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Gestalt and Behavioral Therapies, 2008.
An explanation and comparison of Gestalt and behavioral therapies.
1,628 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a comparison of Gestalt and behavioral therapies and presents an overview and assessment of each therapy and the ways each are used in the field of counseling. The researcher proposes that the Gestalt approach to therapy is more patient-focused and may lead to quicker positive outcomes than behavior therapies, though the two therapies are much the same in terms of their purpose and ideals.
Outline:
Introduction
Gestalt Therapy
Behavioral Therapy
Assessment in Practice
Major Differences in Approach
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Gestalt "theory" and "therapy" are terms often used interchangeably. They focus on the individual in the present moment; combining their identity with the relationship, they have with the therapist to emphasize responsibility for one's behaviors and actions (James & Jongeward, 1996, p.30). Among the first theorists to believe in the gestalt approach were a Jewish psychologist and analyst known as "Fritz Perls" who incorporated many psychological influences when forming the idea that therapy should be holistic in its approach, and emphasize the client's responsibility for all actions and consequences personally (James & Jongeward, 1996). Using this line of thinking, a gestalt therapist would encourage someone who committed a crime for example, to take responsibility for their actions by recognizing the motives behind their actions and the consequences their actions had on others. This approach today is more common among therapists interested in integrated therapy, something gestalt therapy shares with many behavioral therapies, which attempt to adopt a mind/body approach (Fine & Schwebel, 1994)."
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Gender Identity Disorder, 2008.
A look at the clinical diagnosis of gender identity disorder, the cause and prevalence of the disorder, and controversies within the counseling profession related to gender identity disorder.
1,255 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper reports the diagnostic criteria and typical course of gender identity disorder including the theories of this disorder and the etiology and prevalence of this disorder. Evidence-based treatments found to be most effective are also reported as well as a consensus and controversies of the disorder in this field of study.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Clinical Diagnosis
Cause and Prevalence of GID
Controversies in the Field
Evidence-Based Therapies
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work of Duncan Osborne entitled: "Voices- Identity Crisis" relates the condition and the controversies very well in a story that tells of a five-year-old boy whom he treated. Later the child was treated as an adult. Osborne relates that generally these children who have been diagnosed with gender identity disorder grow up to be homosexual. Osborne reports a study conducted in the early 1980's by Green who finds that, among 44 such boys with gender identity disorder that: "...75% were either gay or bisexual and one wanted sex reassignment.""
According to Osborne, Psychologist Kenneth J. Zucker, head of Toronto's Child and Adolescent Gender Identity Service at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, is a "leading GID expert who has seen roughly 625 children or adolescents since 1978." (2003) According to Osborne, Zucker states that: "The majority of kids will have resolved their gender dysphoria and identify themselves as gay. We're also going to find that around 15% have a significant gender dysphoria that has persisted into adolescence and young adulthood to the point where they are wanting sex reassignment. If we add on to that a small minority of kids who report being heterosexual, we're seeing a real range of outcomes." (Osborne, 2
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Learning Disabilities, 2008.
Explores the relationship between learning disabilities and emotional problems such as depression and anxiety.
1,660 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explores learning disabilities that affect academic performance. Some of the more common forms of this category of learning disability is dyslexia (problems reading, or understanding what is written), dysgraphia (problems with handwriting or writing in a way the makes sense), and dyscalculia (problems with abstract math or calculations). The paper discusses how children with learning disabilities may be affected, how depression is often the primary cause of learning disabilities in children, treatment approaches, and the importance of the teacher in obtaining help for children with learning disabilities.
Table of Contents:
Understanding Learning Disabilities
Effects on the Home and School Environment
The Teacher and the Child with Learning Disabilities
Treatment and Help
From the Paper
"The connection between learning disabilities and depression needs to be taken seriously by teachers. Students with poor reading skills are more likely to drop out of school and have a suicide rate that is three times that of the normally reading population. The school plays an important role in the development of the child's emotional development. Difficulties at school can lead to difficulties in the emotional, social and family functioning of the child. It is estimated that only 1/4 to 1/3 of the children needing school receive the needed treatment."
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Psychology, Spirituality, and Healing, 2008.
A discussion on the book, "Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling" by M.R.McMinn.
978 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper states that Christianity and psychology have previously been regarded as inharmonious ideological systems. The paper then comments that M.R. McMinn's book, "Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling", however, attempts to establish a connection between the roles of believing a Christian and trained counselor. The paper relates M.R. McMinn's belief that serving as a psychological counselor does not mean that a therapist must give up spiritual guidance, and he also acknowledges that a minister today must often come to grips with the psychological needs of a client who is coping with a crisis. The paper further relates that for McMinn, mental and spiritual health are intertwined, thus psychology and Christian belief are not incompatible.
From the Paper
"But there was also a clear, deep spiritual craving to relate his longings to a cause larger than himself, and to engage in some form of self-improvement. Eric had a good will and a curiosity about the questions that grip the minds of so many adolescents, like 'why am I here,' and 'what is the purpose of all of this?' But his energies needed to be directed into more productive channels than drugs. Also, Eric lacked a true sense of interdependence. He had been brought up in an insecure value system, so he experimented with his personal morality, much in the same way he experimented with drugs. He saw himself as different and removed from other people, and justified his use of drugs because he was not using drugs (he said) for the same reason as people who just wanted to get high to enjoy a part or feel buzzed. By becoming a part of a substance-free community that fulfilled his spiritual needs, Eric might have gained a positive sense of connection, rather than merely defining himself against other people. This desire for isolation, obviously, may have been rooted in a failure to trust other people that were the result of his difficult family upbringing, as he was the child of divorced parents, and a biological father who was an alcoholic."
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Carl Rogers, 2008.
An analysis of the background and achievements of the American psychologist, Carl Rogers.
982 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Carl Rogers, a prominent American psychologist who is best known for being one of the founding fathers of the humanist approach to psychology. The paper discusses Rogers' personal background and focuses on his achievements in the realm of psychology. The paper looks at the highlights of his career, including books that he wrote and studies that he conducted.
From the Paper
"Rogers' person-centered approach focused on the development of the individual personality. According to Rogers, the personality is something that developed in principles rather than stages, with the main issue being the development of a self-concept and the progression from an undifferentiated self to being a completely differentiated individual. According to Rogers, a fully functioning individual would exhibit such characteristics as a growing openness to experience (or a move away from defensiveness), along with an increasingly existential lifestyle where the individual lives each moment fully and does not distort the moment in order to fit their personality or self concept but instead lets their personality emanate from their experiences."
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Freud's Theory of Jokes and "The Colbert Report", 2008.
An analysis of Sigmund Freud's theory of jokes and whether it can be applied to "The Colbert Report."
716 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Sigmund Freud's theory of jokes, specifically focusing on triangulation and seduction. The paper then analyzes whether Freud's triangulated theory of joking applies to an explicitly political work of comedy like that of "The Colbert Report," a contemporary television satire, where the object of the joke is not personally known to the individual telling or listening to the joke.
From the Paper
"The media tries to use Hillary's appearance and femininity against her like a dirty joke, to intentionally and sometimes unintentionally make her seem like a less serious contender for the White House, but Colbert engages in aggression against the sexism of the media by pretending to be outraged along with commentators from conservative shows as they obsess over Hillary's name change and what she has called herself in the past. The listener is presumably 'in' on the joke, and laughs along with Colbert, and feels better about Hillary. Finally, Colbert playfully notes that he would love to hear what Governor Mike Huckabee who lost 112 pounds was wearing as well as Hillary, during a recent appearance, and wonders why Rudolph Giuliani has not changed his name, given how many times he has been married. Showing that male candidates are not held to the same standards as Hillary in terms of beauty or being judged by their marital status brings the real point of the satiric report home, and provides a punch line. The affirmed relationship of the comic commentary is largely social, as listener and teller affirm mutual political point of view, in a positive way. The joke also affirms a personal need in at least some listener's minds to invalidate the sexist standards of the media."
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Suicide among the Elderly, 2008.
An analysis of the factors that contribute to elderly people considering suicide and what can be done to prevent it.
1,541 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper examines why older people, especially those suffering from depression and other illnesses, give consideration to suicide. It discusses the signs that carers should look out for that indicate that an elderly person may be considering suicide. The paper also looks at what can be done to prevent these aging citizens from harming themselves.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Available Literature Reflecting Pertinent Studies
Intervention Programs
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is clear that many older people, for a variety of health and situational reasons, give serious consideration to suicide. It is also clear that when there is psychosocial intervention, those older people begin to become more positive about their lives. And beyond that, the data found while researching this paper indicates that more seniors prefer counseling over antidepressant drugs; but counseling services are not available to many older people. The answer for community-based health care service providers is to increase the number of counselors available to the elderly, decrease the number of prescriptions for antidepressant drugs, and give special attention to the low income sector of older people because they are the most often in need and most often neglected."
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| Term Paper # 107691 |
temporarily unavailable
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Dream Interpretation and Metaphysics, 2008.
A research paper to determine the impact of culture on dreams and dream interpretation.
8,893 words (approx. 35.6 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 185.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the role that archetypes play in the grief dreams of Americans with different cultural backgrounds, to determine what role, if any, culture plays in the dreamscape. The paper provides a literature review on grief dreams and studies the grief dreams of people from different cultures, including African-Americans, Vietnamese-Americans, Mexican-Americans and Indian-Americans. The paper describes the results that show that while cultural aspects may not change the basic content of grief dreams, it is clear that one's cultural orientation can certainly change how one views and interprets a grief dream and the archetypes present in such dreams.
Outline:
Chapter One: Introduction
Chapter Two: Review of Literature
Chapter Three: Methods
Chapter Four: Results
Chapter Five: Discussion
Chapter Six: Summary and Conclusions
From the Paper
"Every person dreams. Whether the dreamer remembers those dreams, or believes they drift into a dark see of absolute nothingness in sleep, the fact is that all people demonstrate the brain and eye activity that researchers know is associated with dreams. However, given that so many people fail to remember their dreams, it is clear that not all dreaming is memorable and productive. Even those dreamers who remember the majority of their dreams may find most of them to be insignificant and inconsequential. Likewise, even those people who find most of their dreams to be absolutely unmemorable occasionally have a dream that they believe reveals something significant. "
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Lifespan Development Theory, 2008.
This paper looks at the expectation theory that concerns child and adolescent development.
2,486 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer presents an examination of the expectation development theory as it relates to child and adolescent life span development. The theory is developed by the writer using the character Forrest Gump as the case study. The writer notes that though the character Forrest Gump is a fictional character in a movie, the character provides a perfect back drop for understanding and applying the invented theory of expectation development. The writer concludes that the movie shows the world that the theory can be applied to human life with little regard to particular cultures or societies and this lends credibility to the truth of the theory itself.
From the Paper
"The Expectation Theory of Life Span development involves several stages of life. It is built on the idea that individuals pass through various stages of expectations and if these stages are successfully met and handled they are mentally, emotionally and physically able to move into the next step of their life span development.
The theory examined and discovered that the importance of adults, peers and others in the life of an individual alternates as various stages of development are entered into and conquered.
"The first stage of the theory involves the child's expectations of the world. As the child is born and travels through his or her basic infancy the child develops expectations of the world and how the world should react to his needs.
This is observed by a child's cry when hungry, wet or ill and the expectation of that child that his or her needs will be met by those that surround his or her life.
"One example of this can be seen in the child who cries when hungry. The expectation the child has from that cry is that one of the caretakers will appear with a bottle or breast, however if that does not happen the child begins to expect negative results from his or her cry. This makes it difficult to move into the next stage of development."
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Dreams, 2008.
An overview of dreams and their interpretations.
1,733 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses dreams and their interpretation, explaining the different ideas that have emerged from different cultures and overtime. The paper contends that, despite the fact that there is a great deal of information available regarding dreams and their meanings, there is still much debate as to what is considered to be correct.
Content:
Introduction
Dreams and The Ancient World
Dreams and The Western World
Dreams and The New Age
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Despite this, however, there are still many arguments as to what dreams actually mean and whether they mean anything at all. Opinions differ - sometimes quite strongly - on meaning and value when it comes to dream interpretation. This is unfortunate for those trying to study dreams because the information that they find is often confused and conflicting. However, it is not unexpected that these differences of opinion would be quite strong because individuals have so many specific ways of looking at things and many people are still of the mind-set that they are correct and that everyone else is wrong."
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Motivational Strategies at Costco.com, 2008.
An evaluation of the value of several different models of organizational motivation as they relate to Costco's internal development efforts in creating its website, Costco.com.
2,968 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the motivational theories behind Costco's adoption of several electronic initiatives including online catalogs and a re-vamped and multifunctional website. The author describes the strengths and weaknesses of five motivational strategies that Costco's management could potentially use to motivate key personnel to create a new Costco.com, and suggests which strategies are likely to provide the best foundation for Costco's changes. The author explains the importance of change management in some of these strategies, and concludes that strong leadership is critical in motivating employees and setting changes in motion.
Outline
Overview of the DICE Model
Business Process Reengineering
Exploring Lewin's Model
Exploring the Speed of Change Model
Theories E and O of Motivation
Motivational Theories with the Greatest Potential to Motivate Costco Employees
Success Factors in managing Motivation at Costco
For Costco.com to succeed, Customers' Needs Must Dominate IT Strategies'
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the context of Coscto.com, their efforts to significantly re-vamp their electronic initiatives will need to include some element business process re-engineering and management, as the underlying processes within the company will need to change to better serve online customers. While Michael Hammer claims that for change to be significant it has to be severe, for Costco.com the change needs to be gradual and focused more on streamlining the customer experience online through better integration of systems."
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