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Water Safety in Mega Cities, 2008.
This paper looks at the issue of unsafe water supplies in the mega cities of the developing world.
984 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer notes that in the early 21st century, the mega cities of the developing world are facing an unprecedented series of environmental pressures. These are all ultimately due to the rapidly accelerating growth and development of such urban areas, whose immense populations and industries are negatively impacting local and regional environments on a significant scale. The writer argues that, while the poor of these cities face many challenges as a result of development - from poor nutrition to poor sanitation, air pollution and housing crises, the unsafe water supplies of these cities is the most urgent problem that they face.
From the Paper
"Scholars studying the issue of safe water supplies in the mega cities of the developing world agree that the nature of this development problem is shaped by its context. In this regard, there are two primary factors that we must consider. First, the development of the mega cities of the developing world is radically different than the development of mega cities in the developed world as in the latter case development was gradual, while in the former it is accelerated. Thus, while cities such as New York had a century to develop water systems to cope with growth, the cities of the developing world have had only a generation. Consider, for example, the fact that the population of Mexico City in 1950 was 3.1 million, and a generation later, in 1980, was 13.4 million. The second primary factor is that while in the developed world mega cities their economies grew in close parallel to the growth of the cities' populations, in the developing world this connection is far more uncertain."
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"Leaving Home", 2008.
An examination of the concept of the "other" in Canadian culture through an analysis of David French's play "Leaving Home".
1,175 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that the idea of culture, in David French's play "Leaving Home" reflects the idea of traditional perspectives towards the significance of belonging. The paper explains that French's play focuses on the character of Jacob Mercer, a Newfoundland immigrant who has relocated his family to Canada, who forcibly imposes his native values upon his two sons. The paper then examines how Mercer presents his view of the clash between generations, where the children recognize the opportunity for change and are willing to participate in it while the parent holds tight to the old ways.
From the Paper
"The modern mainstream cultural landscape of Canada is one in which the concepts of shared values overcome cultural limitations (Angus, 21). Yet where Ben and Billy are indicative of the transformation within the mainstream, Jacob represents the fringe cultures; were the play written twenty years later, this would perhaps have been an ironic commentary on French's part, as Jacob is himself an immigrant into Canada and major resistance to the Canadian national project has come from immigrant communities (Chambers, 50). These fringe cultures are formed mainly from immigrants who have purposefully moved into limited geographic areas in order to preserve their cultural identity (Chambers, 50; Mackey, 71). "
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The Toronto Drug Treatment Court, 2008.
This paper is an extensive discussion of the Toronto drug treatment court (DTC), a successful adult drug diversion program.
4,615 words (approx. 18.5 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Toronto drug treatment court (DTC), a diversion program, has been a response to a Canadian normative criminal justice system that does not approach the underlying problem of addiction. The author points out that diversion programs, such as DTCs, are ways to interrupt the continuum of incarceration now associated with offenses created by the drug culture. The paper relates that the conventional criminal justice system offers little or nothing to counteract addiction beyond a possible referral to a treatment center, which usually brings no results. The author underscored that the Toronto DTC has a 4% recidivism rate as compared to a 45% recidivism rate of persons charged with drug-related offenses who do not pursue treatment diversion. The paper states that the cost-benefit analysis underscores the savings to the taxpayer.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Toronto Drug Treatment Court
Suitable Offenders
Making an Honest Effort
The Rights of the Offender
Benefits
Challenges to Expanding Drug Diversion Programs
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"The Toronto Drug Treatment Court is located in the Old City Hall complex as is thought to be Canada's busiest court house, a place to be experienced for its many mainly poor Canadians to appear, its old fashioned premises and the main venue of the city's Aboriginal Diversion (Gladue) Court. On two visits to Drug Treatment Court, it was observed that the atmosphere is civil and collaborative. Judges spoke in a direct humane manner to offenders unlike what was observed in other criminal court settings. Support workers from agencies and volunteer groups, including former graduates of the Court, were present."
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Models of Family Therapy, 2008.
This paper discusses and explains different models of family therapy.
1,622 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at different models and forms of therapy for families that are experiencing problems. The writer notes that natural therapy is a form of psychotherapy that does not allow for medications, but that uses techniques that are aimed at assisting the individual to overcome issues through a natural approach. The writer looks at cognitive behavioral therapy in which the problem is seen to exist through the individual's thoughts and actions. The writer then discusses structural therapy and strategic family therapy. The writer maintains that the solution focused model of family therapy identifies the outcomes that the family desires and uses those outcomes as the focus of the therapy. In the narrative model the writer notes that clients are asked to take part in a narrative history of life and in collaborative therapy the patient and the therapist work as partners in the discovery of issues and the implementation of solutions to the issues.
Outline:
Natural System Model
Cognitive-Behavioral Model
Structural Model
Problem Focus Model
Strategic Model
Solution-Focused Model
Narrative Model
Collaborative Language System Model
From the Paper
"Change for the patient requires that the thoughts and actions impacting the person's life must be identified initially. This may occur through the patient speaking with the therapist and answering questions that serve to allow the therapist to determine where the issues exist. However, the patient should be the one that identifies the problem areas through discussion so that he or she is capable of understanding that change is significant.
"Techniques used in cognitive behavioral therapy are implemented once the identification of the problem has occurred. The therapist may give the patient "homework" and a new mental or physical response to a situation. That new response is used by the patient in place of the negative response and it is through practice that a new method of thought or behavior can be experienced on an ongoing basis, replacing the former thoughts and action."
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The Serial Killer, 2008.
This paper studies the serial killer and looks at the related psychopathology.
1,234 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the serial killer has become a staple in crime fiction, movies, and television shows, including the recent film 'Zodiac', which tells the story of a serial killer who terrorized San Francisco for almost a decade. The writer points out that as the latter shows, the serial killer is a reality and not just a plot device, and the psychopathology of this sort of killer has been studied closely for its cause and different ways in which it is manifested. The writer notes that such studies are of use to psychiatrists, of course, but also to a profiler who uses the data to make assessments of serial killer cases in order to hone in on a suspect and stop the crimes. The writer concludes that studies of serial killers are necessarily largely confined to those caught and convicted, leaving some uncertainty about killers who have not been caught and even more about the many who may not even have been discovered or recognized.
From the Paper
"Victims may be chosen for their symbolic value as much as for any other reason. A series of murders undertaken for financial gain would not qualify. Cult murders would also be eliminated because there is a different motivation for that sort of crime.
"The serial killer is most often identified as a psychopath or sociopath. The criteria for this disorder have been identified by the American Psychiatric Association as follows. First, this individual shows a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others. This would have been true since the age of 15."
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James Baldwin and Racial Segregation, 2008.
This paper examines the phenomenon of racial segregation in the essay "Notes of a Native Son" by James Baldwin
1,623 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This study analyzes the premise of racial segregation through the familial, educational, and social background found within James Baldwin's essay "Notes of a Native Son." Baldwin's father is an example of the racial construct of family that drives Baldwin's desire to find a better life as a writer. The writer notes that, in many instances, Baldwin presents a rhetorical narrative that defines the victimization of his race through his father, which is paramount to proving that segregation is a real phenomenon in American society. In essence, the writer concludes that the basis of a familial, educational and social background reveals the tenets of racial segregation that was a major part of Baldwin's life as an African-American writer.
From the Paper
"Another aspect of Baldwin's essay relates to the problem of social upheaval that occurred and how it affected his family. Not only was his father deeply cynical of whites and their role of aggression towards African Americans, but there was also the symbolic threat of rioting that had occurred when his father had died. In many Ways, Baldwin feels a parallel social influence on his family that made an impression on his mind. The riot that were taking place in Harlem acted in tandem with Baldwin's father's death, thereby activating a sense of purpose in his life. He certainly saw a cause in combating racial segregation because of the damage it caused to his society. This is the sympathetic relationship that he viewed in his father, but was part of the ongoing build up of violence during the Civil Rights era .."
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"Swamp Angel" & "Twenty-Six", 2008.
This paper compares and contrasts the books "Swamp Angel by Ethel Wilson and "Twenty-Six" by Leon Mckay Jr.
1,021 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Ethel Wilson's "Swamp Angel" and Leon McKay Jr.'s "Twenty-Six" are two dramatic novels written by Canadian authors and set within Canadian borders. The writer maintains that despite these superficial similarities they are, however, very similar books in their themes of compassion, familial relationships, time, drama, pain, and the necessity of moving forward. The writer concludes that the endings of "Swamp Angel" and "Twenty-Six" represent the importance of compassion in redemption. Life is difficult, the authors seem to acknowledge; but it rolls on, regardless of us. The writer maintains that the only means through which we can improve our lives and obtain meaning is through acceptance of change and the embracing of the human beings who are important to us - our family.
From the Paper
"Both novels deal closely with the theme of compassion towards those around us, as part of being human. The novels Swamp Angel and Twenty-Six also deal with the concept of responsibility, particularly in a familial sense. Wilson's book serves to remind the reader what it is to be human. That is, we must not only be ourselves, but are responsible for the consequences of our actions and how they effect others - especially family members. This concept of responsibility is tied in with the idea of time. Wilson's character Maggie demonstrates that though time is ours, it does not permit us the joy and irresponsibility of floating along of our own accord, acting of our own whim without regard to others. Instead, life and relationships are temporal. And, in the temporal flow of relationships, changes abound. When Mrs. Severance gives up the Swamp Angel, she recognizes that time and change are necessary ideals to uphold."
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The Sociology of Aging, 2008.
This paper discusses how an aging America creates economic, labor market, health and demographic trends that have serious long-term implications.
2,083 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the steady aging of the American population (certainly among the native-born) and looks at what this means for the social and economic future of the United States. In particular, the paper looks at the various economic, labor market, health and demographic trends gripping America and at how they are all coming together at a significant point in U.S. history. More than that, the paper argues that the United States faces possible economic contraction, run-away social costs, social fragmentation, and a general decline in vigor and/or productivity unless it finds a way to implement policy changes that will nudge the nation towards a brighter future.
Outline:
Abstract
References
From the Paper
"Other economic trends can be easily associated with an aging population. For one thing, it is axiomatic that older investors tend to be much more interested in investments that offer long-term security and reliable returns. Conversely, younger investors who have many more years in the workforce ahead of them - and who have the time necessary to "rebound" from a bad investment - may be more willing to put their money into high-risk, high-reward ventures. Suffice it to say, part of the vitality of the American economy resides in the willingness of people to "take a chance" and finance a fledgling company that has an uncertain future. As the population grows older, however, the interest in participating in venture capitalism and/or engaging in entrepreneurial activities diminishes in relative terms; as a result, a major component of America's economic success is greatly constrained."
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Helen Longino's "Pornography, Oppression and Freedom", 2008.
This paper rejects Helen Longino's position on pornography as presented in her work, "Pornography, Oppression and Freedom: A Closer Look".
1,235 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Helen Longino argues in her article "Pornography, Oppression and Freedom: A Closer Look" that pornography by its nature is harmful to women and should be controlled and eliminated. The author maintains that Longino bases this position on tenuous distinctions between pornography and erotica and on the liberal use of universal claims about the effect that pornography has on women and their place in society. The paper contends that, despite her superficially well-reasoned article, a closer examination of Longino's claims and analysis reveals problems that undermine her argument. The paper then asserts that pornography cannot be considered necessarily and categorically harmful to women. The paper concludes that the marginal harm that pornography might cause in isolated incidents is not great enough to justify banning pornography and restricting this form of sexual expression.
From the Paper
"Longino argues that these harms are cause enough to invoke laws and regulations that would limit freedom of expression and sexual expression. But are these harms entirely plausible? Is the potential for these harms to be realized justification enough to ban pornography. F.M. Christensen would say no, that efforts to ban pornography through limitations on freedoms--especially freedom of expression--is reprehensible and much more harmful to society than the potential ills of pornography. On this point, I agree with Christensen."
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Create a True Experiment for Stationary Cameras, 2008.
A comprehensive description of the creation of a true experiment for the use of stationary cameras in a high-risk crime area.
3,241 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper, broken down into five parts, describes the creation of a true experiment to examine the use of stationary cameras in crime prone areas. All elements are included, explained and discussed. The author also includes discussions related to data gathered, the test instrument itself and the validity and reliability of the results. The forth section discusses the advantages and disadvantages of cross-sectional, panel and trend designs and which is most effective. Finally, in the fifth section, the writer presents a discussion of the relationship among the various concepts explained in the text.
Outline:
Part 1 - Create a True Experiment for Stationary Cameras
True Experiment Requirements
Design of the Experiment
Abstract
Comparison Groups
Variation in the Independent Variable
Random Assignment
Conclusion
Part 2 - Create a Test Instrument
Nominal Data
Ordinal Data
Interval Data
Ratio Data
Part 3 - Validity and Reliability of Survey
Validity
Reliability
Part 4 - Cross-Sectional, Panel and Trend Designs
From the Paper
"One of the ways to determine the causal impact of certain conditions upon social groups it through the use of "True Experiments". True Experiments contain at least three elements, being: at least two comparison group, an experimental group and the control group; before the measuring of change in the dependent variable, a variation must be made in the independent variable; and, members of the comparison groups are randomly assigned (Schutt, 2006, p.201). These elements are important in determining the causal mechanism and controlling the experiment."
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Marriage, Relationships and Society, 2008.
A comparison of two articles:"Marriage: Then and Now" by Stephanie Coontz and "Family Responsibilities: The Politics of Love and Care" by Meg Luxton.
1,038 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses two articles that both deal with the interrelationships between domestic relationships and the broader society: :"Marriage: Then and Now" by Stephanie Coontz and "Family Responsibilities: The Politics of Love and Care" by Meg Luxton. The paper explains that Coontz supplies the reader with an interesting account of the history of marriage, showing how it has changed according to dominant social and historical trends. The paper then points out that Luxton shows how neoliberal capitalist policies have impacted family relationships and that the assumption that families must be self-reliant, and independent of the capitalist economy, dates back to 18th century liberalism. The writer concludes that both of these articles are written from a starting point of love and caring and both have an underlying agenda of promoting the greatest possible amount of individual and family happiness within the realities of our current society. The writer also believes that both articles provide useful insights into social realities, and constructive suggestions that can increase the happiness of many relationships.
From the Paper
"The underlying assumption of Coontz's article is that marriage is one of the many mechanisms of our society - it will thus change according to various social demands made on it. She does not appear to see any malevolent forces at work in this - marriage is simply an inanimate institution whose functions grow or contract depending on the pressures brought to bear on it. By contrast, Luxton's article does seem to pinpoint some malevolent forces at work. She blames what she calls the neoliberal agenda for the reduced role that the state is playing in fulfilling social responsibilities. Thanks to neoliberalism. She believes that the well-being of families has become subordinate to the well-being of business."
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Homeless in Toronto, 2008.
This paper discusses the problem of homelessness in Toronto focusing on the years 1987-2005.
1,507 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that homelessness in Toronto is an ever-growing problem facing the city. The materialization of this problem has not been caused by one single action or event. Rather, it has been growing due to several factors facing homeless individuals, as well as the society and the government. This paper discusses the extent of the problem of homelessness in Toronto, the problems that the homeless people are facing today as well as the factors that have led to a rise in homelessness, including the cutbacks in social programmers and policy by the government. Finally, the writer discusses what needs to be done in order to deal with this problem.
From the Paper
"Homeless people also face many barriers to accessing the healthcare system, sometimes simply because they do not have a permanent address or because their health card has been stolen. Furthermore, there are prevailing false beliefs and stereotypes about the homeless, particularly since historically homelessness has been linked to vagrancy. Many still believe that homelessness in the result of an inadequacy or failure of an individual rather than the responsibility of the society. Many studies have pointed to the fact that the increase in the number of homeless citizens significantly burdens many other services: health, legal, employment etc."
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