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Effects of Tobacco, 2008.
This paper discusses the effects of smoking on the individual.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the history of tobacco's inculcation into mainstream culture and looks at the pleasure it provides smokers. The writer also discusses the health risks involved in smoking tobacco, addiction and second hand smoke. The writer maintains that organizations that are raising awareness about the dangers of smoking are no doubt creating a healthier environment for everyone. The writer then concludes that though quitting is difficult, every smoker should make every effort to break the habit. This step would not only benefit them, but also everyone they associate with, casually or otherwise.
Outline:
Introduction
The History of Smoking
Smoking and Health
The Allure of Smoking Tobacco
Heart Disease
Cancer
Addiction
Second Hand Smoke
Recent Government Reaction to Tobacco Research
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It could be argued that tobacco's colourful history is part of the substance's attraction. The first recorded European smoker was Rodrigo de Jerez, who was a colleague of Christopher Columbus during his exploration of the New World. Jerez started smoking cigars in Cuba. Having returned to Europe, Jerez lit a cigar publicly in 1493, which led to his imprisonment in 1493 by order of the Spanish Inquisition."
"Tobacco was initially slow to take over European consumers. It is believed that not until well into the following century that tobacco was brought to Europe from its native Americas."
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Susan McCaslin's 'The Call', 2008.
Examines Susan McCaslin's poem 'The Call' from her book "Flying Wounded".
1,085 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in her poem 'The Call', Canadian poet Susan McCaslin relates the experience of mental illness to the Cathars, a religious group concentrated in France in the eleventh century. The paper points out that the inquisition and oppressive pursuit of the open-minded Cathars is used by McCaslin as a metaphor to describe mental illness. The paper stresses that, although the poem and the book are not entirely an autobiography, McCaslin is the daughter of a mentally ill woman whose tumultuous driving mental voices impact on everyone around her.
From the Paper
"McCaslin's historical references continue in the third stanza, where the schizophrenic voices that pursue the mother "blazon" her face, an old-fashioned word associated with heraldry, of officers of arms. A blazon is a description of a coat of arms or flag used to depict an image, typically involving banners or seals. Such formal, historical imagery is conveyed by McCaslin to represent the mother's mental state, which the woman carries around as a logo - a logo which automatically exempts her from deserving love from Canadian society as a whole."
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Dual Relationships in Counseling, 2008.
This paper discusses the danger of dual relationships in the counseling field.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the dangers of dual relationships within the mental health field. The writer maintains that counselors and therapists should avoid establishing or allowing the establishment of dual relationships within the context of their professional capacity. The writer concludes that this is not only an ethical imperative with respect to the client/patient continuum but also extends to dual relationships among patients in group therapy settings as well as relationships between coworkers and colleagues.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Dual Relationships in Group Therapy
The Counselor/Client Continuum
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Clearly, these negative developments that arise due to the existence or the establishment of dual relationships can have a very real and a potentially very harmful impact on the counseling process within the group therapy setting. Yet, all of these negative attributes can just as easily develop within the dual relationship context in the single-patient counseling environment or in the back office relationships that arise within the clinic or treatment facility setting. In all instances, the effectiveness and the objective of the counseling process is undermined and made almost irrelevant due to the dual relationships allowed to develop."
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Don't Abolish D.A.R.E.!, 2008.
An argument for the continuation of the Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.) drug prevention program.
723 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the reasons why the D.A.R.E. Program should not be eliminated from the curriculum in the face of strong statistical evidence that it is not effective in preventing drug abuse. The paper demonstrates the positive contributions of the program in spite of its ambiguous results. The paper contends that in the absence of an effective proven alternative, it is best to continue with even a slightly effective method to prevent drug abuse.
From the Paper
"The question is posed, in light of seemingly overwhelming evidence of its ineffectiveness, why not abolish the D.A.R.E. Program? There are several reasons as why not to abolish the program, the least of which is the statistical data that supports the supposition that the program does not reduce the incidences of drug abuse by the students that participate. However, the program is profoundly popular with parents and supporters of the schools and continues to garner near religious support for its continued inclusion in the school curriculum. Exposure to the course material is not shown to be harmful or increase the instances of drug use. Further, the cancellation a drug awareness program just might send the wrong message to the students."
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Multiple Sclerosis and Quality of Life, 2008.
This paper discusses that certain symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) that lead to higher levels of disability, fatigue and depression will result in lower quality of life for MS patients.
2,487 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses the nature of the relationship between disability, depression, fatigue and quality of life for people with multiple sclerosis. The writer notes that the focus of the research is to get a clearer understanding of the primary as well as secondary factors that affect people with multiple sclerosis. The writer also notes that, as stated by Benito-Leon et al, there exist many other factors that affect sufferers of multiple sclerosis, besides the impairment or rehabilitative nature of the disease.
Outline:
Scope of Study
Literature Review
Hypotheses
Method
Participants & Materials
Procedure
Results
Descriptive Statistics
Pearson Product Moment Correlation
Discussion
Findings
Study Limitations
From the Paper
" MS research has not been focused on understanding the QOL among MS patients. Few studies have focused on the how the symptoms of MS affect noted measures of QOL. The general understanding is that as a whole MS seems to lower QOL; however few studies have been able to provide the necessary link between QOL, and specific aspects of MS related symptoms. Nortvedt and Riise completed a literature review and found that the literature was either validating the use of measurement criterions, focusing on the factors that influence QOL within MS patients, or focusing on using lift questionnaires to understand the impacts of MS. Many of the studies examined used similar measurement via quality of life questionnaires and clinical scales to identify the nature of the relationship between QOL and MS."
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Theories of Criminology, 2008.
This paper discusses and explains different theories of criminology.
1,134 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that in the field of criminology, various theories have been advanced to explain why people commit crimes. The writer notes that more manageable and more conventional is the listing of theories provided by Victor Jupp, which posits four theories: biological, social bonding, social structure and psychological bonding. Jupp points out that these four theories reflect the learning of different intellectual disciplines and come to widely different opinions about the individual criminal, but are all directed to the common question - why do people commit crimes? The writer concludes that while each of these theories offers some insight, there is a frustrating difficultly in criminology. The writer maintains that although criminology may be able to explain why certain people have committed certain crimes, it is frustratingly less effective at discerning how one might commit crimes and how to prevent them.
From the Paper
"The biological theory and the social bonding theory both assume that the individual develops into a criminal because of inborn factors. Lombroso and his followers contend that the stigmata mark the atavistic criminal, and these cannot be changed. Eysenck and company contend that, certainly in the adult, the personality is largely unchangeable, and in the case of the criminal, the psychoticisms cannot be removed. By contrast, social structure theories contend that the individual is more of a blank slate, shaped by his surroundings, so that if these surroundings can be manipulated, criminality will not develop."
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Childhood Emotional Development, 2008.
An examination of childhood emotional development and how the social environment plays an important role in emotional development.
2,046 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper examines traditional schools of thought on childhood emotional development, recent research and probable future directions. The paper explains that one of the most important motivators for positive emotional childhood development is the social environment. The paper then points out that children who enjoy healthy positive social relationships tend to develop more proficiently on an academic and sporting scale; they are also more likely to have greater self-esteem and self-worth than those who endure relationship problems. The paper also looks at how the personality of adolescents is a very important part of childhood emotional development. The paper suggests that the development of children in modern times has been associated with sweeping global changes, perhaps most notably the Internet.
Outline:
Introduction
Vygotsky
Freud
Erikson
Ainsworth
The Social Environment: An Important Part of Emotional Development
Older Children and Adolescence
Current Childhood Development Concerns
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is for this reason that children are taught at school from an early age the importance of practicing good social skills and engaging in pro-social behaviors. The importance of a positive social environment for children has been recognized by research which suggests that social development problems cause greater problems over time, leading to adult mental health problems (ibid, p. 98). However, approaches to implementing social skills in children have varied over the decades. Thinking in the 1970s revolved primarily around three schools of thought. The psychoanalytical school of thought maintained that through interpretation of unconscious thoughts, children develop a latent awareness related to appropriate social behaviors. The humanistic approach suggested that children benefit most from empathy and accepting environmental conditions, and that these preconditions were sufficient for future emotional development. The third approach, the behavior modification approach, proposed that appropriate behaviors be treated with reinforcement, increasing the chance that healthy behaviors would appear as the child developed (ibid)."
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Existential Psychology, 2008.
An overview and personal application of existential psychology.
866 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the existential approach to psychology begins with the recognition that the individual is responsible for his or her own mental state. On a more personal level, the paper looks at challenges the author has faced and how he responded to those challenges.
From the Paper
"Existentialism is related to earlier conceptions of how humans are related to the universe, such as that of Kant, and it can be seen as one aspect of the larger search for meaning in every human life. The overwhelming nature of the universe has always left human beings trying to find a reason for their own existence and some evidence that they matter. Psychology seeks to understand both this search and the processes underlying it, and existentialism is one of the structures developed by the human mind to explain its own importance in the universe."
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Personality and Software Engineering, 2008.
This paper argues that a combination of introvert and extrovert personality types is essential for creating software programs.
800 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the Meyers-Briggs Type Indicator that indicates that introverts usually have quality software development skills. The paper discusses how introverts dominate the software field, but the field also needs extroverts to help explain the programs and make them user friendly. The paper shows how the best way to create software is to use a team of both introverted and extroverted personality types.
From the Paper
"Most people see software engineers as nerds who work long hours into the night until they complete their projects. "USA Today reported that the techie nerd stereotype is so well-entrenched that students in every grade ranked computer jobs near the bottom of their lists of career choice" (McConnell). Yet, is this an accurate view of a computer technician? Does the Meyers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) accurately show professional software developers? These are important questions when it comes to studying personality types in software engineering compared to the national average and success of those in other fields."
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Psychology of Drugs and Human Behavior, 2008.
This paper discusses whether psychoactive drug use is synonymous with dependence.
1,600 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that psychoactive drugs act upon the human central nervous system, altering brain function and impacting on mood and behavior. The writer discusses that though some psychoactive drugs are legal and prescribed as medication, while some are illegal and are used as a form of recreation for users. The writer then points out that current research suggests that these drugs can sometimes lead to dependence and addiction issues. The writer also discusses that mood and behavior-altering drugs have therefore garnered significant media attention as harmful solutions to problems which could be solved through non-medicinal methods.
Outline:
Introduction
Psychoactive Drugs: Theories of Addiction
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Though the researchers agree that this is true, they believe that psychoactive drug addiction is a real issue that has numerous causal factors. The most notable of these, according to Nesse and Berridge, is the tendency for psychoactive drugs to create a brain signal that creates a false indication of a huge fitness benefit. This then changes behavior propensities, increasing drug-seeking behaviours in frequency and displacing more adaptive behaviours. This issue is seen by the researchers as being part of an overall addiction modern society has to fitness-decreasing incentives such as video games and snack foods. Such addictions, Nesse and Berridge maintain, are a mismatch between our bodies and our modern environments, which causes behavioural and medical problems."
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Lonny Shavelson's "Hooked", 2008.
This paper reviews and reacts to Lonny Shavelson's book "Hooked: Five Addicts Challenge Our Misguided Drug Rehab System".
1,270 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper reports that Lonny Shavelson, in his book "Hooked: Five Addicts Challenge Our Misguided Drug Rehab System", contends that too many rehab systems release or kick out addicts for relapsing and that drug rehab programs focus on stopping the addict rather than fixing why the person became an addict. The paper relates that Shavelson's book, which compares the amounts of federal money spent on drug rehabilitation vs. the Drug War, is a testament that the direction of funding agencies and rehabs are on the wrong part of the drug issue. The author of the paper concludes by agreeing with Shavelson that psychological treatment and drug treatment need to go hand in hand and that aftercare programs should be mandatory for at least 2 years.
From the Paper
"Shavelson finds Crystal in a drug court caught up in a system where she keeps getting sent back to a treatment program with harsher and harsher restrictions. All Crystal has to do is stay free from drugs and she will be out of the drug court system, but she cannot. Shavelson views drug courts as a good way to help the addict without furthering their addiction or having their addiction take them down a criminal path if they are not already on one."
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Parental Discipline, 2008.
This paper discusses the perils of spanking as a disciplinary method.
1,522 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that as recently as the 1950s, parents were fierce champions of spanking as a form of child discipline. The writer then points out that since then, a large crop of studies on child psychology has surfaced, with a considerable number of them concluding that spanking breeds detrimental results, and that non-physical discipline is far more likely to cement the desired long-term positive behavior. The writer argues that Sally Lieber's proposed bill, even if it never passes into law, opens up a topic that many parents do not wish to discuss. The writer concludes that it is hoped that this discussion, which aimed to pinpoint some of the sexual and behavioral risks involved in the practice of spanking children, will entice one to abandon this undignified and humiliating practice.
From the Paper
"Children, naturally, imitate the behavior of elders and authority figures, and caregivers must remember that their sons and daughters will one day become husbands and wives, mothers and fathers, etc: that is, the children will likely imitate the behavior of their own parents when they, too, have children of their own. The family, then, is entrusted with instructing a child in life skills, and one's ability to deal with conflict in one of the more important of these skills. As such, kids who learn to address conflicts with the use of the open hand or clenched fist are, consequently, more likely to develop aggressive or violent behavior. What more, spanking sends a clear message about human relationships, and that message will likely include the understanding that it is perfectly justifiable for the strong to intimidate and dominate the physically weak, the small, or the helpless ..."
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