization of material conditions for the sexes, and in turn, manifest as equivalent levels of political participation.
From the Paper
"It is necessary to preface this argument with an important caveat, so that we are not working from a basis of simplistic over-generalizations. The first thing that should be borne in mind is that globally, levels of female participation vary. As noted by Oyewumi (2005):
The worldwide ... male dominance in all spheres of human endeavour is normally negatively correlated with women's participation in politics. The higher the level of male dominance in society, the lower women's participation in politics. Put another way, it is assumed that in any given society, the more equal ... women are to men, the greater their political participation, and the greater their political participation the more equal they are. (p. 1)
Oyewumi (2005) concedes that this is a chicken and egg situation, but argues that improved material conditions for women (such as more access to education) will lead to greater political participation. However, many societies in Africa still incorporate vast differences in material conditions for men and women. Accordingly, Oyewumi (2005) notes that the level of female participation in politics in Africa tends to be low, with some notable exceptions. While this provides the basis for a sociological or materialist explanation of low participation by women in politics in Africa, it fails to adequately account for the low participation of women in politics in the Global North. While full equality has yet to be achieved, the fact is that many doors are open to women, that were never open before. How then do we account for this apparent anomaly?"
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Politics and the Rome Olympics, 2008.
This paper discusses the politics involved in the 1960 Olympic Games held in Rome.
1,430 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the politics surrounding the 1960 Rome Olympics and examines how these externalities shaped the way in which history will remember the Games. The paper also looks at why the Games were so vitally important to Italy at the time - and why the Games, perhaps in a fashion unknown at the time, contributed to the burgeoning feminist movement. Finally, and most importantly, the paper looks at the role the Cold War played in making the 1960 Rome Games substantially different from any Olympic Games that had come before it. In particular, time is devoted to looking at how the Olympic Games of 1960 signaled to a mass American audience that the notion of automatic American superiority was no more; the medal haul of the Soviet Union that year was compelling proof of such. Ultimately, the 1960 Rome Olympics saw broader developments in the wider world reflected in significant changes on the medal podium.
From the Paper
"The 1960 Rome Olympics was significant, in part, because it underscored the position of Italy at the dawn of the 1960s. To wit, the country was awarded the 1960 Rome Olympics chiefly because of its economic progress since 1945 and because of its legitimate place as a member of the "Capitalist West;" there is also the general sense that the country was given the bauble of the Games because of its political progress since the end of the Second World War; as an addendum, it should be noted that the Games were very important to Italians, or at least to their leaders, inasmuch as the country struggled after the close of the Second World War with a reputation for being politically unstable and even "anarchic". From a purely economic stand-point, the 1960 Rome Olympics were important to Italy because the country, whatever economic gains it had made in the previous 15 years, was still woefully dependent upon tourism."
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Privatization of Water, 2008.
Compares and contrasts two articles on the privatization of water: Water Is a Human Right" by the Council of Canadians' Blue Planet Project and Joshua Ortega's "Water Wars: Bottling up the World's Supply of H2O".
1,058 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer looks at the articles "Water Is a Human Right" by the Council of Canadians' Blue Planet Project and "Water Wars: Bottling up the World's Supply of H2O" by Joshua Ortega. The writer notes that the two articles share a common theme: that the privatization of drinking water resources is harmful and dangerous. The writer discusses that authors differ, however in how they appeal to readers, the techniques employed to create common ground with their audience, the political/economic philosophy employed and solutions suggested.
From the Paper
"Ortega also uses an analogy between the oil crisis and an impending water crisis. He attempts to frighten readers that future wars over water will be far worse than today's over oil. He refers to the scandal-ridden former energy corporation Enron several times. Neither author acknowledges opposing points of view. It could be suggested that governments can regulate privatized water companies or that competition among such companies could lead to more and cheaper water - the idea behind free market capitalism.
"The authors differ in the techniques used to promote reader action. Ortega suggests a set of primarily feel good options for American consumers - all within the context of America's democratic process. The C.C. speaks to what organizations can achieve than what individuals can do."
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The EU and the European Central Bank, 2008.
This paper examines the implications of the Euro in respect to monetary policy in Europe.
2,027 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the EU's success at integrating monetary policy through the European Central Bank (ECB) as well as economically within the context of a single currency. The paper explains how the Euro has been not only functional, but effective at stabilizing macroeconomic forces within the EU and enabling the EU to approach the international community as a unified force. The paper also looks at the impediments to further economic and political integration of the EU model and concludes that the EU has performed fairly well in an often fractious environment.
Outline:
Overview
The EU and the European Central Bank
EU Monetary Policy
Exchange Rates
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The European Union (EU) has, since its inception, fostered much debate regarding its ultimate success at integrating monetary policy through the European Central Bank (ECB) as well as economically within the context of a single currency. Yet, despite all the debate, the EU finds itself not only functioning but expanding: "European Union enlarges from 15 to 25 members and tries to write itself a first-ever European constitution" (Dale, 2003, para.2). The EU as a political and economic model has its conception in the Maastricht Treaty of 1992 when a union of European states was formalized into the EU; however, the idea of a unified Europe has its roots in the period following World War II when a cohesive European Community was sought to aid in recovery (Harrop, 1998)."
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The Functional Purpose for Racism in Society, 2008.
An argument that there is no functional purpose for racism in a civilized society, contradictory to Jefferey Reiman's views in Frances Henry and Carol Tator's "The Colour of Democracy: Racism in Canadian Society."
955 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Marxist-functionalist perspective that racism serves to reinforce and organize social structures of societal control. It looks at Jefferey Reiman's views as expressed in Frances Henry and Carol Tator's "The Colour of Democracy: Racism in Canadian Society." The paper argues that Reiman is incorrect and that there is no functional purpose of racism in a civilized society, but rather that racism is destructive in a free and democratic societal framework.
From the Paper
"Functionalism does have some useful insights to offer. While all behaviour is not caused by social structures, much of human behaviour is influenced by social structures. However, this does not mean we should accept racism. Rather, it is all the more reason to reject it. The more we can change to a society that is not built on racism, the more individual people will not become racists. And the fewer racists there are, the less pain and suffering will be caused by racist actions and statements. Therefore, we should be looking for social structures that perpetuate or create racism, and trying to change them. We should not assume that it is all for the best. That is a simplistic assumption. It is also contrary to the human quest of trying to improve things. Anyone can see that we do not have a perfect society. If someone is a functionalist, they will assume that social structures cause this imperfection. From that point, instead of accepting the imperfections, we should look for ways to remove them - not to accept and justify them."
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Racism and the Judicial Process, 2008.
This paper argues that the judicial process does not result in racial discrimination.
1,033 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the argument that the judicial process is to blame for the large percentage of African-American prison inmates in the USA. The writer argues against the idea that the large number of African Americans in jail is due to racism in the judicial system. The writer maintains that it is not the judicial process that is to blame. The writer concludes that it seems likely that more African Americans are arrested and later put in prison simply because more African Americans commit serious crimes.
From the Paper
"It supports the argument that more African-Americans are arrested and put in jail simply because they commit more serious crimes. It cannot be because of bias at the arrest stage, because the data shows that African-Americans are less likely to be arrested. It is of course possible that African-Americans are discriminated against later in the judicial process - for example, at the sentencing stage. However, we can conclude that their race does not make them more likely to be arrested in the first place, at least in the three crimes of rape, robbery and assault. D'Alessio and Stolzenberg sum it up as follows .. "
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"1984" and Today, 2008.
This paper explains the relevance of George Orwell's "1984" to contemporary politics.
1,452 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at Orwell's description of an ongoing moral looseness; a determination to carry out orders without regard for human life. The paper then discusses how Sudanese militias are murdering refugees in the name of their nation and their faith and American soldiers behave as sadistic monsters. The paper emphasizes how in the twentieth century, George Orwell's "1984" continues to function as a blueprint for ideological evil.
From the Paper
"First published in 1949, George Orwell's 1984 continues to function as a blueprint for ideological evil. The monstrousness of Stalinism and Nazism, which in Orwell's day were very active political disasters, fuelled the author's insights. Since World War II, the terrors of spastic ideology and hyper-violent complacency occur in many effective dystopian novels (such as Burgess' seminal A Clockwork Orange)but what sets 1984 above Burgess' book is its comprehensive understanding of the moral failure implicit in any totalitarian state; from the intimate nature of Winston Smith's brainwashing in Room 101, to his interrogator's demands for a belief that suits Big Brother, the reader gets a full understanding of how tyrants shape the thinking of a populace through Doublethink."
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Locke and Government, 2008.
This paper looks at John Locke's concept of government as a trust.
943 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how John Locke conceives of government as a trustee, exercising power for the benefit of the society in general. The paper discusses Locke's "Second Treatise on Government" and how a critical requirement of goverment for Locke is that the power of government can never extend farther than the common good, and to be directed to no ends but the peace, safety, and good of the people. The paper concludes that Locke set the foundation for much of the political theory of western democracies.
From the Paper
"A trust is a legal arrangement under which one person (or entity), a trustee, exercises power over property for the benefit of someone else, the beneficiary. This power must be exercised for the benefit of the beneficiary in keeping with the concept of fiduciary duty (Black, 1680). John Locke envisioned government as a trustee for the benefit of society.
"As he explains in the Second Treatise on Government, beginning in chapter 9, entitled "Of the Ends of Political Society and Government," the individual gives up the rights he has in the state of nature in order to enjoy the security of a governed society. In the state of nature, "he be absolute lord of his own person and possessions, equal to the greatest, and subject to no body" (ch 9, 123), but "the enjoyment of [this freedom] is very uncertain, and constantly exposed to the invasion of others" (ch. 9, 123). To gain the benefits of order, he will give up his freedom, but only so that he can improve his condition."
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John Locke's "Second Treatise on Government", 2008.
A look at how John Locke expresses his belief in "Second Treatise on Government" that the English did the right thing in replacing the reigning monarch, James II, with William of Orange.
865 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that John Locke wrote the Second Treatise on Government at a difficult time in English history - when the English had just driven out the reigning monarch, James II, replacing him with William of Orange in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The paper further relates that while prominent political theorist decried this as a violation of the divine right to kings, Locke believed that the English had done the right thing and set out to prove this view. The paper then looks at how Locke expresses this belief in his "Second Treatise on Government".
From the Paper
"An individual's body is property belonging only to that individual. Anything that the individual removes from the state of nature by the labor of the individual's own he invests with labor by the very act of removing the thing from the state of nature. In doing so, the individual makes it his own property, appropriating it exclusively to himself. The labor which the individual invests in goods in taking them from the state of nature makes that the individual's property. Whatever he takes out of a natural state is improved by taking it out of the natural state."
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Draft for the War in Iraq, 2008.
An analysis of why the American public will not support a draft for the War in Iraq.
1,176 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history of the draft to the United States' Army. It particularly focuses on how the draft became an issue of debate in 2004 with regards to the War in Iraq. The paper discusses the reasons that the American public is failing to support the military presence in Iraq and how this public opinion affects whether or not there will be a draft for the present war.
From the Paper
"Vennochi (2006) states "either this war is worth every citizen's effort, or it's not worth any soldier's life" (para. 15). Through this statement it is evident that as a nation the people must support the troops by all means possible if there is ever to be an end to the conflict that took the lives of those on 9-11 and will, as promised, take greater numbers of Americans, if America does not act aggressively. Therefore, while public opinion may not support the reinstatement of the draft and support for the troops would be even less likely if a draft became a reality once again, the fact that a draft is needed at this time is significantly evident."
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Gun Control in America, 2008.
This paper discusses why gun control is needed in America.
1,944 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer argues that the nation's gun laws need to be modified in such a way that those with mental debilities cannot access firearms - while at the same time ensuring that law-abiding citizens can still purchase guns for their own protection (and for the protection of their family) as long as they follow proper procedure. The writer further asserts that, if these things are done, there is every hope that future tragedies like the one at Virginia Tech can to be avoided.
From the Paper
"Significantly, the U.S. Department of State proudly reminds visitors to its official web site that crimes involving rape, sexual assault, aggravated assault, burglary, and motor vehicle theft have all dropped fairly precipitously since the early 1990s; in fact, Americans of every racial and ethnic affiliation, as well as Americans of every socio-economic level, are less likely to be victims of crime today than they were a decade-plus ago. Adding to the good news, the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) has shown remarkable progress in the realm of violent crime; to wit, since 1994, the UCR has recorded a decline of more than one-third in violent crime across America. As one last point, the Bureau of Justice Statistics released a cross-national study in 2004 that indicated how America, rather shockingly, now has the same level of crime as relatively placid nations like England and Wales. By most every conceivable measurement, America is a safer nation today than it has been at most any time in its recent past."
"So why then, with this shower of good news, is gun control such an issue of pressing importance? The simple reason is that America has been forced to come to grips with a series of terrifying mass-shootings - shootings that have, far too often, taken place on college, university, high school or even elementary school campuses."
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Fast Track Trade Legislation, 2008.
This paper discusses fast track trade legislation and its relationship to other foreign trade issues.
1,535 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that fast track trade legislation in the US is the process by which the President can introduce legislation to Congress involving trade agreements with foreign countries. The author points out that this type of legislation is unique in that there is a time limit on any debate and that the legislation must either be passed without modification or rejected altogether. The paper relates that the justification for fast track legislation is that it expedites trade negotiations with other countries but still allows congressional oversight. The author presents the issues of globalization, natural resource depletion, labor organizations and poverty in relationship to fast track free trade legislation.
From the Paper
"Labor organizations oppose free trade because it can mean a loss of jobs in certain sectors of the U.S. economy. The increase in globalization has also given rise to a large number of U.S. firms relocating production processes to other countries to benefit from cheaper labor costs. Labor intensive industries such as manufacturing and textiles have almost entirely left the United States. While American consumers as a whole benefit from lower prices for these goods when they are imported back to the United States workers who have lost their jobs may have a hard time finding new employment."
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