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Research Evaluation: Interns' Extended Work Shifts, 2006.
This paper analyzes research by Barger et.al. entitled "Extended Work Shifts and the Risk of Motor Vehicle Crashes among Interns".
1,660 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the purpose of the Berger study was to validate concerns regarding the association between extended work shifts and driving safety among postgraduate physicians by using the follwoing hypothesis: "Are the vehicle collisions and/or near accidents reported by medical interns directly caused by or associated with working extended shifts?" The author points out that the major scientific strengths of this study were that the data did reveal a direct correlation between medical interns working extended hours and unsafe driving and the convergence of the crash results used two independent methods of exposure-data collection, both of which supported the hypothesis. The paper relates that the study had a number of scientific limitations: Participating interns may not have been representative of this population and the case-crossover analysis cannot account for the contribution of within-person factors that may have been co-variables with exposure status.
Table of Contents:
Problem, Study Purpose & Research Question
Hypothesis & Study Variables
Conceptual Model/Theoretical Framework &Literature Review & Study Design
Sample & Setting
Extraneous Variables
Study Instruments and Tools & Data Collection Methods
Data Analysis Procedures & Strengths & Limitations
From the Paper
"The data collection methods used were appropriate for the study, although they had several limitations. Advertisements announcing the study and its' monetary incentive were sent via email to interns matched to a residency by the National Resident Matching Program and to graduates of United States medical schools. Responses to questions regarding work hours, extended duration shifts, motor vehicle crashes, near-miss accidents, and incidents of involuntary sleeping behind the wheel were collected."
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Effects of Parental Smoking, 2007.
This paper presents a research design for a study about the effects of parental smoking.
2,179 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes and discusses the outline for a study about the effects of parental smoking on children. In particular, it focuses on the research question of whether children of smokers tend to become smokers themselves. Various statistics related to the dangers of smoking are presented. The author states that research gathered from the questionnaires and other methods would be used to help young smokers to overcome their addiction.
Outline:
Introduction
Problems of the Study
Objectives of the Study
Hypothesis
Significance of the Study
Subjects of the Study
Limitations of the Study
Ethical Considerations
Measurements
Data Collection Methods
Analysis
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Despite these facts, smoking is still one of the most common vice among people nowadays. More and more people are becoming "addicted" to it, this include youngsters and the old ones. In the US alone, statistics shows that 80% of smokers start smoking before they reach the age of 21 (http://unr.edu/homepage/shubinsk/whosmok1.html, 1999). Furthermore, there are also various studies that were conducted proving that one in five high school seniors smoke daily and 70% of the total high school student population has tried cigarettes, while 3000 teenagers start smoking each day (http://unr.edu/homepage/shubinsk/whosmok1.html, 1999)."
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Human Subjects' Protection, 2007.
An analysis of the role of The Office for Human Research Protections and the Institutional Review Boards for all human-subject research.
1,183 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the role of The Office for Human Research Protections in the United States, which was expanded in 2000 to oversee not only federally funded tests, but all human-subject research. The paper describes the challenges of the changes that were introduced and how they can be addressed. It then discusses the Institutional Review Boards (IRB) and their role. The paper concludes by discussing the consequences of opposing the local IRB mandated training for researchers. The paper contains a large section of original source documents appended to the paper.
Table of Contents:
I. Introduction
From a Yelp to a Roar
II. Challenges to Changes
III. Either you be . . .
From the Paper
"Institutional Review Boards (IRBs), created by universities and academic medical centers, establish committees called to review experimental protocols involving humans. Traditionally, as federal regulations were regarded as performance-based guidelines, IRBs discretionally acted on a protocol-by-protocol basis. Temporary shutdown of several academic IRBs during the past few years, along with the ensuing cessation of clinical research, encouraged administrators and researchers to begin to better protect subjects enrolled in trials, in order to move forward with their research projects. (Wynes, Martin, and Skorton)"
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Qualitative Research Methods, 2007.
A comparison of the methods used in quantitative versus qualitative research.
1,846 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes qualitative research methods and compares it to the methods used in quantitative research. The paper specifically focuses on two articles which discuss food safety and correct handling procedures - "Food-Handlers' Beliefs and Self-Reported Practices" by D.A. Clayton, C.J. Griffith, P. Price and A.C. Peters and "Factors Impacting Food Workers' and Managers' Safe Food Preparation Practices: A Qualitative Study", by L.R. Green and C. Selman. This paper compares the methods used in each articles and discusses what makes one quantitative and one qualitative in its methods.
From the Paper
"Qualitative research has grown somewhat in the last several years, as new ideas have been tried and expanded upon (Wolcott, 1995). This is significant for many individuals that are working on research projects today, because qualitative research has become much more widely used and also much more widely respected than it was in the past. Social science areas of research have used and respected qualitative methods for some time, but it has not been that long ago that other areas of research started becoming more involved with the qualitative method as well (Denzin & Lincoln, 2000). The quantitative method is still very necessary for many of the areas of research that are seen today, as statistics are necessary, but the move toward more qualitative areas of research is significant and worth noting (Wolcott, 1995; Flyvbjerg, 2006; Denzin & Lincoln, 2000)."
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HIV Testing for Women, 2007.
This paper presents a study about HIV testing for women.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a study about women and HIV testing, with an emphasis on the research methods used. The primary method of analysis used for this qualitative research was a literature survey. The paper further discusses HIV in women, including prevention. The author presents other aspects of the study, including how women were recruited from a clinic and asked questions in order to understand their experience of initial HIV testing. The author offers criticism of the study at several points. The paper concludes stating the limits of the research design.
From the Paper
"The research begins by noting how many testing centers are trying to follow the goals set by the Department of Health and Human Services, as published in 2000. This procedure includes a counseling component to increase awareness of HIV status and of how to prevent HIV iunfection. One element that seems to increase testing and proper use of the results is anonymity in testing. Still, the authors find a need to understand the factors that influence women seeking such tests."
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Australian Aboriginal Children's Service, 2006.
This paper is a research proposal to study service provision to Australian Aboriginal children under the age of six years old with intellectual disability.
890 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that social work in Australia, specifically in relation to intellectually disabled children under the age of six years old, is an area of services provision that yet has to achieve its maximum potential. The author points out that the proposed study design will be interpretive in nature utilizing a questionnaire for data collection, which will be coded, grouped and tabulated for analysis. The paper relates that the research will be used to identify specific unmet needs and for developmental planning to meet these needs, which is critical in Australia. The paper includes a figure and several embedded quotations.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Introduction
Identification of Stakeholders
Literature Review
Figure: Unmet Needs of Intellectually Disabled Children and Their Families
Methodology
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"One type of intellectual disability is related in the work entitled: "The Too-Hard Basket: Education for People who are Deafblind". The authors, Bidenko and James states that there are more than 70 known causes of deaf-blindness, with each cause brining a unique set of needs for the individual. Unfortunately, it is also related that the provision of education of children who are congenitally deaf-blind in Australia, can over the past 2 or 3 decades, be compared with that prior to 1750, of people who were deaf. Another problem that is noted in the country of Australia is the fact that approximately one in four parents was informed of their child's diagnosis by the time their child was three years old. Half the parents had been informed by the time their child was four and a half."
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Obesity and Psychosomatic Illness, 2006.
A research study looking at whether obese post-operative patients have a higher incidence of psychosomatic disorders and illnesses than non-obese post-operative patients.
2,910 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that there have been many studies on obesity and on psychosomatic illness but there has been very little research conducted that directly addresses the question of post operative psychosomatic issues among obese people. The author states that this study uses a survey method and describes the procedure used for data gathering and analysis. The paper relates that, if there is a higher incidence of psychosomatic illness in the obese patient population, then steps can be taken to reduce their incidence of post operative psychometric illness.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Methodology
Need for Study
Statement OF Problem
Methodology
Case Studies
Data Collection
Limitations of Study
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Another study examined the use of coronary medications in patients with heart disease and depression. The study found that patients who had illness that was psychological by nature were not taking their beta blockers and other heart medications as prescribed, which increased the possibility of their having a future incident related to their heart issues. The study included men and women who had been diagnosed with and were being treated for heart problems. The study further divided the group into those who had been diagnosed with depression and those that had not been diagnosed with depression."
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Pre-school Programs and Autistic Children, 2006.
This paper is a research proposal to determine whether preschool disabled programs have a positive impact on the social development of autistic children.
5,730 words (approx. 22.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 138.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that experts have a hard time agreeing on the causes and risks of autism, which is a spectrum disorder; however, there is a general agreement that it is a devastating disorder impacting social skills in ways that are far reaching. The author proposes a research study to determine if pre-school programs designed for disabled children are effective methods for helping children with autism develop their social skills and thus increase their ability to communicate. The paper reports that the research will use the case study method studying ten selected participants. The author will gather information using a multi-dimensional approach of interviews with the family members and teachers, observations and empirical data from program records.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background of Study
Purpose of Study
Significance of Study
Research Questions
Assumptions
Delimitation
Definitions
Literature Review
Proposed Methodology
Exploring the Options
"What Is Methodology?
Literature Review
This Study Proposal Choice
Participants
Data Analysis
Limitations of Study
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Children with autism often fail to develop appropriate social skills and are consequently treated differently by their school peers. In addition, their reactions to teachers and other personnel at the school may be inappropriate because they do not have the developed social skills needed to react appropriately. By the time children start school they have usually developed social skills that can help them navigate the day and the tasks that are required of them. For children with autism the inability to socially communicate can make the day difficult at best and impossible to navigate at worst."
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Language Acquisition, 2006.
A look at language acquisition skills in children.
1,520 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of language acquisition among very young people. The paper also discusses steps that can be taken to assist them and what interventions should be avoided. The paper further provides a description of the research design, followed by a discussion of the findings.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Research Design
Discussion of Findings
Conclusion
From the Paper
"While these young learners are getting a handle on the elements of speech at a very early age, there are other important factors that may come into play as well. According to Dixon and Smith (2000), there are two fundamental factors that contribute to the acquisition of language in the very young: (a) attentional control, and (b) stability of neutral affect. "Attentional control appears intrinsically crucial," they advise, "not only for its role in permitting children to attend to linguistic input, but also for minimizing distractions while the input is matched to preexisting semantic networks. Children with more finely developed attentional control also may be better able to enter into bouts of mother-child joint attention" (Dixon & Smith, 2000, p. 417). The authors cite a number of studies to date that have determined that the amount of time devoted to joint attention during free play times in early infancy has been positively related to language productivity in later toddlerhood, and add that maternal utterances that were designed to complement an infant's attentional focus were particularly indicative of linguistic productivity at 13 to 15 months (Dixon & Smith, 2000). "
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Employee Review, 2006.
This paper examines the best practices suggested for employee review within the team work environment at the Washington Telephone Federal Credit Union.
2,390 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper reports that Washington Telephone Federal Credit Union is a company, which highly supports and encourages teamwork, yet team performance is not currently a factor in its employee review policy and employees are not comfortable with the idea of a team performance review. The author points out that the methodology for this research is observation, review of the Employee handbook and interviews with senior branch managers and co-workers. The paper concludes that, if team performance evaluation is to be included as part of the salary adjustment policy, managers will bear a large responsibility in obtaining the 'buy-in' of employees.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Methodology
Review of Literature
Interview/Questionnaire for Senior Manager
Interview/Questionnaire for Human Resources
Summary and Conclusion
Recommendations
From the Paper
"The performance review 'business objectives' are stated by Harvey & Averbook (2006) in the work entitled: "Getting Started With Performance Management" are stated to be through the creation of a "...streamlined, standard and fair review process meeting the needs of both HR and the business", which can be accomplished through standardization of forms, standardization of the rating model, and standardization of competencies. The resulting ROI is realized through: (1) increased perception of fairness, (2) reduced HR administrative costs and (3) Improved analysis of organizational capabilities."
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The Memory of Children, 2006.
This paper summarizes and critiques recent journal articles and books about social influences on memory in children.
4,605 words (approx. 18.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that children in the pre-operational stage of development (ages 2-6) are limited in their ability to think and perceive because they are both egocentric and intuitive, seeing the world only in black and white, and because they believe that all things, both animate and inanimate, have the ability to think and fee. (animism). The author points out that the development of memory in children makes them susceptible to social influences and the recollection of false memories; therefore, children are particularly affected by suggestibility and interviewer bias. The paper suggests future investigation of childhood memory assessment as it relates to education and to children being interviewed in familiar surroundings. The paper includes several long quotations.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Social Influences on Memory in Children
Future Research
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As it relates to interviewer bias, the article asserts the interviewer bias occurs when an interviewer has a priori of beliefs concerning and event and because of these beliefs fashion the interview to exploit disclosures from the interviewee that are consistent with the interviewer's aforementioned beliefs. The article contends that one characteristic of interviewer bias is the attempt to collect only confirmatory evidence and to evade all questions that may generate disconfirmatory evidence."
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Qualitative and Quantitative Research, 2007.
This paper examines the differences between qualitative and quantitative research and their respective purposes.
1,710 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how there are varying ideas regarding the definitions of qualitative and quantitative research and their applications in research. The paper explains that qualitative research methods are those generally placed under the heading of ethnography, while quantitative research falls under the category of empirical or statistical studies. The paper discusses how when deciding what is the best method of research, the researcher must first determine which method best suits his or her research. The paper concludes that both methods are necessary in research and the interpretation of data in order to ensure that all aspects have been researched properly.
From the Paper
"Researchers have reported qualitative and quantitative research have philosophical roots in the naturalistic and the positivistic philosophies, respectively. Practically all qualitative researchers, regardless of their theoretical differences, reflect some sort of individual phenomenological point of view. Most quantitative research approaches, despite the consequences of their theoretical differences, tend to highlight that there is a common reality on which people can concur. The dispute between qualitative and quantitative researchers is based upon the differences in assumptions about what reality is and whether or not it is measurable. The debate further rests on differences of opinion about how one can best identify with what we "know," whether through objective or subjective methods."
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