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The Toronto Drug Treatment Court, 2008.
This paper is an extensive discussion of the Toronto drug treatment court (DTC), a successful adult drug diversion program.
4,615 words (approx. 18.5 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Toronto drug treatment court (DTC), a diversion program, has been a response to a Canadian normative criminal justice system that does not approach the underlying problem of addiction. The author points out that diversion programs, such as DTCs, are ways to interrupt the continuum of incarceration now associated with offenses created by the drug culture. The paper relates that the conventional criminal justice system offers little or nothing to counteract addiction beyond a possible referral to a treatment center, which usually brings no results. The author underscored that the Toronto DTC has a 4% recidivism rate as compared to a 45% recidivism rate of persons charged with drug-related offenses who do not pursue treatment diversion. The paper states that the cost-benefit analysis underscores the savings to the taxpayer.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Toronto Drug Treatment Court
Suitable Offenders
Making an Honest Effort
The Rights of the Offender
Benefits
Challenges to Expanding Drug Diversion Programs
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"The Toronto Drug Treatment Court is located in the Old City Hall complex as is thought to be Canada's busiest court house, a place to be experienced for its many mainly poor Canadians to appear, its old fashioned premises and the main venue of the city's Aboriginal Diversion (Gladue) Court. On two visits to Drug Treatment Court, it was observed that the atmosphere is civil and collaborative. Judges spoke in a direct humane manner to offenders unlike what was observed in other criminal court settings. Support workers from agencies and volunteer groups, including former graduates of the Court, were present."
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Models of Family Therapy, 2008.
This paper discusses and explains different models of family therapy.
1,622 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at different models and forms of therapy for families that are experiencing problems. The writer notes that natural therapy is a form of psychotherapy that does not allow for medications, but that uses techniques that are aimed at assisting the individual to overcome issues through a natural approach. The writer looks at cognitive behavioral therapy in which the problem is seen to exist through the individual's thoughts and actions. The writer then discusses structural therapy and strategic family therapy. The writer maintains that the solution focused model of family therapy identifies the outcomes that the family desires and uses those outcomes as the focus of the therapy. In the narrative model the writer notes that clients are asked to take part in a narrative history of life and in collaborative therapy the patient and the therapist work as partners in the discovery of issues and the implementation of solutions to the issues.
Outline:
Natural System Model
Cognitive-Behavioral Model
Structural Model
Problem Focus Model
Strategic Model
Solution-Focused Model
Narrative Model
Collaborative Language System Model
From the Paper
"Change for the patient requires that the thoughts and actions impacting the person's life must be identified initially. This may occur through the patient speaking with the therapist and answering questions that serve to allow the therapist to determine where the issues exist. However, the patient should be the one that identifies the problem areas through discussion so that he or she is capable of understanding that change is significant.
"Techniques used in cognitive behavioral therapy are implemented once the identification of the problem has occurred. The therapist may give the patient "homework" and a new mental or physical response to a situation. That new response is used by the patient in place of the negative response and it is through practice that a new method of thought or behavior can be experienced on an ongoing basis, replacing the former thoughts and action."
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Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), 2008.
This paper explores the theory of planned behavior (TPB) by reviewing a journal article that modeled this theory and by applying TPB to the activities of American soldiers at the Abu Gharib prison in Iraq.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a review of a journal article that modeled the theory of planned behavior and used an experiment-related exercise to show the facets of the theory. Also, the paper uses a very public example that was presented in the media to show the applicability of the theory of planned behavior to explain human behavior. The example chosen was the activities of American soldiers at the Abu Gharib prison in Iraq. The paper concludes with an interpersonal example that is linked to the major hypothesis of the theory of planned behavior.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Journal Article Analyzed: Modeling the Theory of Planned Behavior and Past Behavior
Mass Media Example of the Theory of Planned Behavior: Abu Ghraib Prison Behavior
Personal Interpersonal Example of the Theory of Planned Behavior
From the Paper
"According to Stannard, Zimbardo's study showed that prisons are an institution that are designed to change the psychological make-up of the occupants; what is not clear, is how it affects other occupants, that are their by choice, most notably the guards. Stannard uses Zimbardo's study to state that prisons present an environment where the power differential is so uneven that it presents an environment for abuse, which is prisoners are powerless, while, guards have complete control and complete power."
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Gestalt Therapy, 2008.
A literature review of qualitative and quantitative studies discussing the interaction of Gestalt therapy with those suffering from anxiety symptoms.
2,801 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the academic literature on gestalt therapy and focuses on some of the quantitative and qualitative studies that explore the impact of gestalt therapy on relieving psychological anxiety in subject groups. The paper looks at how cultural integration can influence gestalt therapy and how it can permit this therapy to assist people in optimizing their quality of life and psychological well-being. The paper concludes that while the scholarly literature is not uniformly in favor of gestalt therapy, the academic view is generally a favorable one.
From the Paper
"The number of purely qualitative studies that have been done on gestalt therapy is actually rather small; for the most part, it appears as though researchers prefer studies that are predominantly quantitative in nature - or studies that are a "mix" of qualitative and quantitative measures. As one consequence of this emphasis upon statistical measures, several of the studies pored over by this writer utilized bivariate and multivariate regression analysis to control for variables such as age, ethnicity and gender (sometimes also for socio-economic status) but these studies also used descriptive or qualitative devices to contextualize (or, more importantly, to defend) their empirical findings."
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Perception of Evil and Wickedness in Literature, 2008.
A comparison of Joseph Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" and Shirley Jackson's "The Lottery".
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the similarities, in terms of evil and wickedness, between the book "Heart of Darkness" by Joseph Conrad and the short story "The Lottery" by Shirley Jackson. The paper explains that in both works, the reader is forced to consider whether wickedness and evil are outside sources that influence the people or, conversely, if evil and wickedness are inside every human being. The paper then looks at how both authors force the reader to consider what actions constitute evil and wickedness, particularly where social normalcy and self-preservation are involved. The paper also suggests that the texts vary in terms of community and social ties as an avenue of evil; "The Lottery" depicts social tradition and normalcy as an opportunity for seemingly senseless violence, while "Heart of Darkness" calls on human kinship as a way to avoid evil and corruption. The paper concludes that in addressing these complex issues, both Conrad and Jackson grapple with the same concerns: the perception of evil and its relationship with being human.
From the Paper
"Evil and wickedness are often talked about as an external force since people do not like to admit that they are capable of evil and wickedness. Instead, many like to believe that evil is an outside force that makes people do things or, at worst, an occasional individual who has become evil after being affected by such forces. For example, Neilson describes Kurtz when the "darkest element has taken control" (41). Does this imply that Kurtz is no longer himself and that a greater force is responsible for his acts? A similar quandary exists in "The Lottery." After reaching the end of the story, the reader has gotten to know the characters in Jackson's story. They seem to be normal, average citizens. How, then, can they be part of the brutal lottery ritual if some outside force is not acting upon them?"
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Living with Terminal Illness, 2008.
An analysis of the importance of a well-trained, empathic health force and modern facilities in supporting a patient with terminal illness.
2,235 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 0 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the difficulties that may be associated with having a terminal disease, in terms of a patient's contentment with life. It describes the resources and support that Canadian patients with terminal disease are fortunate in possessing. It discusses how these resources of a well-trained, empathic health force and modern facilities support social well-being. The paper provides examples from the literature.
From the Paper
"Quality of life in patients with terminal illnesses such as terminal cancer is no doubt a large concern for nurses. Unlike acute disease processes, terminal diseases in patients, while therapeutic relations between nurse and patient can strengthen over time, must also be evaluated to determine the effectiveness of treatment. In this case, it is the preparation of the patient and family in body, mind and spirit for that inevitable transition from life to death. Interventions to improve the quality of life of these patients have significant value as portrayed in the previous articles."
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Article Review: Why Toddlers Bite, 2008.
This paper reviews an article titled 'A New Bit on Toddler Biting- The Influence of Food, Oral Motor Development, and Sensory Activities' by Ramming, Kyger and Thompson published in "Young Children".
760 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that one of the most upsetting events for parents and children is when a child is bitten by another child. The author points out that the article addresses this problem from the standpoint of developmental problems including oral motor development, sensory integration and behavioral organization. The paper relates that Ramming, Kyger and Thompson believe that the best way to stop children from biting is to meet their developmental needs. The author surmises that, basically, children bite in reaction to different senses that they do not understand. The paper cites that the article suggests that the ways to prevent biting includes feeding the children foods that they can chew on and giving them oral stimulation brushes and other chewing objects.
From the Paper
"The authors believe biting is linked to oral development or the suck, swallow, and breathe synchrony. Children bite in order to change the environment. When a child feels stressed, the child bites to ease the stress. Sensory integration is related to the normal vision, hearing, taste, smell, and touch, but also proprioceptive sense, vestibular sense, and tactile sense. When any of these are threatened, a child may bite (Running, Kyger, and Thompson, 2006, 18). Children cannot understand many of the senses that they are feeling so they bite to reduce the stress. The hypothesis by the authors states centers on the belief that a child bites when he is trying to respond to a situation but lacks the ability to handle the situation."
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Personal Family Model and Non-Directive Teaching, 2008.
An analysis of the importance of family therapy and the factors that can affect its success.
1,586 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the personal family model and non-directive teaching within therapy. It discusses the importance of family members receiving group therapy to successfully redefine their roles and their interpersonal relationships within the family unit. It also describes the types of problems that may affect the treatment, the phases of treatments and what constitutes successful therapy for the individual within family therapy.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Background of the Topic
Personal Problems
Social Problems
Academic Problems
Treatment Phases for Autonomy
From the Paper
"The second phase of treatment occurs through building a trustworthy working relationship between the client and the mental health professional. This relationship is important, as the mental health professional will be recommending lifestyle changes and various psychological coping strategies to the client as the therapy progresses. This means that the client will have to trust the mental health professional in order to accept these recommendations and integrate changes into his or her personal lifestyle."
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The Therapeutic Relationship, 2008.
This paper explores the elements of a mental health professional's successful relationship with a client.
1,656 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper studies the characteristics of relationships formed between clients and mental health professionals, with the purpose of defining and describing the mental health professional's role and responsibilities in establishing a successful relationship. The paper looks at the importance of a relationship built on trust, integrity, reliability and empathic recognition of the client's past and current histories. The paper discusses the goal of empowering the client with autonomous self-directed decision-making skills.
Outline:
Introduction
Trust and Commitment
Suspension of Moral Judgment
Empathy
Freedom to Speak Openly
Problematic Relationships
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The therapeutic relationship is the single greatest component of the therapy process (Gerstein, 1999; Corey & Corey, 2005). It is recognized that therapy is facilitated through guidance, and while much of this guidance can eventually be self-directed by the client, the initial therapy process is dependent upon the strength, commitment, and direction provided to the client by the mental health professional (Collins, Jordan, & Coleman, 1999). If the client and the mental health professional are unable to form a successful working relationship, this guidance will not occur and the overall amount of progress made during therapy will be severely hindered, if indeed it is able to be achieved at all (Turner, 1996)."
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Counseling in Human Sexuality, 2008.
An overview of various counseling issues affecting human sexuality.
965 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how therapists who counsel human sexuality feel that the process involves a complex processing that involves the patient's interaction of biological, psychological and spiritual scope. These developments of one's sexuality seem to be forever expanding and intensifying. Specifically, and within a spiritual content, the paper discusses how authors Dr. and Mrs. Penner in "Counseling for Sexual
Disorders (Resources for Christian Counseling)" explore sexual dysfunctions through counseling with regards to therapy. It discusses how the three key points explained that seem crucial are inability of arousal, surviving sexual abuse, and the Christian view on sex.
From the Paper
"Although people may think that female sexual dysfunction stems from psychological reasons, there may be problems physically in terms of the female vagina. Or, sexual dysfunction can result from urinary issues, past sexual abuse, or something that may be chemically unbalanced. After the initial physical testing, say from the gynecologist, urologist and Internist, and there is nothing wrong in terms of sexual dysfunction, the next step is definitely counseling. However, some women feel embarrassed to seek counseling in this field and either blame themselves, blame their spouse, and/or blame their past relationship. Many women are informed to use various creams and ointment for pleasure however they return because the husband doesn't enjoy the feeling. Increasingly, women are being referred to counselors specializing in sexual disorders. "
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Health Psychology Reaction Paper, 2008.
A paper describing two articles: "How Americans Are Living Dangerously", by J. Kluger and "The Science of Anxiety" by C. Gorman.
805 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews two articles: "How Americans Are Living Dangerously", relating to how Americans perceive risks and the second article "The Science of Anxiety" dealing with the phenomenon of anxiety and its effects. The author explains that both articles were written for a readership of lay people unfamiliar with the field of health psychology, and points out that although the articles are informative, they lack credibility of an article from more specialized publications.
From the Paper
"The article is comprehensive in that it compiles the opinions of many experts in risk assessment. It is a multispecialty field, comprised of neuroscientists, psychologists, risk consultants and other academicians in various fields related to risk. Direct quotations from these experts are used often to emphasize points made by the author. The article is written in a type of "inverted triangle" format used such that it attracts attention before discussion of facts in a logical manner such that the reader is engaged by both anecdotes and facts, interwoven to provide a flow that all readers are accustomed to. Technical jargon is explained by examples and are easily comprehendible, perhaps more so than through the use of the strictly scientific (but otherwise precise) definition. This is in stark contrast to the structured format adhered to by the academe, particularly journal articles. This is understandable, since laymen reading this article can absorb the essence of the article rather than details which may be of trivial significance to them.
"While the article is informative and presents much insight into the concept of risk, the article's target audience is left with "just enough" information to be able to process and assimilate it. While the information it provides is indeed useful in promoting well-being, there is a superficial essence to it. This is understandable, since anyone with a more formal educational background would have the tendency to scrutinize this - and any - article relevant to his field of study. In this case, while facts are presented on after the other, there is an unsettling paucity of alternative, negating or even contradictory explanations."
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Child Sexual Abuse, 2008.
This paper discusses child sexual abuse and looks at possible effects of such a trauma on a child.
1,212 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that child sexual abuse results in numerous long-term effects on the victim's later functioning and those later effects are demonstrated in low self-esteem and maladaptive behavior. The writer maintains that sexuality cannot be regarded as confined to the genitals or reproductive process, but rather must be understood as one component of the personality which impacts on personal identity and self-esteem. The writer points out that child sexual abuse cannot be approached merely as an issue of sexuality nor as an isolated event. It is trauma which affects the child's view of the world and, without effective therapy, will affect the individual for the duration of his life. The outcome of sexual abuse has a wide range and is also subject to wide variation from psychiatric problems to suicide. The writer concludes that whatever form the actual abuse might take, it is always a traumatic event that has the potential to alter the child's development, and is approached as such by therapy.
From the Paper
"The victim is transformed in a negative way as a consequence of child sexual abuse. Until such an event occurs, the person normally has a sense of invulnerability or the idea that bad things cannot happen for them. After the traumatic event, however, the same individual as a consequence of having that illusion shattered will then expect victimization to reoccur. According to Gorran, the experience of sexual abuse inevitably leads to a pronounced inability to trust, which leads into later problems with interpersonal relationships which are associated with the same underlying mistrust that persists over the life span. A second effect of child sexual abuse is that it destroys the idea of a meaningful, stable, and predictable world. Prior to the event, the older child has a view of the world that some other person can be victimized but not herself or himself. It is when the victim is acquainted with the perpetrator of the sexual abuse that the world will no longer make sense and cannot be meaningful for the victim; this is also the defining feature of the whole psychological impact of traumatic stress disorder. Trauma can include the victim's conviction that there is something deeply wrong with herself or himself, and especially that in some way they have instigated the assault."
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