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Coping with Infidelity and Breakups, 2008.
This paper provides a study of strategies to reduce stress and anxiety in order to cope with infidelity and breakups.
7,064 words (approx. 28.3 pages), 27 sources, MLA, $ 158.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer discusses that the issue of stress and anxiety that is linked to relationship betrayal and breakdown poses a particular challenge to contemporary psychological and relationship counseling. The paper presents an overview of the problem of infidelity and relationship breakdown mainly in the context of modern developed countries like the Unites States - while reference is also made to the permutations of the problem in other countries in the world. The central focus of this paper, however, is on the way that stress and anxiety can be dealt with in the two gender groups. This refers to the differences and similarities in the way that stress and anxiety is experienced by men and women; and the way that they cope with the trauma of divorce and infidelity. The last section of the paper deals with counseling strategies and methods of dealing with this issue, as well as some theoretical stances and trajectories that has been found to be useful in this regard.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Extent of the Problem
Psychological and other Consequences
Differences in Gender in Relation to Stress and Anxiety
Coping Strategies
General Coping Strategies and Advice
Coping Strategies for Women
Self-Esteem
Coping Strategies of Men
Counseling and Stress Reduction
Conclusion
Reference List
From the Paper
" The above view underlines a cardinal aspect of the way that divorce in particular, as well as other forms of relationship breakdown, negatively influences a wide circle of people. The effect that relationship breakdown has on the family and on children is a significant factor in determining the extent of the problem, in that these aspects can add to and increase stress and anxiety. In other words, in the assessment of the extent and range of the effects of marital breakdown, the other individuals who are affected beside the man and woman, tend to contribute to the overall situation and to the stress and anxiety factors. For example, children may become disruptive as result of the stress of the relationship conflict, which in turn leads to an increase in the problematics of the situation."
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The Examined Life, 2008.
This paper discusses the concept of the examined life, studying the beliefs of Socrates.
1,540 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the philosophy of the examined life is a clear theme in nearly every culture. The writer discusses that within Plato's 'The Trial and Death of Socrates', Socrates is reported by Plato to have constantly attempted to help every man develop the desire to look within himself for the answers to the right and wrong of the world. The writer maintains that much more modern literature also attests to this ideal, as can be seen in 'The White Castle' by Pamuk. The writer discusses that there is a clear sense in both works that the value of examining the innate wisdom of humanity and then challenging the assumptions of such wisdom, is the key to understanding not only the self but the world around us. The conclusion of this work expresses the reality of the knowledge of Socratic ideals.
From the Paper
"The reality of one's life, if unexamined is worthless, and from these stories one can better understand the nature of his purpose and his calling. To Socrates his calling was to bring to his beloved people the nature of self, the reality of humanity and the need to seek out the best path based not on self gain but on determined innate wisdom. To Pamuk's Italian the desire to develop a character that was worthy of praise and to live through the challenge of recognizing that men are interchangeable. Through self discovery we all eventually discover that we all have the same core, regardless of our history, our origin or our eventual place within the world. Many people like to see the broader messages of the novel, that the east and west meet, in a setting like Istanbul, the only city in the world placed on the meeting of two continents, and yet the more individual message, as with Socrates is that each individual must seek answers to the larger questions from internal inquiry."
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Collaboration in Nursing, 2008.
This paper provides a concept analysis of collaboration in the field of nursing.
1,681 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the definition and usage of collaboration in nursing and healthcare. An exemplar format is used in order to provide a clear practical meaning to the information given. The exemplar demonstrates the ways in which collaboration in nursing can be used to provide better quality of care for the patient and increase the support network available to the nursing staff. The writer maintains that the concept of collaborative patient-centered care in the primary health care setting is essential to ensure that the patient receives optimal treatment. The writer concludes that collaboration not only provides a better quality of care to the patient, but also ensures that every member of the health care team is acknowledged as a valued contributor.
Outline:
Introduction
Defining Collaboration
Defining Attributes
Model Case
What the Concept is Not
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Although there are various perspectives apparent for the concept of collaboration, this piece will concentrate on the concept from the perspective of patient-centered care. From the literature review it is possible to compile a set of defining attributes for the concept of collaboration. These characteristics are reflective of the ways in which the parties involved interact to meet a common purpose. Firstly, collaboration involves the establishment of a common purpose to all parties involved. There should be a clear definition of the various roles which each party will take to achieve this purpose. Each member taking part in the collaboration should be respected as a valued partner in the collaboration. Each partner's knowledge and skills should be respected and utilized, with every partner participating in achieving the purpose. It is only if all of these defining attributes are met that the concept of collaboration is achieved as opposed to simply referral."
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Human Sexuality, 2008.
This paper looks at the role of gender and human sexuality.
2,434 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that the role of gender and sexuality is certainly not fixed, as suggested by Darwin. Instead, the writer claims that many aspects of femininity and masculinity are related to power. Furthermore, power can impact the role of gender both inside and outside of personal relationships. The writer notes, as an example, that economic power over slaves resulted in the development of puritanical sexual mores in modern-day Jamaicans. However, the writer points out that economic power by Western tourists has resulted in a female sex tourist industry in that same country. Therefore, the writer concludes that researchers who attempt to study issues surrounding sexuality and gender must be careful to guard against their own bias, and also be aware of the various cultures that have previously interacted with the subjects of their studies.
From the Paper
"Furthermore, it is important to realize that researchers in disciplines like sociology and anthropology are rarely documenting solely naturally-occurring phenomenon. On the contrary, the very presence of the researcher changes the social situation. For many years, the presence of researchers was thought to have minimal impact on the people being studied, as long as the researchers made conscious efforts to avoid impacting and changing the studied society. However, this idea is patently false. The very presence of people from other cultures has an impact on a society. Furthermore, one need only watch a reality television show and the outrageous behavior displayed on such programs to understand that the knowledge that one's behavior is being documented and recorded can have an impact on that behavior. Therefore, it is important for one to understand that even a perfectly neutral researcher is going to have some impact on the behavior of the people that he or she is studying; it is simply impossible to introduce an outside observer to a situation without impacting that situation in some manner. Furthermore, whether the researcher's impact is significant or insignificant is something that the researcher cannot determine, because they have only observed the studied population after introducing themselves to the situation. In that way, one must concede that there is no organic modern anthropological research, but that it has all been tainted, in varying degrees, by the presence of the researchers studying it."
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Cross-Cultural Emotional Development, 2008.
A discussion of the differences in emotional development in children from various cultures.
1,312 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the 'making' and sentimentalization of a child is something that is addressed very differently, depending on the culture and the society. The paper explains that in some cultures, emotional issues are more important and significant than physical ones, and when this is the case, the emotions of a person are seen as a prime source for that individual's motivation. The paper looks at how anthropology has conceptualized the relationship between emotional competence and the child. The paper also points out that the politics of a nation becomes that of the child that is raised in that nation, whether that is good or bad.
From the Paper
"Lutz (1983, p. 247) infers that the parents often show the child how he or she 'should' react to something specific. If a parent reacts with anger to every little slight, the children will likely react that way as well. In a sense, they have been conditioned to react that way because it is what they see as normal, based on how their parents act. The more time they spend around others, though, the more that they see that there are different ways of reacting to specific stimuli, and they might then begin to question whether the way that their parents react is the 'right' way, or the way that they want to react. This begins a period of socialization where the child learns what is acceptable in society and his or her place in that (Lewis & Saarni, 1985, p. 4)."
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Creating America, 2008.
Examines literature from colonial North America and later new immigrants to explore the creation of the American identity.
2,055 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the creation of the American identity was not a fluid, linear process but rather a generational process. The paper points out that this process is reflected in the literature, which shows how the first generation of colonists and later new immigrants long for home, but slowly, themes and traditions emerge that express a belief that the old nation, in the case of America England, is divergent from the new land. Eventually, themes of home as the new land become dominant in literature. The author explores this literature, associated with immigration, as the text of the development of the American identity.
From the Paper
"The tasks were many, and they included lofty goals such as taming the natives and more practical ones, relating to the production of goods to return home. This industry was not thought of as permanent, it was thought of as an industry needed to broaden the boundaries of the world from which they had come. In one demonstrative title, examining the history of the book in the colonial period is a statement about the nature of the colonial mind. Each individual colonist embraced their individuality as a colony charter, rather than as members of a new and emerging national identity of America."
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Immigrant versus Native Americans, 2008.
This paper looks at the relationship between natives and new colonists from the colonial period.
1,740 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the colonial Americans were clearly a population in conflict with a multitude of conflicting populations as well as objects. The writer notes that the colonists were in conflict with the land, which they did not yet understand, as well as the native peoples of the land, which they had chosen to become at least their temporary home, in the name of European progress and wealth. The writer points out that the conflicts, of which there were many, with native Americans were frequently difficult and bloody and in fact marked one of the greatest obstacles associated with European dominance of the new found colonies. The neighbors having been provoked by bad behavior in the past, would likely see and treat the new colonists with the same regard, tentatively trading with them to gain goods they had become dependent upon but at the same time never letting down their guard to the potential for treachery. The writer concludes that the native populations and the colonists then were in a continual dance of shaking hands at full arms length, in need of each other but unwilling to come any closer.
From the Paper
"The colonists therefore resolved the conflict between themselves and natives, by placing the responsibility for collective communication upon the natives, and assuming all others, those who did not come to them first were in need of cajoling, either by means of warfare or dominance by dependence.
"Though in retrospect, some observers of the colonial experience, such as Raynol, recognized the error of assuming superiority over natives and removing them from the land with brute force and physical dominance was unethical at the very least, there is also a clear sense that this is retrospective and Raynol, did not have to live there. The pillage and plunder mentality and action, did not always succeed, though and there were clearly some who learned from the failings of others, in the conflict with the native populations."
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Ethnography, 2008.
A looks at ethnography as a social science research method.
5,280 words (approx. 21.1 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 130.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines the history of ethnography, the principle individuals behind its inception, and the manner in which data is collected. The paper also analyzes the strengths and weakness of ethnography and examines the ethical issues surrounding this type of research. In addition, this paper outlines circumstances when ethnography is a viable research tool and describes the manner in which it has been used in education research. Finally, the paper concludes with some well-known examples of ethnography.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Overview of Qualitative / Action-Based Research
History of Ethnography
Ethnography as a Viable Research Method
Strengths and Weaknesses of Ethnography
Ethical Issues Surrounding Ethnography
Ethnographical Research Used in Education Research
Well-Known Studies of Ethnography
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Other aspects of ethnographical research that can be considered weaknesses is the types of participant strategies that it involves. The first and most fundamental distinction among observational strategies concerns the extent to which the observer is also a participant in the program activities being studied. Weaknesses in have been pointed out in determining what kind of participation the researcher must engage in. According to Genzuk (2003), the extent of participation is a continuum which varies from complete immersion in the program as full participant to complete separation from the activities observed, taking on a role as spectator."
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Health Sector in Ghana, 2008.
This paper provides a research proposal for an extended security and privacy model for the health sector in Ghana.
5,339 words (approx. 21.4 pages), 23 sources, APA, $ 131.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that many developing countries around the world are faced with the dual-edged sword of a "brain-drain" of their healthcare professionals who seek better economic opportunities in other countries as well as healthcare infrastructures that require substantive improvements to bring them up to date. The writer points out that the Republic of Ghana is faced with this precise set of circumstances as it struggles to overcome the historic legacy of colonialism and the same economic and social developmental issues that have confronted many sub-Saharan African nations in recent years. One technique that has proven effective in recent years in facilitating the delivery of quality healthcare services to a wide range of consumers is the use of so-called "smart cards." The purpose of the proposed study is to consider the introduction of so-called smart cards in public and private health service delivery in the Republic of Ghana today. To this end, a critical review of the relevant peer-reviewed and scholarly literature is presented, followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Methodology
Preliminary Review of the Literature
Background and Overview
Healthcare Issues Confronting Developing Nations Today
Smart Cards and Healthcare Delivery
Privacy Considerations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Many developing nations are faced with some enormous challenges and obstacles to development, particularly when it comes to the delivery of effective healthcare services. For instance, healthcare professionals have long emigrated from developing to developed countries in search of better professional and personal opportunities; in recent years, though, this trend has become even more pronounced. Chronic shortages of nurses, physicians, pharmacists, and other healthcare practitioners around the world have fueled the migration from less affluent to more affluent countries, but also between poor countries and between wealthy ones as well. As a result, there is a growing global labor market for all types of professionals in health care today. Moreover, the globalization of the health-care labor market has had a profound effect on the ability of many national health-care systems to deliver vital services to their citizens. The most dramatic impact is being felt in the least developed nations, where there has been a tremendous increase in emigration."
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Culture as Power, Ideology and Hegemony, 2008.
An analysis of the way in which the Frankfurt School viewed the sociology of culture and a discussion of Jurgen Habermas' "The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society."
3,274 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the key texts of the Frankfurt School on the sociology of culture. It also discusses Jurgen Habermas' writings on the subject, particularly in "The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society." Finally, it discusses the works of French critical theorists such as Guy Debord, Michel Foucault, Pierre Bourdieu, and Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari and examines the ways in which the Frankfurt School impacted their thought.
From the Paper
"The French radical philosophers and sociologists built upon the foundation laid by the Frankfurt School in developing their own critique of culture. They extended the Frankfurt School theorists' attack on mass culture, liberal tolerance, and the decay of the public sphere to include such key areas a language, discourse, and the psyche. Thus, it can be said that the French theorists were much more interested in the ways in which culture played out on the semiotic or symbolic level. Debord's Society of the Spectacle articulated the fact that no true social interactions could take place, as all interactions are now mediated. Foucault introduced the notion of discourse as a tool for maintaining power-as-knowledge via specialization in the professional realm. In a similar vein, Bourdieu's analysis of language was meant to show us "our place" in the social sphere. He connected language with what he deemed "symbolic capital"; just as Foucault linked knowledge with currency, Bourdieu would assert that those in possession of "symbolic capital" were the same who possessed enough power to perform acts of "symbolic violence" against those with less symbolic capital. But the greatest destabilization would come from Deleuze and Guattari, who would reject the Freudian-Marxist axis upon which the Frankfurt School theory had developed altogether in favor of a whole new freedom that would be based on the libidinal flow of desire."
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Race, Gender, and Work, 2008.
This paper analyzes the book "Race, Gender and Work: A Multicultural Economic History of Women in the United States" by Teresa Amott and Julie Matthaei.
1,630 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce and analyze the book "Race, Gender and Work: A Multicultural Economic History of Women in the United States" by Teresa Amott and Julie Matthaei. Specifically, it discusses why the analysis of women's work in terms of race, class, and history is essential to the study of contemporary work issues.
From the Paper
"This liturgy is repeated throughout American history through Chicana women, Black women, European immigrant women, and Asian women. White men created the societal rules, and women had to conform to them. In the contemporary workplace, these male-dominated rules still largely govern hiring practices and jobs available to women. This actually began in the 19th century when it became more common for people to seek wage-work rather than providing for themselves on a farm or other family business. Many men began to work outside the home, leaving the tending of home, family, reproduction, and other responsibilities to the women at home, of course unpaid. Most of the companies hiring men (and some single women) were owned by white male capitalists, who hired a majority of men in their factories and offices. Women that could not afford servants took on more responsibilities, while the entire American culture began to revolve around home, hearth, and the women who maintained this domesticity."
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Life Span Development, 2008.
This paper looks at lifespan development that discusses the changes of an individual during the period of life.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that lifespan development and developmental psychology, in general, study the changes that occur in an individual throughout his entire lifespan, from his existence as a prenatal to old age and death. The writer notes that basically, lifespan development studies the evolution and changes of the individual, as well as of groups of individuals, over their entire period of life. On the other hand, the writer maintains that it is important to have a definition of the term development, as perceived by psychologists. It is much more difficult for an individual nowadays to be separated from the environment in which he lives and works and be examined as he is. The writer discusses that this can be in part beneficial for a psychologist, witnessing the object of study at work, in his own environment, but it can also be challenging, due to the fact that collectivism seems to be much better represented nowadays than individualism was before.
From the Paper
"Among the most important categories of lifespan development methodologies, we can enumerate longitudinal study and cross-sectional study. In the longitudinal study, individuals that are born around the same period of time are jointly analyzed throughout their lifespan in order to observe not only individual development, but also differential individual development and see how and why individuals developed differently.
"On the other hand, in the cross-sectional study, the psychologist will aim to analyze individuals of different ages at a certain moment of time. Differently from the previous method, this will require fewer resources while provided useful resources about the individual development at various age stages. Cross-sectional study also helps lifespan development psychologists answer important questions referring to whether or not experience changes actual accumulation and development of an individual and how different age groups react differently in different situations ..."
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