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Choosing a Paradigm, 2006.
This in-depth paper analyzes the methodology used by researchers in choosing a paradigm for research purposes while focusing on the philosophical presumptions which exist in regards to the nature of their primary research.
5,656 words (approx. 22.6 pages), 62 sources, MLA, $ 136.95
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Abstract
This well-researched paper defines the term 'research paradigm' as system of beliefs, values and techniques which are shared within a group or community. The writer of this paper focuses on research paradigms as a method of looking at the world while providing a specific foundation for researchers to understand what is going on around them. The writer contends and explains why paradigms are discernible by different sets of beliefs which are acquired from philosophical assumptions about the nature of reality. This paper focuses on both the positivist and interpretivist forms of paradigms as they relate to the field social science and research. Positivist paradigms stress significance and disposition while the interpretivist form of paradigms focus on substance and situation.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Social Science Research and Natural Science
What is a Paradigm?
The Positivist Paradigm
The Interpretivist Paradigm
Alternative Perspectives
Paradigms and Methods
Paradigms and the Research Proposal
Conclusions
References
From the Paper
"Pragmatists acknowledge the strengths and weaknesses of each tool. They recognize not only that science affects decision-making but also politics, ignorance, intuition, habit, and prejudice. They also understand the limitations--recommendations are tentative and of a probabilistic nature. Miles and Huberman comment that "we believe that all of us, realists, relativists, critical theorists, are closer to the center, with multiple overlaps." A growing body of social research takes a stand somewhere between the two schools of thought. Eclectic researchers recognize that no piece of social research can be entirely objective, since no researcher is value free. Even in an overtly rigorous quantitative, head counting study, some implicit decisions have already been made as to which heads are worth counting. Eclectic researchers can be more flexible in designing the research process."
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The Collaborative Teaching Method, 2006.
This paper analyzes the positive and negative aspects of the collaborative teaching method while also discussing its effectiveness in the classroom.
3,440 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 31 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This well-researched paper defines the collaborative teaching method as an approach which is geared towards all students at various levels and abilities with the main goal being the optimum maintenance of a heterogeneous classroom. This paper details the background to this particular teaching concept which is an all inclusive methodology and philosophy intended to provide a consistent education potential for all students. This paper discusses the appeal of collaborative teaching while also detailing the common characteristics of this particular method including the atypical relationship that is formed between the teacher and the student. The writer contends and explains that one of the main advantages to this particular teaching style is the flexibility and openness that this method offers. This paper also examines the published reports which claims that not enough research has been done on the issue of inclusive and collaborative learning to definitively determine its effectiveness.
Table of Contents:
Introduction: Universal Design
Definition: Inclusive Classrooms and Teaching
Collaborative Teaching Definition
Legal Aspects
Collaborative and Inclusive Aspects of a Universal Design Environment
Conclusion: Advantages and Disadvantages
Bibliography
From the Paper
"An important aspect of the collaborative classroom is the sharing of authority - which is an aspect which also has raised concern among many educators. The theory is that, while previously the teacher would set all tasks and work assignments, in a collaborative or inclusive teaching environment the students are invited to participate. They can for example, "... set specific goals within the framework of what is being taught, provide options for activities and assignments that capture different student interests and goals, and encourage students to assess what they learn." The teacher would then guide the student, and suggest areas for further research and learning. The teacher is therefore seen more in the role of mediator and facilitator than a traditional authoritarian figure. This approach has a number of decided educational advantages. For example, mediation from teachers in this environment assists the strident to connect to the new information provided through his or her personal experiences - making the learning process more relevant."
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"The Song of Roland", 2006.
This in-depth paper reviews and analyzes the French epic poem "The Song of Roland", penned by an anonymous author sometime between 1098 and 1100.
4,567 words (approx. 18.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 118.95
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Abstract
This well-researched paper delves into the text of the poem which focuses on events that took place in medieval times during the reign of the Christian Emperor Charlemagne. The writer of this paper applies the normative-descriptive method of research in gathering, interpreting and analyzing material derived from an English translation of the actual poem as well as published accounts, criticisms and analyses of the actual text. This paper analyzes "The Song of Roland" as both a work of literature and as a tool of propaganda. This paper discusses the popular premise that the poet's main intent was to inflame the Christian community and turn it against the followers of Islam. This paper discusses the poet's obvious inclusion of incorrect historical facts and racial biases throughout the poem. The writer explores the author's obvious pro-Christian stance in this particular poem. This paper also examines the views and opinions of various historians and critics who suggest that this poem, written in the 11th century about events that took place in the 8th century is largely misunderstood by most readers.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
"The Song of Roland" as a Literary Work
"The Song of Roland" as a Propaganda Text
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Charlemagne's revenge of Roland's death at Roncesvalles became deeply and firmly impressed into the minds of the French people. It does not appear to be a coincidence that the first extent version of this great chanson was written around 1095 during the launching of the First Crusade. From a political maneuver, it turns into a call for a holy war against the Muslims of Spain on account of their attack on Charlemagne's rear guard at Roncesvalles. The epic delineates and clearly and firmly sets down the meanings of good and evil throughout. It does so distinctively in the battlefield scenes where super-mortal forces clash for the control of the earth, using mortal bodies of Christians and pagans in a way of cosmological significance. While based on historical facts, the Song of Roland went through editing in the three centuries between the massacre and the writing of this epic. It is historically factual that the rear guard of Charlemagne's army was slaughtered at Roncesvalles, but it was the Basques and the Muslims that crushed Charlemagne's forces. Neither were the Franks waging a holy war against Spain."
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Effects of Medical Malpractice Claims, 2006.
This purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of medical malpractice claims on the delivery and quality of patient healthcare.
734 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper, presented as a research proposal, explores several topics relating to medical malpractice claims including whether or not increased claims result in decreased quality care. This paper discusses how on-going medical litigation impacts a patient's access to quality and specialized healthcare services. Thie researcher of this brief, yet concise, paper proposes to poll a sampling of 50 patients and 20 physicians using a tailored questionnaire to determine the extent to which patients and physicians feel malpractice claims have in fact impacted on the quality of healthcare. This writer also intends to analyze the medical malpractice claims from Denver's Bureau of Health Services from 1990 and up to the present.
Table of Contents:
Introduction/Background to Problem
Hypothesis
Literature Review
Research Design
References
From the Paper
"Boulard cites many studies that clearly show the increasing costs of malpractice insurance affect specialist care. In 2002 alone more than 60 specialists at one critical care facility in Las Vegas left their jobs after another malpractice premium spike. The crisis results in closure of a 24-hour critical care center. The crisis emphases the potential for not only reduced care but complete lack of access to care for hundreds of patients in similar situations. While legislatures are working on solutions to such problems, the issue is far from resolved. In some medical facilities, physician assistants and nurse practitioners are performing procedures doctor's once did, simply because the cost of medical malpractice is too high for doctors to perform procedures themselves."
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Acquisition of Japanese Case Particles, 2005.
This paper is a complete research project to explore the acquisition of Japanese case particles by English speaking learners.
20,285 words (approx. 81.1 pages), 30 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Japanese case particles, which are morphological markers that indicate the relation of the noun phrase to the predicate, are crucial factor for both comprehension and production of the language; however, it is a very difficult area for adult learners to master. The author points out that the subjects for this qualitative study were selected at random from students whose native language is English and who were currently taking a third semester of a formally instructed Japanese course. The paper recommends instructional techniques based on the findings such as the use of diagnostic tests for recognizing the natures of learners' confusion and creating productive lessons to clarify the confusion. Many charts, tables and graphs.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background
Difference and Difficulty
Literature Review
Definitions of Japanese Case
Research on Acquiring Case Particles by Adult English Speakers
Verbal Protocol: An Effective Mean of Obtaining Valuable Information
Research Questions
Methodology
Research Design
Subjects
Test Survey
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Findings
The First Question: Why are Some Particles Troublesome?
Second Question: Does Subjects' Confidence Reflect the Accuracy in Use of The Particles?
Third Question: How do the Subjects Determine Which Particle to Use?
Discussion
Pedagogical Implication
Teach schema: What Goes with the Particle
Diagnostic Test: To Know What They Don't Know
Provide Meta-Linguistic Instruction: Teach Semantic Role of Particles
Make the Lesson Memorable
Conclusion
From the Paper
"An interesting fact is that the other two problems with 100% accuracy have somewhat similar properties as well. The verb, imasu 'to exist,' is also a stative verb, which is means existential. The adjective, daisuki desu 'to be favorite,' is usually translated into English as "I like something." This verb and adjective also take a semantic object accompanied by the subject marker ga. However, in these questions, subjects had no confusion over use of o and ga. It turned out that the first two uses of ga are very familiar ones to the subjects, and they seem to have almost memorized the combination. This fact will be illustrated and discussed in a later section."
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Survey Methods for Educational Research, 2006.
A research paper evaluating survey methods for educational research.
5,528 words (approx. 22.1 pages), 46 sources, APA, $ 134.95
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Abstract
This research paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of questionnaires as research tools. The paper explores how, once a research paradigm and research questions are defined, researchers must determine the design nature (exploratory or conclusive). The paper discusses and evaluates different survey methods and compares the advantages and disadvantages of the survey methods over other descriptive research designs. Additionally, the paper discusses considerations involved in conducting surveys as well as the ethical issues arising from the various kinds of survey research identified. Finally, the author makes a proposal for a future study to design and evaluate a pilot questionnaire on effective uses of questionnaires as educational research tools.
Table of Contents
Abstract
Introduction
Questionnaire Design
Validity and Reliability
Sampling Design and Procedure
Analytic Procedure
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Social science researchers have long debated the best, most efficacious ways of viewing the world. Two major paradigms, the C positivist and interpretivist, have today become the main focus of this debate. The C positivist paradigm is more compatible with quantitative research methodology. Quantitative research endeavors to define, explain, predict or control phenomena, using descriptive and inferential statistics. That method reflects belief that reality is mechanistic and deterministic, and that a whole may be divided into parts. Quantitative research implies faith in scientific progress, and the static nature of reality. Thorndike state that if anything exists, it can be measured. Objectivity and detachment are upheld in quantitative data collection, in order to explain changes in aspects of reality, or reveal any cause-and- effect relationships that may occur among parts of a whole. Interpretivist paradigms relate mostly to qualitative methodology. Subscribers believe human beings, individually and collectively, develop reality. Such paradigms interpret the specific instead of generalizing from the specific."
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Cholesterol and Food, 2006.
An analysis of the relationship between eating habits and developing high cholesterol levels.
6,039 words (approx. 24.2 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 143.95
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Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains the leading single cause of death in the United States today and elevated serum cholesterol is widely recognized as being the risk factor responsible for myocardial infarction and CHD death. This paper examines how, although coronary heart disease (CHD) is a complex, multifaceted health problem, there has been increased attention focused on dietary cholesterol and saturated fats as factors that also contribute to elevated blood cholesterol levels. It proposes a study based on the hypothesis that high cholesterol can be genetic, anatomically induced and does not always involve poor eating choices.
Outline
Chapter 1: Introduction
Background and Significance
Chapter 2: Review of the Literature
Chapter 3: Methodology
Chapter 4 : Results and Conclusions
From the Paper
"High blood pressure and elevated lipids represent a lethal combination; in fact, it has been estimated that fully 80 percent of those with hypertension also have high cholesterol levels (or hypercholesterolemia) and that 50 percent of these individuals will require some type of medication in order to lower their cholesterol to safe levels (Griffith & Wood, 1997). According to these authors, "For the most part, high blood pressure and high cholesterol are connected by a common denominator: poor lifestyle choices. Both diseases are more prevalent in sedentary and obese persons, and tobacco users" (Griffith & Wood, p. 240). High cholesterol levels are particularly dangerous for people with high blood pressure because excess cholesterol in the blood can become trapped in the crevices of arteries that have been damaged by chronic hypertension."
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On-Line Canadian Pharmacies, 2005.
A look at the methodologies and findings of two separate research studies: An on-line survey of 150 Web users of medical sites and a review of the privacy policies among 25 Canadian on-line pharmacies.
10,935 words (approx. 43.7 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 216.95
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Abstract
The paper provides a question by question analysis of each survey in both text and table formats. The author concludes that on-line Canadian pharmacies may not meet American or Canadian privacy laws requirements and may not provide adequate privacy protection for the customers. The paper recommends that, not withstanding the dangers typically associated with these on-line pharmacy providers, because of the high costs of prescription medications in the United States, many consumers are compelled to seek alternatives through these largely unproven outlets; therefore, it is clear that all consumers should be cautious of online pharmacies as a means of obtaining products or practices that are illegal in an off-line environment.
Outline
Introduction
Methodology of the 150-Person Web User Survey
Data Collection of Web User Survey
Online Canadian Pharmacy Consumer Survey Findings
Demographics
Overall Privacy Policy
Pharmacy Licensing
Personal Demographic Information Collected
Computer Hardware/Software and Cookies Information
Ability for the Consumer to Update Personal Information
Opt-In and Opt-Out
Disclosure of Information to Third Parties and Affiliates
Security
Miscellaneous Information
Spreadsheet Analysis of Privacy Policy Information for Canadian Online Pharmacies
Methodology of the 25 Canadian Online Pharmacies
Tables of Online Survey Results of Consumers Views of Canadian Online Pharmacies
Conclusions, Implications, and Recommendations
Conclusions
Implications
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Almost all of the 25 online Canadian pharmacies surveyed (24, or 96 percent) required a health profile and an original or copy of a prescription to complete a transaction. Of the 25 online Canadian pharmacies' demographic information requirements surveyed, eight (or 32 percent) used email; none used Social Security; nine (or 36 percent) used an address, telephone and credit card inclusively; and seven (or 28 percent) used some type of demographic information such as sex or age.
Just about a quarter (6 or 24 percent) of the 25 online Canadian pharmacies surveyed used cookies, but none of them allowed third-party providers to place them."
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Ventilator Acquired Pneumonia, 2005.
This well-researched paper analyzes the cause and effect of ventilator-acquired pneumonia (VAP) while also discussing treatment and prevention by way of routine oral care positioning.
2,059 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper defines ventilator-acquired pneumonia (VAP) as a specific strain of bacterial pneumonia which takes place when one's general pulmonary defense system ceases to function properly due to high levels of bacteria. The writer of this paper contends and explains why this particular strain of infectious bacterial pneumonia is often incurred during extended hospital stays. This paper details the manner in which the disease is spread via bodily fluids such as tears and saliva. This paper analyzes the use of specialized oral care positioning to both treat and prevent cases VAP. This paper also examines the success rate of preventative oral care at the Vanderbilt Medical Center in Tennessee.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Oral Care to Reduce Ventilator Acquired Pneumonia
Elevating Heads of Beds for Patients on Mechanical Ventilation
Other Precautions
References
From the Paper
"One of the places where changes have been implemented through oral care and there have been improvements is the surgical intensive care unit at Vanderbilt Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. The incidence of ventilator assisted pneumonia was increasing at this hospital from 1999 to 2001. This led the center to start using comprehensive oral care from January 2002 as a part of a total program to remove the incidence of ventilator assisted pneumonia from the center. The change began to give perceptible results to the therapists and the nurses within a period of months. The changes were noted and within a two year period, there was a reduction of ventilator assisted pneumonia by as much as 46 percent. When the figures for 2002 are compared to figures for 2001, there is a clear decrease by 35 percent and there is another decrease that is seen in 2003 when compared to the figures of 2002."
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Internet Dating, 2006.
A proposal for a study examining online relationships and their role in society.
2,191 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 90 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines a study that would focus on the role of relationships online and how they transfer offline, particularly in terms of their development, transition and ramifications. The paper suggests that such a study could help shed some light on the growing role of Internet dating and how it has come to intersect society.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Hypothesis
Methodology
Data Collection and Analysis
Summary
Conclusion
Review of Literature
From the Paper
"Harmon describes the transformation as a gradual one, eased with the lack of promise posed by purely physical relationships. Inherent in her study is the fact that an online relationship may not come to fruition offline; unlike a Friday night dinner date, no one is faced with public humiliation or the awkward kiss good-bye. While her discussion centers on the future of online dating through mutual subjects, her conclusion is profitable for exploring online infidelity. Many relationships cultivated online are now such an integral part of social life that the physical fruition is longer covered in a stigma, suggesting that the relationships based in a chatroom easily extend beyond the cables, power cord, and internet code of conduct."
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Management Styles, 2005.
This paper is a research proposal to study the evolution of management styles in the Middle East
885 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the thesis will evaluate Middle East organizations and identify modern management styles being adopted by them. The author stresses that management styles implemented in a regional-specific organization should take into account the culture, values and the type of industry. This study will identify the strengths and the weaknesses of the different management styles of the past century and identify their appropriateness for the Middle East. The paper relates that the research methodology will include an extensive secondary exploration and a survey using questionnaires and a focus group to collect primary data.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Aims and Objectives of this Thesis
Significance of this Study
Literature Review
Research Methods
Expected Outcome for this Thesis
From the Paper
"The effects of corporate culture and the attitude of the management towards the worker are also as important as the culture and the value of the worker. Abraham H. Maslow and Douglas M. McGregor both believed that in order for people to work to their full potential, they're basic needs have to be satisfied. Herzberg stated that there are various factors that affect motivation: working conditions, salary, job-security and company policies to name a few. Douglas McGregor also put forth the concept that people's management-behavior is dependent upon their view of human beings and work."
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Social Causes of Child Abuse, 2006.
This well-researched paper analyzes the issue of child abuse in the United States while focusing primarily on the social aspects involved.
2,516 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper details the published research findings which state that there are four basic types of abusers. The writer of this paper explores the various theories that claim child abuse is in fact based on social, environmental and structural factors including economic status, cultural values, social isolation and lack of a community support system. The writer contends and explains why cultural norms are a significant cause of child abuse. The writer of this paper emphasizes the need for early intervention to both identify and combat cases of child abuse. The writer also stresses the importance of understanding the social causes of child abuse which can then help treat the abuser and prevent abuse from both occurring and escalating.
Table of Contents:
The Types of Abusers
The Social Systems Theory
Socialization/Role Strain Theory
The Social Interaction Theory
The Religious Theory
Other Social Phenomena
Intervention
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Research and studies on child abuse and abusers indicate there are four basic types of abuser. The "accelerator" sees the child as having some kind of negative affect. (The child may remind them of a former spouse, or be inadvertently blamed for the break-up of a relationship). The abuser may take out their anger and frustration at these situations on the child. The "mediator" has some kind of reason that rationalizes the abuse, such as Biblical passages or "folk" wisdom that seem to support some kind of harsh discipline ("spare the rod and spoil the child"). In the "brakes" abuser, the abuser cannot control their actions and impulses and so allow their impulses to rule over their common sense.
Finally, the "reinforcer" finds some kind of emotional payoff from the abuse. They feel more in control, they can ignore other problems in their life, etc."
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