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The United States Supreme Court, 2008.
This paper examines the United States Supreme Court, looking into its history and procedures.
1,248 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer provides the background to the U.S. Supreme Court through a brief history of the Court. In addition, the writer presents an explanation as to how cases from trial court work their way up to the Supreme Court for review. The writer notes that both topics are rich with layers of complexity and for the purposes of this paper, an overview of the history and process of the Supreme Court is provided.
From the Paper
"Additional restrictions on appeals to the Supreme Court include some of the general restrictions applied to all appellate review. For example, appeals are restricted to losing parties, questions of law to be addressed must have been raised during trial court, and time restrictions exist in permitting the filing of an appeal.
"Once a case successfully reaches the Supreme Court docket, a lengthy review process begins which can take as long as three years to complete. Once the process is completed, the Supreme Court issues a number of opinions representing the different views held by the justices following the review process. The opinion most widely shared amongst the majority (the majority opinion) represents the final decision of the Supreme Court. "
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Equal Justice under Law, 2008.
This paper discusses law and justice in the US, focusing on the US Supreme Court.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explores the origins and history of the Supreme Court of the United States. The writer traces the early role of the court in the course of the development of the country. The writer notes that the Court is not without controversy, and decisions made have come to be symbolic of the wrongs of society, and the correction of these mistakes demonstrates the ability of the court to adapt and lead modern thinking. Finally the requirements of how a case is brought before the Court are discussed.
From the Paper
"In the constitutional scheme developed nearly two hundred and thirty years ago, the judiciary was established as one of the three co-equal branches of the federal government. Yet, Article III of the Constitution is surprisingly brief as to the establishment of the structure, duties and make up of a very powerful branch of the government. The court has been left largely to its own devices as how it conducts its affairs and what cases it chooses to hear, given the charge of original jurisdiction over a very few cases, the Supreme Court has become an institution equated with the preservation of civil liberties in our modern society. The history of the Supreme Court is the history of the United States and its struggle to maintain the Republic through a wide variety of challenges and crisis. A focus of political angst and a vestige of last hope for the oppressed members of society, whose imperfect judgment has stood the test of time, and corrected its past errors. With little Constitutional direction, this body has shaped modern society."
"The Supreme Court of the United States has jurisdiction over cases involving Ambassadors and other public ministers, cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdictions, controversies between two or more states, between the state and a citizen of another state and appellate jurisdiction over lower courts."
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The Federal Reserve and the Depression, 2008.
This paper considers the degree to which the Federal Reserve can be blamed for causing the Great Depression.
4,172 words (approx. 16.7 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 111.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the four key events that the Federal Reserve had to confront during the Great Depression: the Stock Market collapse, the failure of the banks, Britain's abandonment of the gold standard and the Federal Reserve's large scale open-market purchases. The paper looks at Milton Friedman and Anna Schwartz's account "The Great Contraction," that contends that the Federal Reserve failed to expand the money stock in the face of the Depression and in doing so aggravated the situation. The paper also discusses how some of the failure of the Federal Reserve can be blamed on the radical changes in the American economy and its government brought about by the Depression. Finally, the paper looks at a defense of the Federal Reserve's actions.
From the Paper
"During the period 1929 through 1932, the Federal Reserve confronted a series of economic crisis, and an assessment of its actions during this period turns on the interpretation given to its responses to these crises. In the fall of 1929, the Stock Market plummeted. In the fall of 1930, banks throughout the nation failed, climaxing in the collapse of the Bank of the United States. In the fall of 1931, Britain abandoned the gold standard. In April 1932, the Federal Reserve undertook large scale open-market purchases."
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Exploring Space: Is It Too Expensive?, 2008.
This paper looks at the benefits vis-a-vis the financial burden posed by the United States' space program.
1,033 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the United States' space program is a heavy financial burden on the economy and on taxpayers' money. The paper looks at the perceived benefits of exploring space and concludes that the program should only be continued if the costs can be reduced.
Outline:
The Pros and Cons of the Space Program
The United States Deficit and Its Growth
If the Cost of Space Exploration Could be Reduced, it May be Worthwhile
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The desire to explore space was fueled by the "Cold War" between the USSR and the United States. In the 1940s the very real fear existed that the USSR would use its atomic bombs to attack the U.S., therefore, the race was on to determine how to spy on the enemy through a covert, anonymous method. A Navy balloon project was launched in the 1950s equipped with a "1,400-pound camera package, so that it could take aerial photographs, while floating over the Soviet Union" (Rentmeester 40). Meanwhile, in 1957, the Soviets launched the first satellite into space, Sputnik, and the U.S. followed with a reconnaissance package that replaced the bulky camera on the balloon to a highly developed optics system and a satellite to place it on (Rentmeester 41). Therefore, the space race began, and ultimately the United States became the first nation to place a man on the moon in 1969 (Washington Times D04)."
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Intelligence Community Reforms, 2008.
A look at the 9/11 Commission and the the Intelligence Reform and Terrorist Prevention Act (IRTPA).
3,331 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how identifying and analyzing the 9/11 Commission's comprehensive recommendations for reforming the intelligence community indicates that the Commission was justifiably and deeply concerned about the failure of America's intelligence community to prevent the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on New York City and Washington D.C. It looks at how these concerns have led to the implementation of intelligence community reforms which are analyzed throughout the paper.
From the Paper
"Comparing and contrasting the 9/11 Commission recommendations with the IRTPA reveals that the IRTPA will improve the FBI's capabilities against international terrorism by enacting into law the 9-11 Commission's recommendations regarding FBI reforms relevant to counterterrorism. These capabilities were expanded because the 9-11 Commission determined that although the FBI had significantly improved its counterterrorism capabilities between 2001 and 2004, further improvement was necessary, particularly in FBI field offices, "for language and surveillance specialists were not well integrated into the FBI's intelligence program, and that analysts were sometimes underutilized." (Jacobson, 2004) "
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Illegal Immigration, 2008.
Looks at the problem of immigration, especially illegal immigration in the United States.
2,385 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that immigration has changed the face of America more than any other event in American history. The author points out how immigration, especially illegal immigration, has negatively affected the working lower class. The paper contends that limited immigration is better than completely opening American borders and is better than trying to completely close them. An annotated bibliography is included with the paper.
Outline:
Impact of Illegal Immigration
Political Debates do not include the Real Issues
Difficulty Finding Monetary Assistance
High Cost of Housing
Open Door Borders
Disservice to American Citizens
Education System in a Crisis
Identity Theft and Fake Documentation
Illegal Immigrants and Drug Trafficking
Are the Two Equally Bad?
Mexico Letting Its Citizens Leave with Encouragement
Money for Mexico through Illegal Immigration and Drug Trafficking
Minority Elected Representatives
Between a Rock and a Hard Place
Moral Choices
There are no Easy Solutions
Moral Choices
Exodus of Jobs
Moderation and Fairness
From the Paper
"Immigrants live differently than American low income families. They house four or five adults in a small apartment and share the rent without concern to cramped living quarters and bleak conditions. Immigrants pool their resources so that they can easily manage the high cost of living in America. As a result, landlords increase the rent because the supply is being filled by immigrants. Low income families who have one or two wage earners with wages of eight, nine or ten dollars find it increasingly difficult to compete with immigrants who have four or five adult incomes contributing."
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Rural Health Care, 2008.
A close look at the health disparities present in rural communities in the United States.
1,367 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper explores why poor individuals in rural areas in the US have great health disparities and have a high incidence of not receiving health care at all. The paper attributes this to limited access to care, language barriers, lack of education on health care and lack of communication technologies. The paper emphasizes that this is a population that primarily does not have health insurance, does not receive Medicare or Medicaid and has no means of receiving emergency room treatment if it were needed. The paper concludes that the only solution at this time appears to be to mandate federal funding for rural health care programs.
From the Paper
"The United States government relays that there are an estimated 45 million people in the United States that do not have health insurance (Desoto, Hofer & Tajalli, 2005, p. 67). This is primarily due to the high cost of health care and the continued decline in the number of employers that offer partial or full health care benefits to their workers. Of this population there are the working poor, who do not make a wage that is capable of supporting members of the household and cause those within the family to not be capable of affording health care at all. This is true of individuals in both urban and rural areas (Heirich, 1998, p. 3)."
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Terrorism and Bin Laden, 2008.
A critical review of Peter Bergen's work "Holy War, Inc." that provides an understanding of terrorism and bin Laden as a terrorist leader.
3,113 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the many arguments for and against the validity of Bergen's "Holy War, Inc.". The paper shows how, although Bergen is capable of supporting his thesis in the book, his political views adversely affect the overall scope of the book, because they impact the author's final determination of how terrorism can be overcome in the modern world. The paper is of the opinion that despite its limitations, Bergen's work is essential reading for anyone who desires an insight into terrorism and bin Laden.
From the Paper
"Bergen's (2001) work reflects the results of extensive in-depth investigation of Osama bin Laden and al Queda, the leading terrorist threat to the United States. Bergen (2001) a journalist and producer, formerly with CNN and ABC, had the opportunity of continually gathering information and learning about the terrorist organization and its leader for his work. Additionally, as bin Laden continued to become more powerful as a terrorist leader, bin Laden wanted to spread his anti-American message throughout the world, specifically targeting the global Muslim community to gain support for his endeavors. Bin Laden believed that using CNN as a pulpit for his views was the most effective manner in accomplishing his goals, and therefore, Bergen (2001) was capable of not only obtaining information that most Americans are not privy to, he was capable of talking with bin Laden personally and sharing this experience with the world at bin Laden's request."
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What it Means to be English, 2008.
This essay is an analysis of the idea of "Englishness", as discussed through policy, society and literature in Great Britain throughout history.
3,134 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the development of England as a national entity which paralleled the development of ideas of "Englishness", of what constituted British society and the British soul, often contrasted with what was not English. This paper states that the idea of what constitutes England and Englishness can be traced through historical shifts as England developed as a unique entity. Furthermore, this idea can be considered in terms of political and social commentary from different ages, the literature of the time that reflected the same ideas, and the way these ideas helped form the Britain of today.
From the Paper
"Certainly, the image created in the poem is of a society in disarray, but it is also a society where the truth can be found, where there are institutions dedicated to assuring that the truth is revealed, and that is a society where there is a good element as well as a bad. The sense of the poem is really that in spite of the lapses at the top, the run-of-the-mill people like the ploughman see the truth and uphold the values of society and of the church, or at least attempt to do so. In this aspect of the work, the poet shows a connection to long-standing traditions that indeed suggest that "The more things change, the more they remain the same." England by this time was established as a political entity, a social construct, and a developing philosophy based on Christian principles married to many of the ideas of chivalry offered first by the French and then adapted to the British experience."
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Rabindranath Tagore, 2008.
This essay is an analysis on the life of Rabindranath Tagore and discusses the man as both an artist and a political activist in India.
970 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This essay is an analysis on the life of Rabindranath Tagore, a Bengali who had a privileged upbringing in Britain, but who loved his native land. The essay describes Tagore as being primarily known as a multitalented artist - a novelist, essayist, philosopher, poet, Nobel Prize winner, song-writer and singer, playwright and actor. However, he was frequently distracted from artistic creativity due to his concerns about the realities and problems of life in India. This essay argues that to truly appreciate Tagore, it is necessary to go beyond his artistic oeuvre. Instead, it recognizes that Tagore also made an important contribution through his political message, and it argues that his anti-nationalism message is entirely relevant to important modern day problems.
From the Paper
"The non-literary achievements of Tagore may be seen as deriving primarily from his grasp of the poverty of the concept of nationalism. Quayum explains that Tagore perceived the poverty of the notion of nationalism, despite the fact that the notion attracts so many fervent followers. Crucially, Tagore saw that this notion grew out of 'the post-religious laboratory of industrial-capitalism' (Quayam 3), and its problems derive directly from this inauspicious origin. Reflecting this origin, nationalism is, in Tagore's words, an 'organization of politics and commerce' that brings 'harvests of wealth' due to the operation of greed, power and selfishness (Quayam 3). The problem is that nationalism on the one hand impoverishes our souls and cuts us off from our common humanity - and on the other hand, is the direct inspiration for much of the suffering in our world..."
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Care Management and Case Management, 2008.
This paper discusses current challenges in the healthcare system and offers case management and care management as a path to the solution.
1,123 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This essay states that the greatest challenges in the healthcare system currently consist of controlling costs, improving clinical outcomes, and ensuring quality care. Barriers to those goals include the nursing shortage, a rapidly aging population, competition, and reduced government reimbursement. This article addresses the most problematic issues in healthcare today but offers direction for their solutions rather than facile solutions. The paper goes on to claim that the overwhelming question for the current healthcare system presently concerns how to improve quality while reducing costs. Case management and care management are two valuable strategies which can control costs while improving clinical outcomes and ensuring quality care.
Outline:
Introduction
Rationale
Case Management vs. Care Management
Attempts for Quality
Journal Selected for Submission
From the Paper
"The current nursing shortage appears to be intractable. Recent government downsizing and cutbacks have been followed by reduced funding for the healthcare system that is about to be overwhelmed by the baby boom generation. Never have there been so many obstacles to cost-effective, quality care. Two choices are available: case management and care management, with the latter actually being the common alternative. High-risk patients need individual case management but the vast majority of patients require some form of care management (Doyle et al., 2003). Care management is evidence-based practice since such practice is an essential element in clinical pathways and protocols. Even though standard pathways are used, stringent pathways are being eliminated since evidence-based protocols and guidelines are becoming the norm."
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The Federal Reserve System and Monetary Policy, 2008.
This paper presents a critical review of the Federal Reserve System and its policies from 1951 to the present.
3,692 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a thorough analysis of monetary policy while concentrating on the role of the Federal Reserve System. The paper looks at the instruments used by the Federal Reserve System, the performance metrics in relation to the business environment and the role of monetary policy within the macroeconomic framework. The paper also analyzes the role of money when achieving economic objectives such as economic growth, controllable inflation and low unemployment rates.
Outline:
Introduction
The Money Creation Process
A Description of Monetary Policy
Federal Reserve System: 1970s and 1980s
Federal Reserve System: 1990s and Beyond
Monetary Policy Efficiency
Federal Reserve System Performance: Monetary Policy Vs. Fiscal Policy
From the Paper
"After WWII, Milton Friedman wrote a seminal work on the Quantity Theory of Money that used past research to show the linkage between money and hyperinflation. Similarly, it became clear to many analysts and economists that the role of the Federal Reserve System was more expansive, as there were efforts to measure and analyzes the growth of money stocks. As the Federal Reserve Bank acts as the bankers' bank, and dictates monetary policy, measurement efforts that are linked to the two points listed above involved expansive money supply estimation to include and define narrow and board definitions of money (Federal Reserve Board para. 4)."
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