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Childhood Sexual Abuse, Dissociation and Self-Destruction, 2008.
This paper looks at the relationship between childhood sexual abuse, dissociation and self-destructive behavior.
6,829 words (approx. 27.3 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 154.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that living with a chronic mental illness or problem can be exceedingly difficult, and those that struggle with dissociation often experience many of the same problems. The writer points out that the basic assumptions of the psychiatric model are inconsistent with nursing practice, and therefore nurses who are asked to treat those who have chronic mental, behavioral, or emotional problems often have a great deal of difficulty adjusting their feelings and beliefs about what the patient should be treated for to fit in with the guidelines proposed by this model, which can cause disagreements and issues between doctors, patients, and families. A critique of the psychiatric medical model shows that this particular model views emotional problems that stem from abuse and other issues as though they were diseases. The writer then provides a review of related literature and looks at various related assumptions in this regard.
Outline:
Studies Involving Childhood Sexual Abuse and Dissociation
Studies Involving Childhood Sexual Abuse and Self-Destructive Behavior
Studies Examining all Three Variables
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Because the diagnostic tests for mental and emotional issues are so rigid and strict, the whole person is not examined. The lack of flexibility creates a restricted view of the individual who has come to seek help, and the process of giving patients these diagnostic tests becomes not one of helping them, but rather of classifying them into a specific category. While it is acknowledged that it is important to attempt to find what is 'wrong' with these individuals in order to treat them in the most appropriate way, individuals must be studied and classified on an individual basis. No two people who act the same way are exactly alike, and the diagnostic tests make it far too easy to assign someone to a category without really understanding the depth and nature of their problems."
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Cross-Cultural Emotional Development, 2008.
A discussion of the differences in emotional development in children from various cultures.
1,312 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the 'making' and sentimentalization of a child is something that is addressed very differently, depending on the culture and the society. The paper explains that in some cultures, emotional issues are more important and significant than physical ones, and when this is the case, the emotions of a person are seen as a prime source for that individual's motivation. The paper looks at how anthropology has conceptualized the relationship between emotional competence and the child. The paper also points out that the politics of a nation becomes that of the child that is raised in that nation, whether that is good or bad.
From the Paper
"Lutz (1983, p. 247) infers that the parents often show the child how he or she 'should' react to something specific. If a parent reacts with anger to every little slight, the children will likely react that way as well. In a sense, they have been conditioned to react that way because it is what they see as normal, based on how their parents act. The more time they spend around others, though, the more that they see that there are different ways of reacting to specific stimuli, and they might then begin to question whether the way that their parents react is the 'right' way, or the way that they want to react. This begins a period of socialization where the child learns what is acceptable in society and his or her place in that (Lewis & Saarni, 1985, p. 4)."
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Freud on Revolution, 2008.
A study of Sigmund Freud's book, "Civilization and its Discontents," focusing on his theories on revolution.
975 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Freud's book, "Civilization and its Discontents," and shows how Freud's theories of man's inherent aggressiveness agree with Karl Marx's philosophy. The author discusses Freud's beliefs about the psyche and the mind, and the polarities of Eros and the "Death Drive" in the history of civilization. The author finds that Freud's hypothesis of the cause of revolution in society can be seen in action today, and discusses the near prophetic nature of some of his writing.
From the Paper
"Freud also uses the book as a pulpit, if you will, for his own views on organized religion, which he considers the "future of an illusion," an essay he refers to often in the book. He believes that religion can help relieve individual neuroses, but in the end, there are better ways to find happiness in life. Thus, the book is his critique on society but also expresses his feelings about some elements of society and how they influence our lives, thoughts, and actions. The book is somewhat a look inside Freud as well as a look at the contemporary society of his time."
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Coping with Job Stress, 2008.
A descriptive account of the problems of stress and how it is affected in a work situation.
1,445 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper defines the problem of stress and looks at how it is affected in the workplace. The paper then relates that, in spite of the difficulty researchers encounter in measuring stress and tracking the healthcare costs of stress, its negative impact on the work environment has long been recognized in business. The paper also relates that, despite the limitations of research about stress, the research has provided some insight as to what employment conditions create the most negative stress, and what types of stress employers should strive to reduce to optimize productivity.
From the Paper
"However, measuring stress can itself be a source of stress for researchers. A problem with measuring stress is "that it cannot always be seen," especially during its early stages when "most employees will suffer in silence. [Although] this does not mean that employers can or should do nothing," it may mean that a lack of response on the part of employers is not necessarily due to callousness fashion ("Stress in the workplace," 2007, Clarion, Ltd). It can be difficult for researchers to calculate the amount of stress workers experience at any one point in time, or over the course of a typical work day or year. Because the potential costs of work-related stress to an employer as well as the employee are so great, including the cost of absences, disturbances in production, creativity and competitiveness, reduced effectiveness of employees suffering from work-related stress, punitive legal fines if workers injure themselves on the job, and awards of damages from the courts arising from personal injury claims, employers often wish to reduce workplace stress and address its causes, but are not always able to do so nor measure its impact in a clear fashion ("Stress In The Workplace," 2007, Clarion, Ltd). "The price tag for indirect and direct costs associated with both undiagnosed and treated depression in North America is $60 billion, according to the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health in Toronto."
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Ethnography, 2008.
A looks at ethnography as a social science research method.
5,280 words (approx. 21.1 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 130.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines the history of ethnography, the principle individuals behind its inception, and the manner in which data is collected. The paper also analyzes the strengths and weakness of ethnography and examines the ethical issues surrounding this type of research. In addition, this paper outlines circumstances when ethnography is a viable research tool and describes the manner in which it has been used in education research. Finally, the paper concludes with some well-known examples of ethnography.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Overview of Qualitative / Action-Based Research
History of Ethnography
Ethnography as a Viable Research Method
Strengths and Weaknesses of Ethnography
Ethical Issues Surrounding Ethnography
Ethnographical Research Used in Education Research
Well-Known Studies of Ethnography
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Other aspects of ethnographical research that can be considered weaknesses is the types of participant strategies that it involves. The first and most fundamental distinction among observational strategies concerns the extent to which the observer is also a participant in the program activities being studied. Weaknesses in have been pointed out in determining what kind of participation the researcher must engage in. According to Genzuk (2003), the extent of participation is a continuum which varies from complete immersion in the program as full participant to complete separation from the activities observed, taking on a role as spectator."
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Adolescent Substance Abuse, 2008.
An analysis of the breath and prevalence of adolescent substance abuse.
6,423 words (approx. 25.7 pages), 39 sources, APA, $ 148.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a general overview of adolescent substance abuse, including a discussion of some of the more salient societal implications involved. A description of the statistics concerning adolescent substance abuse and its incidence among various groups is followed by a discussion of social identity theory, group affiliation and their respective influence on adolescent substance abuse patterns. An analysis of some of the more common types of substances typically abused by American adolescents today is also followed by a discussion of the various factors that have been shown to contribute to adolescent substance abuse behaviors and place these young people at higher risk of becoming substances abusers, as well as some behaviors that have been shown to mediate such risk.
Outline:
Introduction
General Overview
Societal Implications
Statistics/Incidence of Adolescent Substance Abuse
Social Identity Theory, Group Affiliation and Their Influence on Adolescent Substance Abuse
Types of Substances Typically Abused by Adolescents
Factors Contributing to Adolescent Substance Abuse Behaviors
Summary
From the Paper
"Calculating the precise incidence of substance abuse among adolescence has been complicated by the fact that some minority groups appear to be specifically targeted for such testing when they present for emergency treatment at many American hospitals today. For example, the results of an analysis of data collected on adolescents (aged 12 through 17 years) from the National Trauma Data Bank to identify the incidence of alcohol and drug testing in adolescents admitted for traumatic injury by Marcin and his colleagues (2003) found significant differences in the likelihood of alcohol and drug testing being ordered by the treating clinicians for different racial, ethnic, and gender groups which demonstrated an increased likelihood of Hispanic males and African American females to receive alcohol testing, but did not identify any systematic attempt at racial bias; this study, though, did determine that females of all races were less likely than males to test positive for alcohol and drugs (Marcin et al., 2003). "
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Life Span Development, 2008.
This paper looks at lifespan development that discusses the changes of an individual during the period of life.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that lifespan development and developmental psychology, in general, study the changes that occur in an individual throughout his entire lifespan, from his existence as a prenatal to old age and death. The writer notes that basically, lifespan development studies the evolution and changes of the individual, as well as of groups of individuals, over their entire period of life. On the other hand, the writer maintains that it is important to have a definition of the term development, as perceived by psychologists. It is much more difficult for an individual nowadays to be separated from the environment in which he lives and works and be examined as he is. The writer discusses that this can be in part beneficial for a psychologist, witnessing the object of study at work, in his own environment, but it can also be challenging, due to the fact that collectivism seems to be much better represented nowadays than individualism was before.
From the Paper
"Among the most important categories of lifespan development methodologies, we can enumerate longitudinal study and cross-sectional study. In the longitudinal study, individuals that are born around the same period of time are jointly analyzed throughout their lifespan in order to observe not only individual development, but also differential individual development and see how and why individuals developed differently.
"On the other hand, in the cross-sectional study, the psychologist will aim to analyze individuals of different ages at a certain moment of time. Differently from the previous method, this will require fewer resources while provided useful resources about the individual development at various age stages. Cross-sectional study also helps lifespan development psychologists answer important questions referring to whether or not experience changes actual accumulation and development of an individual and how different age groups react differently in different situations ..."
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Broken Windows Do Not Make or Break Law Enforcement Efforts, 2008.
An examination of the 'broken windows' theory of the causes of crime.
1,135 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the 'broken windows' theory of the causes of crime. The paper explains that 'broken windows' criminology theory maintains that a lack of respect for the physical environment and the law leads to even more socially disruptive criminal activity. The paper points out that the 'broken windows' theory was one of the most highly publicized components of the law-and-order New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani's attempt to wage war on crime during the 1990s. The paper then looks at how the theory attempts to attribute the causes of neighborhood decay to ignoring the "little problems" like graffiti, litter, shattered glass, which "creates a sense of irreversible decline" that leads law-abiding residents to abandon their residences and non-criminal prospective residents to stay away from apparently decaying communities.
From the Paper
"However, the presence of committed activists and the joint efforts between the communities and law enforcement may have been one of the causes of the decline in crime, not the more rigorous policing of minor offenses in and of itself. The drop in crime in New York City has a complex array of causes, economic and demographic, as well as sociological and political, and the 'broken windows' enforcement policies may not be the cause of the drop."
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Conflict Resolution in the Workplace, 2008.
An analysis of conflict resolution in the work environment.
8,250 words (approx. 33.0 pages), 28 sources, APA, $ 176.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes conflict resolution in the workplace. The paper explains that there is a great concern in business today that managers may not be properly trained for their role in conflict management, which also indicates a concern for the degree of conflict found in the workplace. The paper looks at how it is essential that the manager comprehend various laws and policies in order to be prepared in handling conflict in the workplace. The paper then points out that the ideas of destructive and constructive conflict can be differentiated according to outcome. The paper further explains that conflict is a part of life and cannot be completely avoided, and conflict can lead to a positive or a negative outcome, depending on how one responds to it. The writer believes that conflict resolution is a focus that organizations will give great consideration in the future, and just as certain are the many companies who are promoting their method of conflict resolution as the most effective. The paper concludes that future research in the area of conflict resolution and proper training of managers to handle conflict resolution should be conducted.
Outline:
Introduction
Review of Literature
Summary of Literature Review
From the Paper
"How we resolve the conflicts within ourselves will influence how we feel about ourselves and thus how we behave toward others, so it has an effect on the workplace. If we cannot resolve our inner conflicts, we will be unable to develop the needed sense of self-esteem that allows us to react well to other people, both to assert our independence and to recognize the independence of others. This failure will lead to more open conflicts with others. The workplace is a hierarchical environment where we are part of a group and must get along with others in the group, with the idea of being part of a group, with superiors who dictate to the group, and with our own capabilities within the parameters of the job we are doing. Conflict at any of these levels has a ripple effect. Even if we are only suffering from some personal conflict, that conflict will create those same ripples and affect how we deal with others, with the group as a whole, with our superiors, and with the tasks we are given."
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Self-Harm in Adolescent Females, 2008.
This paper explores the practice of deliberate self-harm in adolescent females.
6,875 words (approx. 27.5 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 155.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by defining self-harm and differentiating between this practice and suicide attempts. The paper then examines predisposing factors and the gender differences in self-harm behaviors. In addition, the paper provides an in-depth review of the literature and explores the treatment and prevention of this phenomenon.
Outline:
Part I: Introduction
Part II: Review of the Literature
Part III: Treatment and Prevention
Part IV: Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is important and difficult for families and friends of self-harming individuals to make the differentiation between this practice and suicide attempts since both behaviors are "self-directed and dangerous." (Centre for Suicide Prevention, 2001) However, it has been recognized by researchers that the individual who engages in self-harm has no intention to kill themselves or die as an outcome of the harm caused to themselves. This disorder is one in which the individuals get relief from the self-harm on some psychological level. While the self-harm and suicide are not always co-existent, it is important to remain that these two disorders may co-exist in the individual. Self-harm, with no intent to die has been known to result in death due to accidental cuts to main arteries."
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Organizational Trends, 2008.
This paper looks at trends in business, focusing on the function of ethics in organizations and the impact of technology on work-related stress.
1,204 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper first explores the influence of ethics on decision-making in businesses. The paper reveals that a business with a sound ethical policy will attract consumers, shareholders who wish to invest in a company that is unlikely to be investigated for ethics violations, and potential top-quality employees. The paper then examines the impact of technology on work-related stress.
From the Paper
"Ethics education has long been a mainstay of most business curriculums on both the undergraduate and graduate level. But arguably, it has only been a pressing concern in the real world of business in recent years, where scandals such as the Enron debacle and various CEO abuses of corporate expense accounts at Tyco have brought ethics to the consciousness of the boardroom and the public, as well as to academics. According to Alfred Gini, a philosophy professor at Loyola University in Chicago and associate editor of Business Ethics Quarterly: "Because of Enron, all MBA programs, all schools of business, are looking at themselves and saying, 'What happened here, and why did it happen,'" and many CEOs and managers are doing the same (Torres 2005:1)."
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The Northridge Earthquake, 2008.
An analysis of the economic and psychological impact and aftermath of the Northridge Earthquake in Los Angles in 1994.
2,189 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Northridge earthquake that hit the San Fernando Valley area of Greater Los Angeles on January 17, 1994. The paper specifically reviews the economic impact of the earthquake, as well as the psychological aftermath for the residents of the area. It also discusses the news coverage of the earthquake and general related information.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Economic Impact
Northridge Earthquake General Information
Northridge Earthquake News Coverage
Suicides Due to the Northridge Earthquake
Psychological Distress Following the Northridge Quake
From the Paper
"While the earthquake itself didn't result in an increased rate of suicides, the same publication (Prehospital and Disaster Medicine) with mostly the same authors (Bourque, Shoaf, et al, 2002) shows that there was additional psychological distress on the day of the quake. On an average day in LA County there are an estimated 60-80 deaths associated with "cardiovascular events" (IHD, "ischemic heart disease" - heart attacks - and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ACD). Meanwhile, in the 16 days preceding the January 17 Northridge quake deaths associated with IHD and ACD averaged 73 per day; on the day of the quake, 125 IHD / ACD death occurred. But for the rest of the month of January following the 17th, the average dropped to 57 deaths per day attributed to IHD and ACD."
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