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Perception and Decision-Making, 2008.
This paper looks at how perception impacts our daily lives; specifically looking at the selecting, organizing and interpreting of sensory inputs in the business environment.
1,050 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the process and the organization of perception as extremely important in any decision-making endeavor. Specifically, the paper looks at the differences in perception on individuals' understanding of reality and how this affects the decision-making process within the business environment where there are numerous variables. In other words, perception takes place when the individual selects, organizes and interprets the various sensory inputs or impressions that he or she encounters. Furthermore, this paper looks at what happens when there are perceptual errors in decision-making within the business sphere.
From the Paper
"However, perceptions may not always be correct. They may be biased or simply based on flawed or false information and data. This is a central issue that the business leader or manager has to be aware of. Therefore, it follows that a fundamental issue in the relationship between perception and business decisions is that clear and accurate perceptions are essential for correct and effective decisions in any business concern.
"While the above statement is the ideal that should be achieved, in reality the issue of perception poses a number of problems for the business manager and for anyone making decisions in the business world. Managers and leader in business have to be aware of the quality of the information that they base their decisions on and in other factors that can negatively affect the perceptions that lead to decision making. For example, the biases and prejudices that may be a part of the perception process have to be 'filtered out' of the decision - making in order for the decisions to be as accurate and effective as possible."
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The Breadth and Prevalence of Adolescent Substance Abuse, 2008.
A discussion on the issue of substance abuse in adolescents, including some factors that contribute to this behavior and suggested treatments.
13,942 words (approx. 55.8 pages), 72 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper is made up of two chapters that provide a general overview of adolescent substance abuse, followed by a discussion of some of the more salient societal implications involved. An analysis of some of the more common types of substances currently abused by American adolescents is followed by a discussion of the various factors that have been shown to contribute to adolescent substance abuse behaviors as well as some behaviors that have been shown to mediate such risk. The second chapter provides a description and overview of what steps clinicians should follow in formulating treatment plans for adolescent substance abusers and the four primary types of interventions used in the treatment of adolescent substance abuse in use in the United States today. The paper also includes tables and diagrams for reference.
Outline:
Introduction
General Overview
Types of Substances Typically Abused by Adolescents
Tobacco Abuse by Adolescents
Alcohol Abuse by Adolescents
Inhalants as Abused Substances
Marijuana Use among Adolescents
Statistics/Incidence of Adolescent Substance Abuse
Societal Implications
Treatment Programs for Adolescent Substance Abuse, Including Effectiveness or Lack Thereof
Introduction
Family-Therapy
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
12-Step Programs
Motivational Interviewing
Chapter Summary
Summary
Conclusions
Recommendations
From the Paper
"The breadth of the problem under consideration is vast and its economic consequences enormous because substance abuse describes the destructive or harmful use of alcohol and other drugs in any situation. Therefore, substance abuse includes not only drinking or drug use by individuals who, because of their social, emotional, or genetic heritage, use alcohol and other drugs compulsively or without control, but also any drinking or drug use that potentially endangers the drinker or others (Ammerman, Ott & Tarter, 1999). These facets will be described in greater detail in the section on "Societal Implications," following the section entitled, Types of Substances Typically Abused by Adolescents, and the section entitled Statistics/Incidence of Adolescent Substance Abuse."
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Adlerian Theory, 2008.
A look at Alfred Adler's theories.
752 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the work and views of Alfred Adler, an Austrian contemporary of Sigmund Freud and one of the original psychoanalytic theorists. While the author concentrates on describing Adler's work he also brings in comparisons to Freud's theories.
Outline:
Introduction
Adlerian Theory
From the Paper
"Alfred Adler (1870-1937) was an Austrian contemporary of Sigmund Freud and one of the original psychoanalytic theorists. He founded the school of individual psychology and conceived of human psychological development as largely a function of reaction to personal inadequacies in relation to the external world rather than as a function of internal conflict in the manner that classical Freudian theorists.
"In this respect, Adler departed from certain aspects of Freudian theory (Gerrig & Zimbardo 2005). Together with Freud and Carl Jung, Adler is generally considered to have founded the modern psychoanalytic focus on the significance of repression and depth psychology that forms the basis of 20th Century Freudian analysis."
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The Concept of Empowerment, 2008.
This paper explores the concept of empowerment and its application in psychology, nursing and education.
1,629 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how people need to define their jobs, businesses and even the directions they are taking in life in order to contribute what they can to the growth of human society. The paper explores how empowerment is utilized in the fields of psychology, nursing and education.
Outline:
Introduction
Psychology
Nursing
Education
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Empowerment is a process of unleashing the human potential and enhancing the human ability to effect and maintain societal growth (Rubino 2007). It has gained emphasis in these times of unprecedented change and crises encountered in the face of limited resources. Major transitions in society have produced an upheaval and a feeling of uncertainty. People need to define their jobs, businesses and even the directions they are taking in life. This transition incurs overwhelming change, accompanied by a sense of loss and uncertainty. This is particularly true to those who have not found their place in which to grow and fulfill their perceived role."
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Responses to Emotion, 2008.
A personal review of physical responses to the emotions of anger and happiness.
929 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses human responses to emotion. It particularly looks at physical and behavioral responses to emotions such as anger and happiness. The paper presents personal experiences of the writer that created the emotions of anger and happiness. It then discusses how the writer responded to both her anger and happiness in physical ways.
From the Paper
"An example of an incident that made me very emotional--angry--occurred when my 13-year-old daughter was at soccer camp. A 24-year-old male counselor tackled her. She fell and cut her mouth and had to get stitches. Of course I was upset because she was hurt; a mother's instincts for keeping her daughter safe (or one of Maslow's primary needs). The counselor should have known better.
"My daughter was at this camp, because she was to have fun and learn, not get injured and be in pain. From a Lazarian standpoint, I was not able to protect my daughter and keep her safe from harm. Because I did not have control over this basic need, I thought about my lack of empowerment and was very frustrated and angry. The more I thought about it, the more angry I became. Emotionally, I wanted to cry and scream. Physically, I wanted to tackle him, but my Lazarian concept of survival knew that this would not be the best way to prove my point and make the counselor understand the inappropriate nature of his actions."
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Theories of Child Maltreatment, 2008.
An analysis and comparison of the ecology theory and social learning theory as they apply to child maltreatment.
2,638 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the ecology theory and social learning theory as they apply to child maltreatment. The paper develops a concept of how each theory applies to the origins and maintenance of child maltreatment. It then goes on to discuss each theory in critical analysis and in application to child maltreatment. The paper also provides a comparison and contrast of the two theories and discusses the evidence that detracts from each theory.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Origins and Maintenance of Child Maltreatment
Theory Critical Analysis
Theory Application to Child Maltreatment
Comparison and Contrast
Summary of Empirical Evidence
From the Paper
"Most empirical evidence supporting both social learning theory and ecology theory as they apply to child maltreatment are relatively contemporary to the development of the base theories themselves. It is safe to say that some research provided sustainable theory correlation while other research challenged the basic tenants and broad concepts of the theory. (Bornstein, 1995) For the most part it has been concluded by empirical research in the present and recent past that there are far more factors involved in the presence or absence of child maltreatment that was previously believed and that biology and environment (social and physical) play an important role. It would not be surprising to me if the concepts associated with ecology theory were applied anew to social concerns relating to child maltreatment as such a trend is likely to elicit new understandings and possibilities for research and prevention. The basic tenant of the empirical evidence of the present is that there is no magic, single answer to why some maltreat their children and even against all odds some do not. The pressures of society, play a significant role in child maltreatment as do many other core and nominal factors, such as previous maltreatment and or ignorance to appropriate care."
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The Color of the Past in the Present, 2008.
A discussion of human behavior, focusing on Black women and how we can best provide them assistance.
1,099 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the human behavior towards Black single mothers. The paper explains that giving a hand to poor or needy Black women, particularly Black single mothers, requires knowledge of Black history and welfare and an understanding of their experience in that context. The paper looks at how while White society confined its women to the home as housekeepers, Black women in the South did not have that option even if their husbands could support them. The paper then points out that in 1996, US President Bill Clinton signed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, which created the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Act to replace the AFDC. It allowed women to work and controlled their reproductive ability which mostly benefited Black mothers and their children. The paper concludes that genuine assistance to any specific group should be drawn from the history and experience of that group. In the case of Black single mothers, the social worker needs to know and understand their long and painful history.
From the Paper
"Masters of Black slaves bred them as livestock, pairing Black men and Black women with the intention of producing the best offspring, which would perform the best labor and bring in the greatest economic gain (Prince 1999). With their emancipation as full citizens, laws passed to modify and improve their condition. These laws protected them from physical abuse, allowed them to travel, build their own schools, buy land and learn useful skills, which later made many of them succeed as entrepreneurs. Emancipation may have eased but sexual discrimination remained, as neither White nor Black women were allowed to vote."
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Autism, 2008.
A review of the complex neuro-developmental disorder known as autism.
1,148 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that autism is a type of pervasive developmental disorder that is characterized by impaired reciprocal social interaction, impaired communication and restricted, repetitive or stereotyped behaviors. The paper discusses the assessment, causes and treatments of this disorder.
Outline:
Abstract
Review of Literature
From the Paper
"Autism is a complex neurodevelopment disorder that is characterized by severe impairment in reciprocal social interaction and communication, and they are seen having a pattern of repetitive or stereotyped behavior (Barbaresi, Katusic & Voigi, 2006). It is diagnosed based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). A child must have at least 6 symptoms from these 3 major criteria. An example of an impaired reciprocal social interaction is when a child is unable to use nonverbal behaviors such as eye-to-eye gaze, lack of facial expression or body language. Qualitative impairment in communication is seen when there is a delay or total lack of development of spoken language or the child uses stereotyped, repetitive use of language or idiosyncratic language."
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Abraham Maslow and Motivation, 2008.
A look at Abraham Maslow and his theory of human motivation.
1,552 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Abraham Maslow was considered the father of human psychology and how he coined his way of thinking as the "Third Force." This differed from the thoughts of Sigmund Freud or behaviorists who focused on man's shortcomings. It looks at how Maslow believed that man was intrinsically good and was destined to reach his ultimate potentials and how he believed that man had a hierarchy of needs and was driven to attain one goal after another. It also examines how with these assumptions and observations, he developed his theory of human motivation to further understand man and his nature.
From the Paper
"Motivation is defined by many as the intention to perform a specific activity. It is initiated with the desire or wish to attain something. The person is motivated to accomplish cognitive or motor goal-directed actions addressed to the environment to satisfy central and intrinsic personal needs, as well as in an attempt to achieve predominantly extrinsic goals (Dai and Sternberg, 2004). Intrinsic needs are those imposed by man himself, while extrinsic needs refer to those goals that are induced or imposed by others in the society or the situation. In the workplace, determinants of work motivation depend on the employee's characteristics or internal needs (i.e. employee motives and job satisfaction) and the external environment (i.e. what the job is and its work content) (Wright, 2004). Some people are primarily motivated by an extrinsic need to support his family; he then seeks for work with adequate salary. "
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Group Interaction in the Workplace, 2008.
A discussion of group dynamics in the workplace.
1,097 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses group interaction in the workplace. The paper explains that symbolic interaction theory can be utilized to describe the development of the group and its functioning as a cohesive unit to complete the tasks assigned. The paper points out that according to symbolic interaction theorists the human condition requires group living and group dynamics. The paper then looks at how the interactions we have in these groups is determined by some overt, but many subtle role expectations that can be based on gender, appearance, communication style, race or even understanding of the members of the group of what a certain known individual would perceptually be good at.
From the Paper
"The roles that were assigned were to some degree voluntary, and yet there was also a leaning on the part of the group leader to designate roles based on her prior knowledge of the individual student, if she had worked with them before and if she had not based on their own admission of desire or perception, therefore to some degree symbolic interaction took place even in role assignments. As the self is the determining member in a voluntary group it is also interesting to note that many people report feeling inclinations to fill certain roles not necessarily based upon what their skills are but on what they have done in the past or more importantly what they have been guided to in the past by symbolic interaction."
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Play Therapy and Trauma, 2008.
An analysis of the use of play therapy as a tool for developing trust between the therapist and the child trauma survivor.
3,443 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how childhood trauma is one of the most likely reasons why an individual child and his or her parents, might seek therapy. It discusses whether there is empirical evidence to suggest that play therapy can be an effective tool for the development of trust between children who have experienced trauma and the therapist.
Outline:
Introduction
Definitions and Significance of Trauma
Definition of Play Therapy
Search Strategies
Review of Literature and Evidence Evaluation
Methodology
Findings of Research
Limitations
Discussion
Implications
From the Paper
"For children trauma can be anything that disturbs the ability of the child to trust his or her environment, the people both known and unknown in life and the standard set of expectations for events and occurrences now and in the future. Children who have experienced trauma, be it personal or witnessed must develop a whole new set of coping mechanisms to both reestablish trust for their surroundings and for people they come in contact with. As, trust development is a whole goal of self preservation and learning in childhood, and for those at risk a hard won victory of mind over matter, trust often becomes the central issue for recovery. "
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The Cultivation Theory, 2008.
This paper explores whether the cultivation theory can be used in a socially beneficial way.
6,322 words (approx. 25.3 pages), 28 sources, APA, $ 147.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the cultivation theory that if a person plays too many games with acts of violence in them, he will be more prone to committing violent acts. The paper relates that much of the publicity surrounding this theory focuses on the negative aspects of the media. The paper then explores how the cultivation theory can be used to produce positive effects and examines how role models can be portrayed in a positive manner to bring about societal change for the better.
Outline:
Part I: Understanding Cultivation Theory
Part II: Massive Multi-Player Online Games and Cultivation Theory
From the Paper
"Television plays an integral role in US society, perhaps more so than in other countries. To understand the significant role that television plays, one must first take a step back in time, to the days before almost every household in America owned a television. Before television, people told each other stories. Grandparents told stories to children and neighbors told stories about the happenings of the world to each other. Information was passed by word of mouth. Long before television, there was the written word, such as newspapers, and later radio. However, not everyone had access to them. Not everyone could read, particularly in rural areas. Those who had access to newspapers and radio passed on the stories to others through word of mouth."
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