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Identity Crisis, 2008.
A discussion on the meaning of the term 'identity crisis' according to Erik Erickson.
848 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper states that in psychology, the term 'identity crisis' refers to conflict that a human being encounters when he goes through Erik Erickson's eight developmental states of life. The paper notes that according to Erickson, "the identity is a subjective sense as well as an observable quality of personal sameness and continuity..." . The paper confirms that to develop an identity one needs to go through eight stages of development, which are discussed in detail in this paper.
From the Paper
"Erickson's stages of psychosocial development span an individual's entire lifetime. Between each stage one experiences a conflict, the successful resolution of which results in such favorable outcomes and trust over mistrust. It is this period of conflict that causes the identity crisis.The stage most relevant to adolescents is stage five, which last from age twelve to age eighteen. It is during this stage that the most significant changes occur as, according to Erickson, it is during the adolescence stage that one develops their identity. Thus, in developing an identity, one often experiences confusion and difficulty with peer relations and establishing their role among others."
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Altruism, 2008.
Discusses several different sociological theories that explain altruism.
905 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses altruism and some of the sociological theories that are used to explain acts of altruism. The paper maintains that only the social-cognitive theory of altruism can explain why there are so many examples of extreme, yet commonly shared moments of altruism, where people risk their lives to help others, as well as examples of people in the same society that show extreme selfishness. The paper discusses the firefighters and citizens that risked their lives to save strangers in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of September 11th in New York City as examples of altruism and the lack of aid given victims of Hurricane Katrina as an example of selfishness. Social-cognitive theory is used to explain both types of responses.
From the Paper
"Philosopher Peter Unger points out that while most people would argue that it is a moral obligation for a person to jump into a river and muddy their clothes to save a drowning child, if they are physically capable of doing so, millions refuse to give to charity. "The Envelope. In your mail, there's something from UNICEF. After reading it through you correctly believe that, unless you soon send in a check for $100, then, instead of each living many more years, over thirty more children will die soon". But people throw the UNICEF envelope out and buy a new pair of shoes instead."
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Negotiating a Conflict, 2008.
Describes the different types of negotiation techniques and rules of those techniques.
1,190 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 0 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that, when a conflict is negotiated, the persons involved in the conflict agree on certain rules. The paper also points out that how the the conflict participants communicate is crucial to the negotiation and that the communication tactics that are chosen are subject to the rules of the negotiation. The paper then goes on to discuss the different communication tactics and negotiation strategies and the rules that apply.
From the Paper
"Collaborative negotiators don't fight. It's not that they don't look after their own self-interests, but the focus is on finding innovative ways to meet the needs of both sides so that everyone is happy. By working together they solve the problem that confronts them. They avoid attacking each other personally by confining their attention to the problem. They do everything they can to preserve their relationship. Taking a position in negotiation implies there is no other solution but one--it limits options--so collaborative negotiators avoid taking a position."
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Personal Power, 2008.
Looks at the role of personal power in a conflict.
1,180 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that there are many different views on the use of personal power, both negative and positive. The paper points out that assumptions about power are often found in the person's use of language. The paper gives examples of feeling guilty about the use of power and of ways to use power effectively, For example, the paper explains that, if a person wants a relationship to continue successfully over a long period of time, he will have to continually re-adjust the power balance according to the circumstances.
From the Paper
"All power is relationally connected. Being powerful is not a personal quality or characteristic or a "thing" that a person possesses. Somebody has to grant it to you because you have currencies they value. Power arises from the relationship dynamics. The situation helps to determine the power a person has in a relationship. Take, for example, the situation of domestic abuse. The husband verbally abuses his wife and seems to have "all the power" in the relationship."
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"Story of an Hour", 2008.
A psychological analysis of Kate Chopin's story "Story of an Hour".
1,155 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper provides a psychological analysis of "Story of an Hour" in conjunction with Freud's psychological theories and his categorization of human self. The paper discusses Freud's view that the self is composed of three parts and just looking at the tip of the iceberg can never reveal a person's whole personality. The paper shows how these ideas can be applied to the character of Mrs. Mallard.
From the Paper
"When applied to Kate Chopin's story 'Story of an hour', we notice that this happens to be very true in the case of Mrs. Mallard. Louise is a nineteenth century married woman who has just learned of her husband's possible demise in an accident. Instead of crying, she asks to be left alone and goes to her room to reflect. Everyone around her feels that this news has disturbed her a lot and thus she has retreated to her to mourn in solitude. This was the projection of her ego. This was the part of the self that she had become accustomed to showing to the world."
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Erik Erikson's Theories, 2008.
A comparison of Erik Erikson's psychoanalytic theories with those of Sigmund Freud.
795 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Erik Erikson's contribution to psychoanalytic theory and compares it to the theories of Sigmund Freud. It discusses the application of his theories not only to identity and personality, but also to social science issues, as well as his focus on the problems of children, adolescents and adults. The paper suggests that Erikson took the basics of Freudian theory and expanded it, placing emphasis on the social development and the development of the individual over the life cycle.
From the Paper
"Erikson has taken the basics of Freudian theory and expanded beyond the basics of psychosocial development placing emphasis on the social development and the development of the individual over the life cycle. His teachings moved away from man as a creature whose personal development was based upon his existence as a sexual being to that of the individual as a whole. Erikson was able to identify that personality differs from culture to culture, although it was his hypothesis that developmental tasks are similar to all cultures. Erikson took the initial psychological basis of Freud's work and was able to expand upon it, establishing a connection between childhood and adulthood (Leffert, 2007). Erikson's hypothesis showed that individuals were not necessarily prisoners of their pre-cognitive development, but rather adaptable individuals who could use the restructuring of negative or missed opportunities to develop positive outcomes, no matter what the stage of life."
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Qualitative Research Methods in Education, 2008.
A review on qualitative research in the field of education.
2,501 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the question: What has the greatest negative
impact on children's learning?: (1) socio-economic status or, (2) race. The paper states that to explore this issue, the following qualitative data collection approaches are used: (1) interview studies (2) participant observation, and (3) historical review. The paper describes the sampling and data collection procedures used to capture information on student learning, and analyzes the findings in this area.
Outline:
Interview Studies
Participant Observation
Historical Studies
Conclusions
From the Paper
" A key distinguishing feature here in historical analysis is the fact that many other methods fail to consider two plausible solutions to a question or problem. The historical approach suggests that both race and socio-economic status may be equally to blame for negatively impacting children in education and in life situations. This idea is not touched on in the works of other researchers analyzed for this study. This confirms the theories presented by Lin who suggests that a combination of approaches in qualitative research is most likely to provide the most accurate outcomes. "
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ADD/ADHD Students, 2008.
A brief psychology study skills guide for ADD and ADHD students
737 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a study skills guide for the subject of psychology in the high school setting for students with ADD/ADHD. Specifically, the subject students study is applied psychology, which focuses on applying psychological principles for psychologists working as social, sports, developmental, organizational or clinical psychologists.
Outline:
Study Skills for Remembering Basic Information on Topic
Study Skills for Graphically Organizing Information
Physical Changes Student Can Make to Improve Outcomes
From the Paper
"ADD/ADHD students often find it difficult to organize time efficiently to complete tasks. One way to assist them so learning is maximized is by creating a calendar, and on each day of the calendar outlining what skills and information the student should study or learn on those dates (Dennison, Schwiebert & Sealander, 2002). The authors note it is important that teachers work with students in multiple classes to help them learn a teacher's unique learning style so the student can better track materials, "course content and assignments" and even work with students to "modify tasks and instructions to help a student stay focused" (Dennison, Schwiebert & Sealander, 2002, p. 3). "
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The Sloppy Extrovert, 2008.
This paper explores the natures of introverts and extroverts based on the article "Caring for Your Introvert" by Jonathan Rauch.
818 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Rauch's article "Caring for Your Introvert" where the author describes the personality of introverts and extroverts. The paper then looks at the ideas of Suzanne Britt, who made her own categorization on the opposing personalities and labeled introverts as neat and extroverts as sloppy. The paper reveals that sloppy extroverts have the upper hand since society considers being outgoing normal and therefore desirable and a mark of happiness and confidence.
From the Paper
"Know thyself...love thyself are common axioms heard often. In understanding ourselves, we either look deep within or mirror others to who we are. Psychologists, sociologists and psychiatrists study people's personalities in the context of being individuals or in a group setting, but their studies oftentimes are too clinical or too detached to be really appreciated. Although if we put a bit of humor in these scientific studies, we may at least get the lighter side of personas and personalities, and be aware of whom we really are. Two distinct personalities are the introvert and the extrovert - extremes in every way and make."
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Roots of Violence, 2008.
A discussion and defense of the work "Ghosts from the Nursery: Tracing the Roots of Violence," by Robin Karr-Morse and Meredith S. Wiley.
1,198 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explores "Ghosts from the Nursery: Tracing the Roots of Violence," by Robin Karr-Morse and Meredith S. Wiley, which applies modern brain research to the role that early developmental processes play in later social and emotional development and actions. The author of the paper discusses how the disconnect between lower and upper brain functioning that Karr-Morse and Wiley's work outlines as the basis for impulsive disorders, explains tendencies such as rage expression, blackout, and self-harm in some impulsive individuals. The paper concludes that an education system that better responds to the pre-nursery school stages of development would seem logical, in order to better understand and correct juvenile delinquency.
From the Paper
"Additionally the overview offered by this article leads the reader to conclude that the major emphasis in psychological treatment of behavior disorders focusing on cognitive treatment may be a futile experiment and that the lower levels of brain function need to be the focus. (p. 45) The emphasis of this work is that lower brain levels are at work when imbalances in brain chemicals, under or over stimulation of the brain result in impulsive disabilities and without treatment of these areas, likely chemically and a greater understanding of the defects, these people will grow to become future impulsive individuals, with an inability to connect the upper thoughts with base responses to stressors."
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Psychoanalysis and Adlerian Therapies, 2008.
An analysis and comparison of the theory and application of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis and the Adlerian therapy to counseling.
2,241 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and compares two of the most common counseling therapies available to psychologists and counselors - Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis and Adlerian therapy. The paper describes the history and background of each of the therapies and discusses how they apply to counseling sessions. The paper also looks at the types of patients that will benefit most from each form of therapy.
From the Paper
"Adler's view of counseling was for the therapist to discover the error in the patient's lifestyle and, through it, lead him to greater maturity (UXL Newsmakers 2005). For this purpose, he devised diagnostic approaches. Among these were the theory of dreams, the meaning of early childhood recollections, and the role of birth order in the family. The counselor or therapist gains an understanding and experience of the patient, not characterized by depth, but from the context of the larger whole of his collective transactions. In Adler's view, this was how to effect a change in the person's self-view and his view of the world. He would then be reorganized. In addition, the patient could be drawn to appreciate his own power of self-determination and to develop the courage to use it. In order to motivate or incline the person or patient towards or against a goal, the counselor or therapist expresses disinterest or unconcern and thus develops feelings of trust and true fellowship. This openness to each other would make up where one's mother could have failed (UXL Newsmakers)."
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Benefits of Plastic Surgery, 2008.
This paper discusses the psychological benefits of plastic or cosmetic surgery and argues that they outweigh the health risks.
2,283 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that it is common knowledge that many people find it desirable to undergo surgery for facelifts and other kinds of "corrective" surgery. However, the writer points out that what is not perhaps as well known is that many people have "cosmetic" surgery for reasons that go well beyond vanity. Some have plastic surgery to eliminate severe facial deformities; some go under the knife to deal with the erosion of their self-esteem, while others get plastic surgery to repair a bothersome physical feature. This paper takes the position that while there are definitely risks involved in plastic surgery proceedings, in most cases the potential good that came come from the surgery is well worth the medical risk. And further, the writer maintains that the science of corrective surgery has reached the point where the risks are minimized and the results are very worth the risks. Still, it is very important for the patient to do his or her homework prior to going into cosmetic surgery. The material presented in this paper explains why advance research is vital.
From the Paper
"There have been instances in which people undergoing plastic surgery have been injured or killed. Two women died in New York in the Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital after undergoing plastic surgery in 2003, Shute explains; the hospital was fined $20,000 for "egregious violations" of safety procedures because of those deaths. In Florida there were eight deaths of plastic surgery patients over an 18-month period in 2003-2004; as a result, Shute continues, the health officials in Florida imposed a three-month ban on surgeries that combine liposuction and tummy tucks. What happens during cosmetic surgery that can cause death? According to this article people can and do get infections, especially when they go abroad to places like the Dominican Republic or Mexico for "cut-rate" surgery; in some foreign countries the attention to sterile, clean surgical conditions is perhaps not as great as it should be."
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