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Social Security, 2006.
This paper presents a clear and concise overview of America's Social Security Administration from its implementation in the 1930s to the present.
1,713 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper delves into the main premise of the Social Security Administration (SSA) in which employers and employees pay into the system to insure financial benefits upon retirement. This paper details the history of the SSA, which was first introduced as the "Old Age And Survivors Insurance" program. This paper analyzes the impact of the U.S. economy during times of instability and recession in which the SSA's financial reserves were significantly depleted. This paper looks at the administration's current financial reserves as well as the fact that by the year 2035 the number of people aged 65 or older will jump from the current 37 million to 75 million, which will greatly impact future social security beneficiaries. The writer of this paper discusses the various options and strategies available to recoup the SSA's depleted reserves, including privatization as well as increasing the amount paid into the system by way of employers and employees. This paper also explores President Bush's and the Republican party's general support of partial privatization.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
History
The Problem
Solutions
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"President Bush advocates partial privatization of Social Security, which he believes will reduce American dependence on the program (Toner, PAGE). Other Republicans agree with him, pointing out that the program was designed as we were recovering from a depression and that now many more people are comfortable making their own investments (Toner, PAGE). Social security, as the one program that affects 95% of the population in one way or another, is a natural target for those who would like to decrease federal involvement in individuals' lives. However, some experts have concerns about the prospect of workers investing some of the money they would otherwise contribute to Social Security because they view social security as a financial safety net."
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Co-Ed Military Training, 2005.
This paper discusses the problems created by young women and men sharing bedrooms during army basic training.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in 1998, a full scale investigation of the issue of mixed-sex training concluded unanimously that mixed-sex basic training and housing should be ended; however, the most that came from the report was that the Army agreed to install partitions in the barracks to discourage sexual encounters. The author points out that the panel urged the military services to keep the sexes in separate barracks at the platoon level for the ten week of basic training; yet, men and women would still train together. The paper relates that, while careful not to sound tolerant of sex crimes or harassment, critics declare that placing young men and women together during the first weeks of training and particularly placing seemingly all-powerful male drill sergeants in charge of young female recruits, is simply a recipe for trouble.
From the Paper
"There were so many female recruits who were unable to pass hand grenade tossing tests at one Army base that authorities simply changed the standards, setting different requirements for male and female recruits, reports analyst James Anderson of the Heritage Foundation, in his paper, "Boot Camp or Summer Camp? Restoring Rigorous Standards to Basic Training" . Anderson says that in an effort to entice and retain women, basic training has become much more feminized, de-emphasizing toughness and rigor. At Great Lakes Naval Training Center, recruits are now shown a video that tells them that "anyone can make it through boot camp," when actually the point should be that not everyone can make it."
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Excessive Use of Police Force, 2006.
This paper analyzes the issue of police brutality while also discussing the role of the media in depicting cases of unwarranted excessive force on the part of law enforcement officers.
1,131 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the use of excessive police force primarily among minorities. This paper discusses the various reasons excessive force not only occurs but continues to grow at an alarming rate. This paper contains data and statistics relevant to this particular topic. This paper discusses the issue of police brutality from the point of view of law enforcement officers who insist that excessive force is used in less than 1% of contacts with civilians and suspects. This paper also delves into this issue from the point of view of African-Americans who contend that police brutality is significantly higher than the claims made by law enforcement officers. The writer analyzes the systematic biases that are present when debating this controversial topic. This paper discusses the fact that officers are rarely convicted for improper use of violence which indirectly contributes to this growing problem. This paper examines the role of the media in depicting police brutality while also detailing the case of Tyisha Miller, a young black woman killed by police in California.
Table of Contents:
A National Pattern
Systemic Bias
Media Ownership
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Many members of various minority groups feel that they are unfairly targeted, especially with regard to the use of excessive force and the differences that white and black residents ascribe to these incidents. In many cases, such as the cases of Wilson and Oregon, the incidents are sparked by non-violent offenses. In addition to fatal shootings, many police officers are also resorting to the use of TASER or stun guns, in situations which were previously resolved without the use of force. Statistics from the Orange County Sheriff's Office in Florida, for example, show a stunning increase in the use of TASERS. In 2000, there were only three reported uses of TASER guns. a mere two years later, that figure jumped to 295."
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Safety Guidelines in the Airline Industry, 2005.
The goal of this well-researched paper is to stress the importance of recognizing and removing potential safety hazards in both the airline industry and the military.
2,190 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper details the standard safety guidelines that must be followed by both the airline industry and the military, as set forth by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The writer examines the goals of OSHA and the FAA which is to ensure the safety and well-being of America's workers by regulating and enforcing specific standards, providing training and education while also encouraging constant improvements of safety standards in the workplace. This paper discusses the various areas of employment in the aviation industry including baggage handlers, forklift drivers and general ground crews. This paper also details the types of safety and health risks in the industry which include: Dangerous carbon dioxide levels, electrocution, vehicle injuries, ramp operation incidents as well as disruptive passengers. This paper discusses an incident in which two general ground workers died due to carbon monoxide poisoning, while refueling their vehicles. This paper also examines the various differences in the safety guidelines between the military and the airline industry as well as the logic behind the differences.
From the Paper
"Baggage handling can cause back injuries. Many times employees lift heavy baggage, which can eventually take its toll on airline workers. In addition, electrocution can occur on the flight line. For example, one man got electrocuted while he repaired airport runway lights. He was a 54-year old certified electrician of an electrical contracting company. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), SARS is a viral respiratory illness caused by a corona virus, called SARS-associated corona virus (SARS-CoV). SARS was first reported in Asia in 2003. Over the next few months the illness spread to more than two dozen countries in North America, South America, Europe and Asia, before the SARS global outbreak of 2003 was contained (CDC, 2005). This disease is important for airline employees to become aware of and to learn proper safety measures to assist in avoiding such a disease from occurring, as it can be fatal."
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The Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2006.
This paper reviews and analyzes the legal aspects surrounding the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970.
1,080 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The writer of this informative paper defines and explains the concerns and goals of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSHA) which is applicable to all employers and their employees in the U.S. as well as the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. This paper analyzes the Federal OSHA standards which are categorized into four main groups comprised of general industry, construction, maritime and agriculture. This paper examines those individuals and industries which are exempt from OSHA's requirements and regulations including self-employed individuals and farms which employ only family members of the actual owner. This paper details the various conditions employers must adhere to when complying with OSHA's standards and regulations. The writer contends that the adherence to the standards may incorporate ensuring that employees are supplied with the necessary safeguards and tools to guarantee their personal safety and health. This paper also delves into the legal rights of both the employer and employee in matters pertaining to OSHA.
From the Paper
"The Federal OSHA standards are categorized into four major groups such as general industry, construction, maritime and agriculture while some standards are particular to just one category others are applicable across industries. The regulation necessitates the employer to grant the employee access to any medical records the employer maintains with regard to that employee, incorporating any records about the exposure of employees to toxic substances. The standard of personal protective equipment requires the employers to extend the employees with personal equipment devised to safeguard them against some hazards. The equipment can extend from safeguarded helmets to avoid head injuries in construction and cargo transportation work, to protect the eyes, safeguard the hearing capabilities etc. The California Legislature enacted the California Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1973 in order to ensure the workers safe and healthy working environment for all Californian working men and women."
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Public Sector Accountability, 2005.
This paper discusses that the public sector in Australia is accountable to society for meeting its chartered goals.
1,410 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the top management of public sector organizations is accountable to the community and this accountability must be exercised in a manner which supports rather than stalls the efficient management of the agency. The author points out that the urgency for greater public sector accountability arises from the actuality that most agencies have a defined mission and objectives and exist and are given resources to provide value to the community in particular ways. This paper explains that, through legislation, standards of accountability are established and accountability is determined.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Increased Demand for PSA
Accountability Excesses
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The enactment of the Whistleblower Protection Act was done in the year 1889 in part as the Office of the Special Counsel or OSC was considered to be incompetent. During that period OSC had not brought to the notice of the Merit Systems Protection Board since 1979 on behalf of a whistleblower. Whistleblowers complained the Governmental Affairs Committee that they considered the OSC as an antagonist, instead of being an ally, and recommended the Committee for closure of the office for good. However, the Committee preferred to strengthen the office, thereby giving a further chance to act insistently on behalf of the whistleblowers. The Whistleblower Protection Act provided the OSC a new charter to "protect employees, especially whistleblowers, from prohibited personnel practices" and to "act in the interest of employees" who look forward for its assistance."
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Investing in America's Future, 2006.
This paper analyzes the current situation in America regarding education, employment and basic health care while stressing the need for major and immediate improvements in all areas.
1,404 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper details the increasing unemployment rates in the U.S. while proposing several strategies to combat this and other growing problems in America. This paper discusses the 1933 implementation and success of the Civilian Conservation Corps., initiated by President Roosevelt and designed to aid Americans during the depression era. The writer contends and explains why a similar program would be effective in today's society. The program would offer jobs and financial assistance for education as well as health benefits. This paper discusses the growing lack of affordable health care in America. This paper also examines America's education system while comparing its standing to other countries around the world. This writer stresses the need for accountability on the part of both the administrators and the teachers in order to raise the current standard in America's public schools.
From the Paper
"Over forty million people in this country have no regular access to health care. Most of these are people who earn too little to pay premiums on individual health insurance policies or are not employed by companies that offer health insurance benefits. In spite of this, we continue to treat illegal immigrants and their dependents the same as legal residents. Over the last several decades, and despite the severe fiscal crises faced by local and state governments, political leaders continued to promote policies that grant costly benefits to people who violate immigration laws. One out of every four uninsured people in the United States is an illegal immigrant. Almost half of these immigrants have either no insurance or have it provided to them at taxpayers' expense. In some hospitals, as much as two-thirds of total operating costs are for uncompensated care for illegal aliens."
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Stock Market Crash of 1987, 2006.
This paper analyzes the stock market crash of 1987, by tracing its background, the events of the day in the financial markets and the effects of the crash on the U.S. and global economy.
3,847 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
The writer of this well-researched paper compares the events of 1987 to those which occurred in 1926, which brought about the Great Depression. This paper examines the causes and consequences of the 1987 crash, while also discussing the policy responses to the event and its future implications. This paper analyzes the status of the stock market 5 years prior to the crash. From 1982-1987 the Dow Industrial Average had risen from 776 points in August 1982 to a record high of 2,722 points in August 1987. This paper delves into the warning signs that were evident, prior to the crash, yet were largely ignored, including a weakening U.S. dollar, a rising trade deficit, inflation and the first short term interest raise in 3 years by the Federal Reserve. The writer discusses how the crash not only affected the U.S. stock market, but markets around the world as well. This paper looks at the U.S. trade and budget deficits that rose steadily during the 1980s, which have also been blamed for the crash. This paper delves into how the Federal Reserve responded to the crash, while also examining the reform measures taken to prevent a similar disaster in the future.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background
An In-depth Look at the Crash
Causes of the Crash
Federal Reserve's Response
Reform Measures
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"In the wake of the crash of 87 many analysts, including a presidential task force, laid the blame for the decline squarely on portfolio insurance. As evidence, they quoted the fact that portfolio insurance alone accounted for 12% of the selling in stock and index futures markets on October 19, 1987. According to the "blame portfolio insurance" theory, portfolio insurers came to the Monday's opening armed with an overhang of unexecuted sell orders from the accelerating decline of the previous week and placed large sell orders to initiate the decline in the market. From then onwards, as the market declined further during the day, the sell orders by the portfolio insurers kept on increasing to cater for their back log. To make matters worse, other investors who were not familiar with portfolio insurance, saw the declining prices and assumed that the selling was based on fundamentals and joined the queue of sellers; thus perpetuating the vicious circle."
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Fostering Cultural Diversity in Public School, 2006.
This paper analyzes the various methods and strategies for implementing and fostering a harmonious and multicultural curriculum in public school settings.
1,422 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the cause and effect of racial and ethnic divisions, among various minority groups in the U.S., which have manifested in a wide variety of contexts, many of them violent. This paper explores the various initiatives taken up by parents, teachers and administrators across America, designed to facilitate and support cultural diversity in the public school system, while at the same time decreasing the levels of ethnic conflicts. The writer contends and explains why the previous approaches, geared towards educating America's youth about other cultures, were inadequate to meet the needs of a multicultural society, competing in a globalized marketplace. The writer of this paper presents a five-stage lesson plan, designed to effectively enrich and encourage multicultural educational opportunities in America's public school system. This paper also presents and cites published research and data relevant to this specific topic.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background and Overview
Rationale
Alternatives to Resolution
Detailed Lesson Plan to Promote Cultural Harmony
Summary and Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"According to Ihator, the increasingly globalized nature of the business world has created the need to be able to identify, study and understand the worldviews, mindsets, and habits of global publics in order to effectively communicate. In this regard, "Communication styles and meaning, as well as realities, as perceived by individuals are culturally induced," he says. Students are going to require a sufficient amount of knowledge about the languages and cultures of other countries in order to effectively communicate with members of those societies; in fact, even in countries where English is spoken, the pattern and meaning of the English language may be different because of the cultural influence. As a result, fluency in language alone may be insufficient to community effectively with people in other countries; to accomplish effective communications, this expertise must be combined with the knowledge of the culture of the native speakers."
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Coal Miner Safety, 2005.
This paper is a case study of discrimination meted out to miners for complaining about lack of safety conditions prevailing at an underground mine.
2,135 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper relates the case of Misty Mountain Inc., a mining company, which is facing multiple discrimination charges by the U.S. Department of Labor for having illegally discriminated and dismissed two local miners who complained about hazards, thus infringing the federal Mine Safety and Health Act. The author points out that this charge is based on the federal Mine Safety and Health Act, 1977, which bars companies from dismissing or harassing miners who deny work in hazardous circumstances and report matters regarding threat of safety at workplaces. The paper contends that the MSHA is juggling with the statistics of miners' deaths, which is a problem, because precise reporting of injuries related to mining activities is important to the persistent enhancement in the occupational safety in the mines of the country.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Case Study
Mine Act
The Real Face
From the Paper
"In yet another case Castle, Mystic Energy Inc, mine employee, lost his life on July 26 in the mine premises when his vehicle dashed with a coal truck on a company haul road. MSHA has failed to take cognizance of the accident and has not termed it as 'chargeable'. Even though the policy of MSHA is unequivocal as regards workers/miners who lose their lives on the premises of the mines, the death of that worker is chargeable. Within the ambit of the definition of worker is included not just mine employees, but even salesmen, delivery people or others with business interests at the mine site."
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The U.S. Government, 2006.
This in-depth paper examines the various branches of the U.S. government while also analyzing the Bill of Rights and the U.S. Constitution.
4,327 words (approx. 17.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 114.95
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Abstract
This well-researched paper explores the term democracy, while focusing on the general makeup of the U.S. government. The writer contends that democracy is a government by the people, for the people, run directly by them or through their duly elected representatives. This paper details the history of the American voting system, which is a key activity of a modern democracy. The writer of this paper discusses and cites various portions of the the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights, which establishes the legislative branch of the government. This paper examines the historic events that led to the 1776 War of Independence between America and Britain. This paper briefly discusses the current political climate in America, while also supplying a brief overview of the democratic and republican platforms.
From the Paper
"The downward trend of less party affiliation and less party voting proceeded from the simple argument that one did not need to be a Republican or a Democrat to pave a road. Those who favor nonpartisan elections claim that the job of a member of the city council is not to debate on national issues but to maintain the neighborhood part, keep it clean and fix occasional potholes and these functions do not need partisan solutions. Nonpartisan election was a reform introduced by the Progressive Party at the turn of the 20th century. The Progressive Party wanted city governments to respond more to community needs and less to self-interested party manipulation. Non-partisan elections would remove party influence from the race; allow candidates who do not need to adjust their ideas to the approval of parties to run; and compel voters to search out more information on a candidate. Advocates say that a more active and informed citizenry would increase voter turnout."
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Mayoral Control of Public Schools, 2005.
This paper analyzes the rationale for and against mayoral control of the public schools.
2,780 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in recent years, the mayors of a number of large cities, including Chicago and New York, have asserted varying degrees of control over the schools in their cities, even though these cities often have independently-elected school boards, in an effort to improve educational quality. The author indicates that mayoral control can range from the mayor publicly supporting a slate of school board candidates to having the power to appoint several board members to having budgetary authority over the schools and the power to appoint the chief administrative officer. The paper relates that the research is not conclusive; however, in the cases of Chicago and Boston, where mayoral control has been in place the longest, the successes can be attributed to the right kind of mayoral takeover with clear authority and a highly motivated municipal leader.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Rationale in Support of Mayoral Control of Public Schools
Rationale Opposing Mayoral Control of Public Schools
Likely Impact of Greater Mayoral Control
From the Paper
"Citing the example of the first public schools system to adopt mayoral control, Chicago's public schools were by all accounts among the worst in the nation when Mayor Richard M. Daley received the authority to resolve the crisis - and a crisis it was: "By the time the Illinois Legislature gave Mayor Richard M. Daley control of the Chicago public schools in 1995," Merl says, "the system was by most accounts a mess. It was running a $1.8-billion deficit, schools were crumbling and student test scores were in the basement. A few years earlier, then-Education Secretary William Bennett had called Chicago schools the worst in the nation" Chicago in particular had invested much time and effort to reverse the trend toward big city government and a powerful mayoral office, so the Illinois legislature was clearly reaching for solutions."
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