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Prostate Cancer Testing, 2005.
This paper is a research proposal to analyze the current compliance rates of African-American men for prostate cancer testing in Los Angeles County.
5,625 words (approx. 22.5 pages), 33 sources, APA, $ 136.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although African-American men are considerably more likely than white men to die of prostate cancer, they are reluctant to seek prostate cancer testing because they (1) perceive negative ethnic and cultural messages about masculinity, (2) have a high degree of discomfort with their emotions and (3) believe that submitting to health-sustaining annual prostate exams or performing testicular self-exams as unnecessary, humiliating and 'unmanly' activities. The author points out that, in spite of the prevalence of prostate cancer in African-American communities and the importance of the churches in helping to communicate important public healthcare messages, some ministers are reluctant to sponsor cancer screening programs in the church because of their perception that these issues are too sensitive in nature to be broached. The paper states that this study will use an action research methodology, a type of applied research in which the purpose is to facilitate social change or a political-social goal and will follow the six steps described by W. L. Neuman.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Specific Aims
Background and Significance
Research Design and Methods
Limitations and Delimitations
Data Collection Methodology
Population to be Studied
From the Paper
"Unfortunately, despite a growing recognition that health education programs need to become more "culturally sensitive" to be effective, many initiatives have failed to incorporate this important component into their delivery regimen. Bachino and her colleagues define "cultural sensitivity" as the "extent to which ethnic/cultural characteristics, experiences, norms, values ... are incorporated in the design of targeted health promotion materials." Beyond the need to develop effective patient education promotional materials that effectively communicate their message to the targeted population, health care professionals also have a fundamental ethical obligation to ensure that as many patients as possible are provided with information that will allow them to make informed decisions that are consistent with an individual's culture."
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A Focus Group, 2005.
This paper discusses focus group research methodology and presents a complete focus group on classroom management.
6,200 words (approx. 24.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 145.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the main objective of the focus group was to gather information through a discussion group where a small sampling of professional instructors with varied levels of experience could clarify the hypothesis that effective classroom management results from a combination of positive social interaction, active engagement of students and reduction of negative behaviors that can distract students, resulting in an environment where learning can take place. The author points out that a focus group entails following a systematic process that incorporates the following: preparing a discussion agenda, designating a moderator, and preparing an outcome report. The paper relates that the focus group concluded that planning, communication of intention, consistency and humor were critical to effective classroom management.
Table of Contents
Background and Objectives
Methodology
Preparation and Developing the Discussion Guide
Selection of Focus Group Discussion Participants
Focus Group Recruitment Survey
Participants
Preparation for the Discussion Sessions and Session Logistics
Moderating the Sessions
Analysis of the Results
Summary and Considerations
Group Insights
Highlights of Findings
Effective Teacher
Importance of Classroom Management
Biggest Challenges in the Classroom
Classroom Discipline Training
Classroom Management Plan
Effectiveness of Participants' Classroom Management Skills
Define Classroom Management and an Effective Classroom Manager
Critical Skills
Multicultural Awareness
From the Paper
"One of the main objectives was to keep the conversation flowing for the majority of the three hour session. As moderator, it was my responsibility to keep control of the discussion session. When the participants got off track or ahead of the issue being discussed, it was my responsibility to pull the group back together. I also aimed to keep the discussion as informal as possible and I tried to encourage all of the participants to speak whatever was on their minds. This entailed missing out on opportunities to take detailed notes."
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Author Orhan Pamuk, 2005.
This paper is a research proposal to study the author Orhan Pamuk originally from Turkey.
1,250 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the goals of the proposed research are to discuss Pamuk's literature, themes, critiques and reception in Turkey, the United States and the United Kingdom including sales figures. The author points out that Pamuk is supremely interested not only in the significance and meaning of his works but also in the meta-fictional understanding of his work through his characters' relations to other fictional texts within his original text. The paper relates that, whereas for most writers a novel begins to grow and to take life during the process of writing, this process for Orhan Pamuk is merely the stage execution of an already highly perfected design. Outline of proposal included.
From the Paper
"By means of introduction, what allows us to immediately discern Orhan Pamuk's works from most other Turkish writers' is that for him the process of writing is actually a veritable mode of existence. This is not to say that Orhan Pamuk is necessarily a greater pundit of the writing profession than his colleagues - it is not so much a matter of the degree of commitment, but rather the form of his dedication to writing. These observations are expressed in Pamuk's method of defining, limiting and specifying himself as "a writer," in the greatest priority. Indeed, for the majority of scribes, writing is a mode self-expression, maintain as a method to cope with life's extreme and a reality that is not necessarily ideal, and, from these, a supreme attempt to create and induce significance through semiotics."
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Income Disparity Measurement, 2005.
This paper discusses the problems of measuring income disparity especially in the developing world.
5,390 words (approx. 21.6 pages), 23 sources, APA, $ 132.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that sociologists and politicians have become extremely worried about the growth in international and national income disparity especially in developing countries, which is considered to be the cause of political strife. The author stresses that calculating the level of income disparity in developed or under-developed societies is not easy; two different studies of one particular country, at the exact same time, can come to two different conclusions. The paper proposes a comparative analysis of the various structures and theories of income disparity measurements being utilized by the third world countries, which are comprehensive enough to accurately evaluate income disparities with all independent variable, such as color, gender, rural/urban, economical system and occupation. Tables and graphs.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Research Questions
General Questions
Specific Questions
Background of the Study
The Histories Context of Income Disparity:
Literature Review
A Brief Overview of the Income Disparity Measurement Methods Being Used
Critical Analysis of these Measurement Methods
Problems with the Use of these Methods within Countries
Ideas about the Gaps that Exist
What is Wrong with the Present Methods being Used?
Theoretical Framework
Summary of the Theoretical Framework
Hypothesis
General Questions
Specific Questions
Research Design
Operationalization Variables
Data Collected
Analysis Plan
Causal Diagram (Ordinary Least Squares Regression)
Conclusion
Table: World Population and Total poverty
Table: Education Spending in relation to the Total GDP and Total Expenditure of the Governments
Table: The Percentage of Income Sharing between the Richest and the Poorest
Table: Gender Related Income Distribution
Table: Occupation and Unemployment Rates
From the Paper
"A substitute structure of measurement frequently employed by the third world has been the use of per capita GNP facts and figures (GNP/c), however, the consideration of purchasing power parity (PPP) has been made and changes have been made accordingly. The changes made in this system compare the local prices of products, merchandise and services of that particular country with the international prices of the same commodities. By utilizing the identical comparative prices for each and every product and services, the researchers evaluated the income measurements that had been changed for purchasing power parity (PPP). The results of the measurements model that considers the purchasing power parity (PPP) and changes the GNP/c accordingly is different from the model that disregards the changes."
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Anabolic Steroid Use in H.S. Students, 2005.
This paper is a complete research project on the anabolic steroid use by high school students in a small suburban high school in Georgia.
6,635 words (approx. 26.5 pages), 53 sources, APA, $ 152.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS), synthetic derivatives of the male hormone testosterone, can exert strong effects on the human body, which may be beneficial for athletic performance; however, they also have many serious negative effects on the user's health. The author used a multiple choice questionnaire for participants in intramural sports teams questioning the athletes' knowledge and use of steroids and interviewed coaches regarding their knowledge of the prevalence of the use of AAS drugs in their particular population of student athletes. The paper concludes that (1) the level of knowledge of the coaches in this school was relatively low, (2) 36% of the students at this high school reported using AAS either currently or in the past and (3) a significant proportion of the athletes who took these drugs were unable to state correctly the side effects or the expectations for these drugs.
Table of Contents
The Problem
Problem Background
Literature Review
Historical Perspective
Performance Enhancing Drugs - the Real Problem
Problems Associated with AAS Use
Physiological Changes Associated with AAS Use
Purpose of the Study and Research Questions
Limitations
Definitions
Importance of the Study
Methodology
Research Design
Selection of Participants
Instrumentation
Ethical Issues
Dissemination
Restatement of the Purpose
Research Question One
Research Question Two
Research Question Three
Sub Question A
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Summary
Conclusions
Implications for Practice/Research
Student Questionnaire
Informed Consent Form
Budget
Educational Course Outline
From the Paper
"There are some sections of the sport world who believe that the risk of significant side effect from the use of anabolic steroids has been grossly overstated. It is probably more correct to state that studies in this area are really few and far between, and when studies have been carried out the data retrieval is difficult and there is very little in the way of side effect reporting. It therefore makes it difficult to predict the level of harm which may be related to the use of anabolic steroids, but some can be theorized and therefore monitored for. In females who use the drugs, the masculinizing effects can be damaging to features and fertility. It is also important to understand that many of these drugs are not adequately regulated, and as a result many athletes end up using counterfeit products, which carry no safety data or warning labels."
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Female Circumcision and Conflict Resolution, 2005.
A research proposal which addresses the issue of female circumcision and conflict resolution.
2,578 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes to study the reasons behind the practice of female circumcision and the true magnitude of the problem. It also provides a review of the literature that deals with this issue. The paper explains that a study will then be conducted by the researcher in the African country of Kenya that will provide information relevant to the topic and what can be done to stop this practice from continuing to take place.
From the Paper
"The practice of female circumcision still goes on in Africa and other areas of the world. It is most prevalent in African countries such as Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, and Yemen, among others (Djibouti, 2005). There are various reasons why this ritual circumcision takes place, and there are three different types of circumcisions that are performed, depending on the tribal laws and regulations that are accepted in a particular region. It is important here to discuss these types, why this practice still exists, what - if anything - is being done to stop it, and what can be done to change things so that the practice no longer takes place. The main point of conflict for this particular practice is that there is a debate regarding the individual rights of the women versus the tribal identity that they have."
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Maggot Therapy, 2005.
This paper reviews an article by R.A. Sherman, in "Diabetes Care" (Feb. 2003), about the use of maggot therapy for treating diabetic foot ulcers unresponsive to conventional therapy.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the problem of foot and leg ulcers on diabetic patients is significant because of its prevalence and the tens of thousands of amputations that occur due to unresolved ulcers. The author points out that the data collection procedure of tracing and photographing the wounds for eight weeks could be replicated; however, the measurement instruments or tools are not clearly described and the reliability and validity of the measurements were not addressed. The paper concludes that this research presents some interesting findings on a small scale; further research needs to be done to ensure that these results are replicated in other patient demographics, including female patients.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of Problem
Literature Review
Theoretical Framework or Concepts
Research Design
Data Collection and Statistics
Discussion
Summary
From the Paper
"Healing rate concepts, previously studied, were utilized in this research. The concept of healing rate "was defined as the change in surface area divided by the mean circumference over time". This concept was meaningful to the study, as it allowed the researcher to determine the effectiveness of the maggot treatment, in relation to conventional treatment. Although they do not provide rationale for the question, hypotheses or purpose of the investigation, they are integral to the determination of the success of the research. This concept of healing rate is based on previous research."
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Nursing Proposal, 2004.
A doctoral student research grant application for a study of quantitative measure of chlamydia trachomatis.
1,188 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This proposal focuses on a descriptive study that will verify through research whether the 1999 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) reiteration of its position on STD treatment guidelines make sense. The proposed study quantitatively measures the amount of Chlamydia Trachomatis in a convenience sample of male and female clients between the ages of sixteen and twenty-one (16-21). The research requires each subject to consent to a voluntary urine amplified specimen collection in order to meet the lab testing requirements for testing for Chlamydia. Justification is based on an opportunity for health plans to create new guidelines for bottom line improvements within the healthcare system.
Outline
Abstract
Itemized Budget and Budget Justification
Conceptualization of the Problem
Research Question
Description of the Research Design
Literature Review
Proposed Method of Presenting Results
From the Paper
"Adolescents and young adults have the highest rates of Chlamydia infections compared with other age groups (Jensen, Fogh, & Prag, 2003). Early detection of this infection can reduce disease spread and prevent the sequelae of untreated Chlamydia infections (Perkins, Carlisle, & Jackson, 2003). Even with considerable advances in the medical field, today Chlamydial infections continue to pose a threat to the health and welfare of individuals. Chlamydia infections frequently are asymptomatic, (Colvin, 2000) so screening programs have been emphasized but, unfortunately several obstacles reduce the likelihood that persons in this age group will be screened."
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma, 2005.
This paper is a research proposal to study the relationship of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) to Esophageal Adenocarcinoma, secondary to Barrett's Syndrome.
5,170 words (approx. 20.7 pages), 27 sources, APA, $ 129.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common condition, which may result in esophagitis caused by the esophagus repeatedly being exposed to acid from the stomach. The author points out that the preliminary literature review provides ample evidence that a relationship exists between the progression of Barrett's Esophagus to Adenocarcinoma and a patient history of GERD; however, the exact parameters of this relationship have not yet been fully recognized and there is still much debate with regard to whether or not GERD should be defined as a true risk factor for progression to advanced adenocarcinoma. The paper relates that the population sample will be male patients, age 50 years, with a positive diagnosis of cancer; the GSRS questionnaire will be the survey instrument to assess the extent to which patients recall experiencing GERD symptoms prior to the onset of their disease and the extent to which each patient sought out care for symptoms of GERD prior to their diagnosis of adenocarcinoma.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background/Significance of Study
Conceptual Framework
Literature Review
Background of GERD/Barrett's Esophagus
Correlation of GERD to Barrett's and Adenocarcinoma in Patients
Risk Factors for Barrett's Progression to Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Control of GERD and Adenocarcinoma
Summary of Literature Available
Methods
Sample/Settings
Instrument
Data Collection Procedure
Limitations
Population Sample
Data Analysis
Appendix A - Consent Form
Appendix B - Demographic Data Sheet
Appendix C - Questionnaire
From the Paper
"The questionnaire is noted for offering a comprehensive evaluation of patient symptoms related to GERD. The reliability and validity of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale has been evaluated in patients with GERD; study results reveal that the GSRS is a useful patient-rated symptom scale for evaluating patients and outcomes for treatment with GERD; the scale is shown to have good reliability and construct validity, and the GSRS scales are capable of discriminating GERD symptom severity accurately. The scale is interview based and consists of 15 items that assess gastrointestinal symptoms. The GSRS have a seven graded Likert Type scale that can be used for analysis, where 1 is equivalent to lack of symptoms and 7 is indicative of severe symptoms."
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The Assistant Principal, 2005.
This paper is a proposal to study the effectiveness of distributive leadership as it relates to the position of assistant principal in New Jersey High Schools.
18,845 words (approx. 75.4 pages), 175 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in recent years, there is a problem with leadership in many schools throughout the country; therefore, the intent of this study is to evaluate if there is a statistically significant difference between the perceptions of the superintendents, principals, and assistant principals in selected high and low achieving high schools in New Jersey regarding the actual and desired instructional leadership duties and responsibilities of the assistant principal. The author points out that distributive leadership involves not allowing just one person to run everything but rather passes the responsibility for leadership to several individuals as a team effort. The paper reports that the quantitative sources of data for this study will be the responses made by the participants on the Assistant Principal Instructional Leadership Questionnaire (APILQ).
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background
Problem Statement
Purpose of Study
Significance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Theoretical Rationale
Limitations of the Study
Reliability and Validity of the Data
Research Questions
Sub Questions
Definition of Terms
Instructional Leadership Behavior
Organization and Overview
Review and Discussion of Related Literature
Role Theory
Change and Improvement in Educational Reform
The Historical Foundation of Instructional Leadership and the Evolution
of the Policies which Developed the Duties of the Assistant Principal
The Assistant Principal's Perspective of the Duties
Actual Duties of Assistant Principals: Rankings and Percentages
Assistant Principals' Rankings of Their Duties for Degree of Importance
Changes in the Position of the Assistant Principal
Duties of the Assistant Principal as a Partner in the Administrative Team
Distributive Leadership Theory
The Relationship between the Duties of the Assistant Principal and the Total School Organization
Assigned Versus Desired Instructional Leadership
Duties of the Assistant Principal
The Complexity of Measuring the Effect of Instructional Leadership
Standards-Based Context for Instructional Leadership
Methodology
Research Design
Population
Data Collection
Instrumentation
Analysis of the Data
Summary of the Methodology
From the Paper
"The impact of No Child Left Behind has put more pressure on the public education system to increase student achievement for all students. The newly reauthorized ESEA both reflects and reinforces a major shift in thinking about the roles and responsibilities of school board members, district superintendents, and principals. As a result, administrators are expected to adjust their leadership focus from a traditional management-orientation to a performance orientation that guarantees high achievement for all students. Curricular and instructional issues are areas ranked by the National Policy Board for Educational Administration (1990) as those most critical for improving student achievement in schools."
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Data Warehousing, 2005.
This paper is a proposed study of data warehousing (DW) to improve decision-making process for a beer manufacturing and distribution company.
4,370 words (approx. 17.5 pages), 26 sources, APA, $ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that one of the major challenges in any data-warehousing project is the proficient amalgamation of large volumes of information of data available for analysis, which must include the customer database, the supplier database and the distributor database, all well integrated into the data-warehousing project. The author points out that data warehousing is an expensive undertaking especially because the beer industry depends extensively on distributors and suppliers and must maintain data on their extensive logistic and distributing channels. The paper stresses that knowledge acquisition is the first step for gaining advantages in the market place; therefore, data warehousing should facilitate internal research to identify new ways of doing tasks within the organization and systematic problem solving efforts. Illustrations.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Objective
Problem Statement
Hypothesis
Methodology
Sampling Procedures
Sources of Data
Literature Review of Data Warehousing
Discussion
Recommendations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Interviews will also be conducted with an additional 50 companies to identify the applications, if any, of data warehousing and the impact that this concept has made on the organization as a whole. This interview will be based on a fixed set of questions. All of the questions will be discussed with every individual. Interviews, in addition to data collection relevant to the question asked, can also identify the non-verbal reactions to the questions asked. Non-verbal communication could be in the form of the comfort level that the interviewee displays, the hand and eye movements and the facial expressions that might be made. The success of data collection using the interview methods is also dependent on the skill and personality of the interviewer. An interviewer who is able to introduce a level of comfort and camaraderie in the interviewee may be able to get more realistic and correct answers. Questions used in the study can be open-ended, where the subject is free to answer the question and discuss relevant issues that might be relevant to the question."
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Six Sigma and SME, 2005.
Research proposal regarding critical success factors of six-sigma implementation for small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) in the Asia Pacific region.
2,687 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
While many larger corporations have used the concepts of six-sigma to improve the quality of their goods and services, it is observed that small and medium sized enterprises (SME) have not adopted this quality management principle. Six-sigma implementation has also different significantly based on the organization's location around the world. This paper plans to identify the methods and the road map by which SME can implement six-sigma within their organization while encountering the least number of hurdles.
Introduction
Literature Review and Search
Theoretical Framework
Research Designs and Methods
Data Collection and Data Analysis
Expected Outcomes, Limitations and Constraints of this Project
Structure of this Project and Project Management Plan
From the Paper
"This project will attempt to present a theoretical as well as practical viewpoint of the critical factors that affect the success of six-sigma implementation within a SME in the Southeast Asia region. The structure of this project will be focused on evaluating critically within the methodology of six-sigma and the quality culture and methods used of the organization. It is assumed that the implementation of these factors can help aid and guide and SME during the implementation process within the organization, but other aspects of the internal value and culture of the organization should also be considered prior to implementing any of the plans. In most cases, it is paractically impossible due to physical, cost or time constraints to classify the needs and wants of all the individuals in the set from which some study is to be conducted. Some level of generalization is made as a result and companies should be able to identify the factors that are best suited to their organization."
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